 Nanofibrillated cellulose, NFC, is a bio-based nanomaterial with unique properties that make it ideal for use in various applications. Surface modification of NFC is essential to improve compatibility with matrices and to add new functionalities. The authors provide an overview of the most common surface modification techniques, including physical adsorption, molecular grafting, and polymer grafting. This article was authored by Julian Braz, Mohamed Nasser-Beldism and Karim Asim.