 Well, hello everybody and welcome to Hydrotera's most recent webinar. Today's topic is all about how we can use direct satellite connectivity to improve the way we monitor water. We're lucky to have Dan Franklin from Muriota here to share with us the progress that's been made in this area and also to work through some of the challenges they've had to overcome in terms of functionality and that sort of thing to maximise the opportunity to use this sort of connectivity to monitor our water supplies. It's great to have so many people here today and thank you very much for attending. All right, so a little bit about our presenter, we've sort of got two presenters today, myself and Dan. I'll be giving you a little bit of context about where the world is at and why organisations like Muriota are emerging. So Dan is an accomplished senior account manager at Muriota and Muriota is a great Australian success story in terms of embracing this challenge of new satellite connectivity that's emerging. So Dan's got over 15 years of experience in the technology industry. He's passionate about driving innovation and digital transformation for Muriota's ecosystem of partners and establishing himself as a trusted advisor and strategic partner. Muriota itself was founded in 2015, so not that long ago, to revolutionise the IoT through simple secure and affordable access to data anywhere using advanced direct-to-satellite technology. Muriota IP covers all aspects of end-to-end solution, edge satellite and cloud, and Dan will help clarify what some of those terms mean in his presentation. But Dan, many thanks for joining us today. Thank you very much. And apologies that my camera's not transmitting, but at least we can see you, Dan. Before we charge into the details, we love your questions and thanks very much for the early bird questions that have already been sent through. Dan will do his best to answer these questions. Obviously, there'll be other questions that will come to mind during the presentation. Please use the Q&A button at the top of your screen. Type in your question and I will read those questions to Dan at the end of the presentation. Before we get into things, I would like to acknowledge the traditional owners and custodians at the land in which we meet today, the Buna Rong people of the Kulin Nation. I also pay my respects to their elders, past and present. Why does HydroTerror run these webinars? Well, we're passionate about sharing knowledge. We like to facilitate education. I think it's really important that we're sharing knowledge on technology. It's such a growing area and evolving area as is environmental management itself. So that's really what drives our motivation there. And we like to lead industry in terms of helping to make you aware of emerging technologies and their application. And certainly today's topic is profound in the way that it is transformative for these new satellite networks and how we can use them to monitor water. Okay. So what's it all about? And is this really new? Well, we've been doing it for a long time and we ran a webinar back in 2021 with Matt Saunders from UniData. If you want to have a look at that, you can go onto our website and see that that provides you with a bit of background. But for a long time we've needed to transfer sensor data into central computers. And for a long time we've been using various telemetry options. We used to call it telemetry. Now with these days we call it IoT. If you come from an IoT world you love embracing the term IoT. If you come more from traditional instrumentation into things like calling it telemetry. Obviously there's more functionality in the world of IoT with all the software that's been developed. At the end of the day from an instrumentation point of view we're trying to get information from sensors through a telemetry network and into a centralized data storage and computer. So what are the elements of these two limited networks? We've got instruments and sensors which ultimately are measuring those parameters that we need to decide are important. Typically we have a data logger that's consolidating those measurements to some degree. Then we have a communication system which is really important in the context of today's discussion. Somehow we need to communicate with these telemetry networks or these telecommunications platforms. And finally we need the data to come out of those and come into a centralized computer. So the world of companies like Myriota are trying to make that journey pretty seamless and to work with integrators who can assemble and put those systems in the ground. And that's part of what Hydrotera does on a daily basis is work with industry to help put those sort of networks together. Couple of terms that are important to understand what a network server is. So that handles those communications and the data flow. And we have application servers which is more about displaying the actual data so you can see it. In terms of just a bit of context around telemetry, well there's obviously many telemetry options and certainly a lot of our customers require some advice on which options to run with. There's a general trend towards lower costs which is a good thing. But there's also more complexity with the number of choices. Some of those choices are sort of listed below. You know for a while there Laura Wann was really seen as the thing with the smart cities networks that was going to change the world. Then the cellular networks started to really drop their prices and people started thinking well there's more support with those. And then the satellite side of things has really gone through a revolution where previously it was probably considered the expensive option to use. But these days the price is coming down. So what are our satellite options? Okay so back in the day in the old days sort of the first big satellites that were put up were known as geostationary satellites. And if you have a look at that previous webinar we held with Unidata there's pretty good explanation that Matt Saunders put together from Unidata. These ones they really orbit the earth a long way out you know sort of up to 50,000 kilometres out and they're what we call geostationary satellites. And they are really orbiting the earth around the equator. And you can actually use them in a lot of good situations but where you run into trouble is where you have sort of bumpy terrain like that picture on the left there. So you can get into a situation where it doesn't matter where your receiver is in that valley it can't see that signal from that geostationary satellite. So there's been a revolution that's been happening I'm going to show you a slide at the number of these satellites in a minute. But this revolution has been around these low earth orbit satellites so these ones are nowhere near as far out and they're becoming smaller and smaller in size. So if you look at compare the altitude that these things are spinning at. These ones are less than 1000 kilometres above the earth might sound like a long way away but it's nothing versus you know that sort of 50,000 to 35,000 kilometres away that the geostationary satellites are at. And these lower earth orbit satellites they go around the earth rapidly. So in one day you'll typically have about 11 orbits per day versus those geostationary satellites which are going around the earth at the same speed as the earth's rotation so effectively they're stationary. Why is that a good thing? If you look at this schematic and you see these low earth orbit satellites it means because they're doing multiple pass overs and there's lots of them up there you've got a better chance of communicating with them in this sort of more bumpy terrain. So in summary, we're getting better coverage for our satellite communications. In terms of support for these networks, they've both got good support right so they're both managed. It's a bit like when you sign up for a SIM card you've got a managed SIM, well it's the same deal with these satellite networks. So really from that side of things, there's not much that differentiates them between the geostationary and these lower earth orbit networks. They both have network management, they've typically got big companies behind them that manage those networks for us, which is good because it's a complicated technology space. In terms of pricing, the low earth orbit satellite networks are coming down significantly in price. Why? Well, they're small and you can put a lot up in space on, you know, less number of rockets. So we are now in a situation where we're getting, if you look at the sort of size scales for those with some definitions that we found of size of satellites. A lot of these satellites that we're sort of talking about today are what we would call nanosatellites, so one to 10 kilos. One of the networks that's growing quite rapidly at the moment is Swarm, for example, and that photo off their website just gives you an idea of the size of their satellites. So really, they're very small and, you know, we are putting lots and lots of them up in space. How many? I hear you ask. So, this is a, this schematic and, sorry, I, the reference to that is just listed off the top there. If you look at the sort of blend of who's actually pumping satellites out into space, you know, look over there, this is really a split of who's owned them. A lot of them in the past were sort of owned by governments and universities and research organisations. But then around 2013, we really started to see a shift towards companies, private companies, prices getting involved in these Leo networks or these nanosatellite networks. And you can see there has really been an explosion in the number of satellites out there since about 2013 and it's continuing to grow. So, significant numbers of satellites being launched every year. Why is that important? Well, it means the world's changing. It means there's opportunities emerging with that change. So, in terms of these Leo networks, there's a great opportunity to lever off this additional coverage to improve how we monitor water. So, who are these companies who've been putting all this effort into getting satellites? Well, one of them is myriota. They're a pretty small part of this graph. In fact, I can't quite see them. Others who are growing or launching lots and lots are, for example, Swarm, for example, who've got lots of satellites out there. It's fair to say that there's lots of companies putting these up into space and there's a bit of a race going on. So, really the purpose of my introduction was to try and clarify to the audience what's changed and why there's an opportunity. So, the Leo coverage is up. Okay, lots and lots of satellites going up and the costs to actually access those networks are coming down. Now, that's part of the opportunity, but the complexity comes with this, that there's different sorts of capacities on these networks to take certain sizes of packets of data that you might want to send up. There's limitations on the frequency that you can send these things. So, when you're choosing which networks to use and that sort of thing, it's best to give us a call and we can run through those options together. But the world has changed in terms of the lights has changed a lot since we presented to you in 2021 in terms of these Leo satellites. So, a good opportunity to be considered. So, one organization that's really embraced this opportunity is Miriota and it's an interesting Australian story of how Australian companies managed to get some government backing and really embrace this opportunity. So, the race is on. Miriota is embracing that race, which is how can we use, you know, sensor networks, particularly in this case for this topic internally also like networks and then display that data or share that data back to the clients that made it in an efficient way. And you'll see from Dan's presentation that there's a bit involved in actually achieving them. So, without further ado, I'd like to pass over to Dan, who can continue the presentation. Well, thanks for the introduction, Richard. It's quite a very index. So, I've been with Miriota for 12 months now. You are right in terms of satellites up in the sky. We are we are lower than some of the others out there but we're, we're not necessarily a satellite company. We utilize space as a service for that but there's other areas that we can talk through later. So, with some of the environmental water challenges concerns that Richard's touched on alongside some of the practical applications for our connectivity solutions in order to optimize water resources. So I'll just start with a bit of a background and history on Miriota. So we have a deep heritage in telecommunications research. The first work, the world first transmission of IOT data, which was direct to nano satellite, which was achieved in 2013. So nano satellite, as Richard mentioned before, is that 10 kilos. So about the size of a shoebox or a loaf of bread. Some of the additional goals that were laid out and subsequently achieved were around very low power, along with the ability to extend both the global satellite and terrestrial footprints. So essentially it was about being simple to build, simple to deploy, simple to maintain with end to end secure communications, so simply that been able to connect anything anywhere. We currently have around 14 countries are enabled the service and more coming online to meet the market demands. Along with our patents and around the technology, there are multiple use cases in various markets. Auto monitoring obviously is a perfect example. It covers many verticals across that in ag in mining and in construction. So our vision statement, which is the core of what our company believes, that is a world that's made better through seamless access to critical data anywhere and everywhere is needed. We just skip onto the next slide there Richard, please. So we all know that water is what keeps us and our planet alive. So I've got my water here with increasing demand for drinking water and increasing extraction of water, be it industrial or agricultural use, the knowledge about water levels, water usage and water losses obviously essential. So it communications technology is changing the way that we protect our most critical resource of water. And despite it being all around us usable fresh water is incredibly scarce. And it's often in remote locations which fall outside of the terrestrial connectivity networks. So I'll run through you how we can solve the challenge of protecting this vital resource by providing it connectivity and data anywhere on earth to monitor water across a range of applications. This is from our earlier vision statement. Our mission is to provide tangibly better outcomes for all the partners in our ecosystem, and we do this through simple affordable access to data anywhere. So just skip onto the next slide please Richard. Thank you. So before I get into some of the challenges that are solved by direct satellite connectivity. Oh, sorry, I think we're just one, can you skip forward one more, perhaps. Yep. So I think that's fine. We'll go back one minute. So before I get on to the challenges that are solved by a direct satellite connectivity. Here's a simplistic overview of how the mario network operates. So here we're using a water truck as an asset. However, that asset could be stationary or mobile as is the case in this example. So the arrows lead from the truck, illustrating two way back up to the satellite showing that this provides to a connectivity. So the two way communications allows for us to transmit firmware updates configuration and in the future device commands. So this means that devices updated as soon as new satellites are added to the network. So let's go back to that space as a service. So as these satellites come on board, we're able to then bring those on board for ourselves which significantly aids the improvement of latency. As Richard mentioned, these satellites are a low earth orbit. So they didn't, they're not remaining fixed on a single point. They're staying around the earth as it travels along its own orbit. So our particular satellites are sat at approximately 500 kilometers above the ground surface. Now we utilize VHS and UHF frequency bands as this provides the best radio propagation conditions for direct to satellite it. The reason for this is the VHS and UHF frequencies have lower free space path loss than other frequencies. So therefore we're providing more reliable link that's being created because the single stay strong for longer distances. The low path loss also allows for low transmit power along battery life. The frequencies are less vulnerable to signal quality reduction due to poor weather conditions such as clouds or rain or snow. Modules then further aid the long battery life by staying in sleep mode until our satellites are overhead. We use a store and forward protocol which cues the messages on the module until the satellites are within range. The module wakes and then starts to transmit in those messages. The satellites can also cover a radius of about 3000 kilometers, which makes it extremely easy to have a line of sight and collect messages when they're sent. To put that into perspective, a satellite over the center, the center of Australia would pick up the whole of the country. Once messages are received by the satellites, we transmit the data down by a network of ground stations to a network of ground stations and then the data is exported out by a RESTful API to be visualized by the end user. Next slide. I think the next slide should be fine. So we're on the challenges. So yes, before looking at the water industry specifically. Here are some of the global challenges that you'd see and will potentially be familiar with when trying to deploy an IT solution. So first thing terrestrial networks or cellular networks such as 4G or 5G, not currently currently cover any 90% of the Earth's surface. Depending on the technology deployed, you may have to install your own ground infrastructure or network equipment and also ensure power to these systems. Higher power demands for devices mean large batteries, solar capability, or potentially line powered solutions for long term use. You may have cyber attacks and hacking, which are obviously a constant threat these days. And then there's the time required to integrate devices into visualization platforms and analytical tools. So all of this can make analyzing the return on investment extremely difficult, or depending on the infrastructure needed, simply too costly to warrant the implementation. So we just skip to the next slide Richard. I'm going to go back to that earlier one on the water. So I think I'm kind of talking through that anyway, so that's fine. Okay. So how does the bill for IT satellite solution get past these barriers? Well, firstly, with direct to satellite technology, there's no requirement for ground infrastructure. You simply install the device and let it do its work. Tank and ground water monitoring to trough and river monitoring. The network and connectivity provides a low cost, low power and secure network anywhere on the earth's surface again utilizing the low earth or the satellites. So the design of our particular network means there is less power required to transmit the data. So again, giving that long battery life. So that's a bit of perspective from two standard double a lithium batteries, which you can buy from your local Bunnings or high store hardware store. You could expect to receive five plus years of life on a device. On the security front, we built an encryption from the module to the myriad of cloud and then from the cloud to the endpoint destination, the solution is built around zero trust. And the data delivery make the integration to the visualization platform nice and easy. All of this presents an affordable low maintenance ease of installation package to counter the challenging the challenge of sourcing critical data from any location. Next slide please. So when looking at the challenges specific to water, there are some key points to identify. There are some issues that some of this is reiterating what Richard said, but many usable freshwater sources are located in remote areas and outside of trust arrange. They're off the grid, and they become a significant challenge to monitor. And again, I think Richard touched on a few of these statistics, but they're key to point a UNICEF reported by 2025. The global population will be living in areas facing water scarcity, which is a really distressing figure to be presented with. And as reported by national grid geographic, only 3% of global water is fresh water. And most of that 3% is in glaciers, permafrost or underground, meaning that only 1% of it can actually be utilized for drinking water. We then have the agriculture industry, which utilizes about 70% of the world's accessible fresh water. Some 16% of this is wasted due to leaky irrigation systems and inefficient application methods. As well as this we have the cultivation of crops that are often too thirsty for the environment which they're grown. If we then add into this type of business margins, it means that every drop of lost water counts. But as we all know, with every challenge comes an opportunity. And in highlighting the many, many challenges that facing the water industry. You can turn your focus to solutions that both protect this resource and create substantial business opportunities. So as a capital intensive industry, water management must pay close attention to the utilization of water and the performance of the equipment that is relied on. Through Satellite IoT technologies, they can present the opportunity for massive economic growth, as well as resource sustainability. With satellites covering the globe, remote areas are no longer a challenge. With monitoring in place, the ability to eliminate global water loss, which as reported by the Department of Built Environment Finland accounts for an estimated cost of $39 billion US each year. And according to Bloomberg, by 2027, the IoT enabled smart water metering industry will be worth $6.4 billion USD. So needless to say, automating water metering represents significant benefits for a range of industries operating across a large, geographically dispersed locations. And another start here that National Geographic reported that 99% of usable water is underground. This mostly untapped resource must be utilized in a sustainable way. And Satellite IoT connectivity enables that with access to reliable, more frequent data. So based on the combination of anywhere connectivity and sensors with big data and AI technologies, the water utility operators, farmers, companies in general, all have the ability to achieve less waste, less consumption, and improve management of this precious resource. So here we have some examples of what monitoring via myriota or other direct to satellite providers can do for the water industry. So we have location monitoring, particularly on mobile assets, emergency pumps, mobile water tanks, which can provide data for position on maps, location reports, insights on usage and optimization of resources. You can receive non critical notification, so assets have been moved for their intended location, or helps reduce theft of temporary pumps or remote equipment that can often be misplaced. Solutions are available to the entire water system. So whether that's being for tank and dam levels for monitoring tank and dam levels, be it pump efficiency, monitoring rainfall, water metering, grain water usage and water quality too. So the additional information provided by these remote devices can help with the increase in regulation and compliance, providing more accurate and readily available trend data on various water usage. Having the ability to monitor for contamination or pollution in a remote location that otherwise may not be known for extended periods of time proves added safeguards to clean water and help to minimize any impact. Again, a key component of all is that all of this can be achieved at low cost compared to traditional satellite options for an industry of ever increasing costs and tight profit margins. So now jump into a couple of particularly use cases. Thank you. So firstly, here we have grown false. Grown false is the largest pump manufacturer in the world today. Many of their pumps are in many diverse and remote locations around the globe. Murio to work with grown false to create a solar connect tank and solar connect monitors, which also include a data visualization application. These are durable sensor units that are built to withstand some of the most harsh and remote environments that water is found and used in. This is a simple plug and play product that close the dialogue. So through our connectivity, we can provide end to end oversight of the pump status, the pump volume and the tank level, all being carried out remotely and without any cellular connection or infrastructure. The device is received the data and then use edge computed computing to send that data from any location. Some of the pain points that are faced and how they were resolved. So the farmers struggle with labor shortages, which have a major impact on how they prioritize their work and monitor cube resources. We were required a solution to freed up labor to be best utilized elsewhere on the farm. So the solar connect devices solve this by sending the data to a simple easy to use app, providing the exact information daily to the farmer without a trip to the remote side. Without this reliable data on the performance of their water systems, farmers may not know for some time if there are issues with the water supply. Now has complete peace of mind knowing the pump is working and performing. They can see the flow rates, the power from the solar panels, the runtime of the pump, and now they need to visit the pump for any regular maintenance or if they see that problems occurred to make all this happen. The installation has to be simple. The device with the pump we built connects for a couple of wires to the existing pump and as processing module then raise the data and packages are up to send. The low cost device is also self contained with low power usage runs on a couple of AA couple adult yes AA batteries lithium batteries for up to five years. To provide a real life scenario of this, we had a farmer that installed a similar product to monitor the animals water troughs using a tank monitoring device and a sensor. After a few days of influencing it, the farmer had an alert that the trough was empty. As he recently been out to site assume the device was faulty initiatives going to call us to complain. He didn't first go out to check the trough. It was in fact empty as the pump had stopped working. After him this was a simple fix to get the water flowing. However, as ordinarily he'd only have checked those troughs every two weeks or so, had he not received the alert with no water his animals would have been stressed or potentially could have even died. So this is a pretty powerful story to show how the access to this critical data can have a positive environmental impact. So this second example is actually here in South Australia, but could also be relevant to anywhere else in the world. So the South Australian Department for environment and water that they're utilizing a satellite data connectivity to monitor groundwater levels, which is a vital resource that accounts for two thirds of water here in South Australia. In the past, monitoring groundwater usage required a manual read of each ball to meter, which is obviously a resource intensive task given the size and remoteness of this part of Australia. To put that into context, currently only 6% of DW use three and a half thousand boards are instrumented. Me and the board information observation information is collected only a few times a year from a number of numbers. This data could be six to 12 months old potentially before a scientist gets to review it, which makes informative decision making extremely difficult. Now run through a few of the pain points that are encountered here and how they were aided by satellite connectivity. So if you aren't aware, South Australia is very large, it's very remote and a very dry state vast areas of this state or without any terrestrial connectivity. So with global coverage, it meant that no site was too remote and a single solution could be used for other sites. The manual process used by the organization initially was very resource intensive, which resulted in long windshield time remote workers and also with increasing fuel costs on the trucks to get there. The myriota network has removed the need for expensive manual meter reading. And while having a more regular data feed, because the technology is low power, the device can also remain untouched in the field for up to four years. So the cost complexity and scalability of terrestrial solutions by putting in place cell towers or gateways would have presented another challenge. And often there's no ROI on that type of investment. So we're working with one of our partners, the Department of Environment at Waternail has an automated satellite IoT solution that's been easy to install. It's cost effective, it's reliable and can withstand the most remote harsh environments into which they're deployed. And to add to this, new legislation has been introduced, requiring the need for more accurate and readily available trend data on groundwater usage. And the data that is now available offers this being faster period trend analysis and more insight into the water than ever before, which obviously is a great result for everyone. The next slide please Richard. It's been a little bit too long, but here's a diverse range of our current partner devices. Just so that there are solutions that are market ready to provide significant improvement and efficiency in water management whilst aiding environmental sustainability. And so in summary, there are multiple competitive advantages for using direct satellite connectivity for monitoring water, whether that be myriota or other suppliers that are out there in the market. You're able to connect anywhere on the planet with significantly lower power consumption than existing satellite options that were previously on the market, and also still potentially on the market today. And with a network that's designed for billions of devices without changing the performance of the network. In terms of myriota, so our network provides pole to pole coverage and orbits the earth once every 90 minutes. Again, as said with each satellite covering 3000 square kilometers. We're connected from the device always the end user. So we've no size of the data being sent. Nothing sent in the clear, taking a zero trust approach to the security means that users can operate with confidence in the network, knowing that there's no security issues and the data is always safe. I encourage anyone listening today to reach out to myself, or to Richard and the team at HydroTera with any questions or specific needs that they may have. Thank you for having me and I hand back to Richard to move on to some of the questions. Thank you very much Dan for that. It provides with a great oversight of where myriot is at and some of the applications that are well suited to these Leo satellites before I continue with the presentation I've got a couple of questions for you so it seems to me that there's what measurement sort of data so you know pond water level and groundwater level where frequency maybe you know three or four times a day seems to be the best niche for what myriot is currently doing is that correct or Yeah, look I guess to an extent that is correct so we're designed for small packets of data collection. So whether that is where is my assets, what is the volume being pumped, what is the pressure on a pump, what is the level whether it's threshold level measurements for groundwater monitoring for example. But yeah I mean currently we're sat at 48 messages a day that can be sent. And again that will grow as our network continues to grow. So it really depends on what the requirement is and how you want to package up that data to transmit obviously at the lowest cost available and being able to compact that data is as best possible into the smaller message bytes that are available. So whether that's still can be taking reads every 15 minutes potentially but then gather enough data to send in bursts as the satellites are available. So is it fair to say that this sort of technology is good for monitoring but not good for control, because the timing on, you know, to actually send commands to switch a pump off in response to, you know, an observations going to be delayed waiting for the next opportunity to transmit that sort of thing. Sure. Look, I guess for where the, where we are in the industry currently. Yes, you'd be correct in in that. But because as we work the network towards a point of, of more real time latency, then yes that will open up more opportunities and as I touched on earlier we are moving towards sort of control and my directional communication. So if the latency reduces providing that control obviously will will open up more opportunities. But yes if you if you're looking for real time tomorrow to be turned to turn off or on a pump, then you may need to look at other connectivity options that provide that but then there's the requirement potentially for other infrastructure to be in place so it's trying to find. What's that point in the market what's available and what costs. I certainly think it's got a great niche for monitoring those pond water levels like with the Abbey, sort of technology and monitoring groundwater levels because typically groundwater. It's never agent I can say that because I'm a hydro geologist. It's got a bit of time right so yeah well as I said with the with the example with the Department of Fire and Water you know they went from getting data every six months to know that yeah they're getting four to six messages a day so they're getting real data. Yeah. So just the audiences point of view where hydroterror comes into working on these sort of networks is that there is a need a real need to support these networks and as the number of senses and things out there grows and grows and grows there's a need to be able to control the alerts and things that come through from these senses. And there's also a need to be able to visualize the data in a more and more customized way to sort of make what you need in terms of reporting so that's how we working with these partners. Just going back to an earlier slide here to part of myriota's model is that they can't do it all themselves so they actually actively work with partners and it's great to see quite a few Australian companies that have built the infrastructure to allow this adoption of the myriota platform. Debbie for example is one that we're now actively supporting and that allows you to really have real time dam water levels and we see this good applications in mining as well as in just stocked dams and also in landfills for leachate level monitoring. And these solutions are modular, they don't need to be collected to mains power that sort of thing so they're actually a really good solution where you've got to measure that water level. And Debbie's done a great job of configuring a pressure transducer under a floating buoy for example. It makes deployment really easy, makes a lot easier than mounting to a rigid structure next to the pond for example, so good practical applications then. And so Piro's been doing, Piro's listed here actually. There are another one that's put a lot of effort into configuring for groundwater level. They're also ourselves doing quite a few options around that for connecting to these micro satellite networks from monitoring wells. The critical thing with the with the groundwater sort of configurations is just to keep an eye on practical things like what's the size of your well monument and how can you mount. You know, that actual RTU unit on the top of it and how do you protect it from things like stock and that sort of thing that like to rub against it or cockies that like to chew the aerials. Cockies are probably the biggest barrier to technology adoption in Australia. So I just wanted to sort of go back to this slide to show you where some of the good practical applications are already happening in this. So things like just to that point, Richard. Yeah, we very much are about providing sort of the communication aspect for our partners, then utilize that within their own sort of niche market or product field that they see as a great example of that. So just summarizing across here the applications that already, you know, micro satellites really open with our location. Right. What is there. So, yeah, the end product and the top left is actually a dual cellular and myriodes and network device so depending on where the assay is located at any point will actually choose the best available network. So essentially it's using cellular 90% of the time, and then when it falls outside of that cellular capability or availability, then it will chip onto the myriodes network. And what about this egg bot, what can you tell us about that? Yeah, so one of our pretty long term partners, they are providing their attack level monitor. So they also have a gas bot, which again is for the gas monitoring, but essentially again providing available data for monitoring water tanks that would only previously been available by someone actually physically going to site and taking a read. In terms of the rain, rain side of things so tipping back at rain gauge data can come into those on machine. Yeah, yeah, so one of our partners, Joanna has previously had a product called the go rain sat, which was essentially a tipping bucket. So the, yeah, farmers could tell if certain areas were getting more rain than others and then obviously how best to cultivate crops dependent on that. Okay, so just in summary for everybody is sort of technology I think it's really good for spot measurement data, the groundwater and water level for surface water bodies. It's obviously also got applications for tracking where devices are. Probably the most mature service provider out there. In the agriculture sectors been going out they've had a, they've got this well and truly adopted across many, many sites. We're actively partnering with the Abbey these days. So we'll be supporting sort of micro satellite networks for monitoring both groundwater level and surface water tank and ponds. And as, as, as integrations further integrations of sensors go will be able to add other things to that that they're probably that core things to look at this as a cost effective option for for monitoring and the costs of now the actual telemetry have come down so much that satellite is becoming a pretty good option in nearly any location really. Yeah, well, as said because the fact that you don't have the requirement for any ground infrastructure that really lends itself so kind of low cost as well. Yeah. So we had some early bird questions thank you for that. I think this one's related more to satellite imagery as distinct from satellite communication from sensors. How can the satellite image be validated with field data, but in terms of if someone's in the field and they're looking at I guess, groundwater level, it is possible to do a manual dip measurement and compare that reading with the reading you're getting in real time out of your system. Typically you can log on via your phone to look at those readings, and you can do a direct comparison there. That's the beauty of this connectivity right it doesn't matter where you are you can cross check what you're reading your last reading has been versus a field measurement, but in the case of the applications we've just looked at them. Pond Pond level stuff I think it's always good to have a staff gauge in there so you can do a manual check against what's being produced in real time. Sometimes it gets difficult if people are converting level data to meet his age and you're out on site and you don't have a conversion to do a direct direct comparison, but that can all be set up now in the way you visualize your data so you can do those direct comparisons. So that answers that question I suspect you are looking more for stuff related to imagery like NDVI and that sort of thing. Next question number two how can you validate satellite data given the cloud coverage. That might be similar to the previous one. I mean, I can kind of answer to this somewhat on the cloud aspect so due to the frequency that we use cloud coverage isn't particularly a problem if it's that cloud you're talking about. And the probabilistic algorithms that are used in sending our messages. So that going to the full science behind it. Due to the probabilistic nature of how the messages are sent is what allows us to hit our SOAs. So in terms of cloud coverage affecting a transmission, how much of an effect is cloudy weather on actually transmitting those. Yeah, because of the noise level of the UHF and VHF frequencies. They essentially, the reason that we utilize that is to actually break through that noise and take care of account things like weather. Things that are more likely to actually play into effect with our kind of data transmission could be something like canopies or being in ravines somewhere where you've got is impacting the direct line of sight. So again, if it was against a large steel fence or underneath canopies or trees then all the sort of things that we need to take into account when deploying a device as opposed to the weather. So as a rule of thumb for people deploying these things right. So it's a monitoring well. You can see the angle out from the monitoring well that you'd want to have clear line of sight to. Essentially, the most perfect deployment will be in the middle of a flat field. But we know that often that is not the case. You know, we have maintenance regions, we have ravines because we're monitoring water. So all that will happen is because as soon as you narrow that window, it just is reducing the success rate of those messages going through. So whilst again the module learns to acknowledge where the satellites will be passing and what time they'll be passing. And then it's because it's probabilistic the messages are then sent multiple times. So you are just as likely to get your message through in a more secluded spot. But what you might see is that because it's having to send the messages more frequently to try and hit that that positive send that it may impact the battery life. You didn't if it wasn't connected through battery and that potentially doesn't impact if you were going out so but if it was some of the cases like the abbey device with the AA batteries to have the most successful deployment. Yeah, you want a better line of sight and we supply all the documentation around kind of how best to, and you know, pointing upwards not down towards the earth is is better. Thanks for that. Question free landscape rehydration. What is the lowest cost of water generation remote monitoring systems and analytics software. Okay, so I think if we said what's the lowest cost of remote monitoring systems and analytics software. Answer that one. Big event. You happy for me to give a bit of an answer. Yeah. Yeah. Okay, because it is that it's quite a fairly generic question depends obviously on what's being monitored through who and with what. And again, on how much data so like, like most things out there, the more you require the more you pay. So you could be looking at anywhere from, you know, sense a day up to dollars a day up to hundreds of dollars a month with hardware that could be anywhere from $1,000 to multiple thousands of dollars. So it's it's quite a generic question and really rely on what the exact requirement in that particular area. And again with with analytics, dependent on whether it's a basic requirement of you know the ones for reader day or whether you actually need to drill down into more real time data. So that's a generic answer for a generic question but yeah very very but definitely lower cost and probably what used to be out there on the market. I might add to that. So in terms of costing up a system. I think that I'd retire as adopted is we're creating a bunch of modular sort of configurations and depending on the need. Now we'll have cost associated with those but it does sort of highlight the need to answer this question because what tends to happen is, there's a million sensors that will measure the desired parameters you need and you need to choose what kind of sensors so your decision on what sort of sensor comes down to the materials that it's built out of and that comes down to what's the type of water that you're deploying in. So the first question is okay. The lowest cost option that's going to last a long time is probably what you're trying to get at so then you have to ask the question well what level of accuracy do you want around that. So even the first choice which is what sort of sensor, it might be stainless steel, it might be plastic, it might be titanium. So it comes down to what longevity you are after, what level of accuracy and then you start looking at price. So to keep price down but retain reliability what we've adopted philosophically is less is more so we try to configure more bear sensors in the networks now so bear sensors don't really have a data logger down a hole. Quite often don't have a power supply down a hole either. So you start to simplify the deployment of sensors and rely more on the telemetry network we are to you which has the data logger and that sort of thing. So then the next part of this is really for a telemetry unit. How frequently do you want to send data. Okay. And depending on that frequency and how big the data set is determines what sort of network you should use so you have to make multiple choices here or multiple decisions to choose the optimum price. So I was trying to encourage people to think about what are they really need. So often people get distracted by specs and things on systems rather than actually thinking about well what's the measurement frequency they really need. And what's the urgency of that signal. It's good idea to plan it out first and if you can answer those two questions that drives well what's the cheapest way to get a reliable message out in the time frame that you need. In terms of costs of actually transmitting those messages. You've got to weigh it up against the amount of data you can send out at that time, but no mobile phone telemetry costs have come down a lot. And there's some global sort of cellular SIM charges that are incredibly low was going to say ridiculous. But take advantage of them, but those prices have come down a lot. And these sort of micro satellite options have come down significantly too. So in general, I'd say telco costs have come down a lot. The reliability of being able to transmit out when you need to cellular network can be more reliable. Finally, you get to your data visualization piece and we offer different levels of visualization which really relate to different software packages that are available that we can configure to. If it's part of a standard configuration then obviously that saves money because you don't have to do any bespoke scripting. So if you can get a modular solution that can be plugged straight in that becomes the most cost effective. If you're looking for bespoke where you're wanting to federate data well, you tend to have to pay more money for that sort of thing. So that was a fairly long winded answer. But what we're trying to do at Hydra Terra is offer both bespoke solutions and modular solutions, modular solutions cost less bespoke solutions are better suited for a particular application. How's that Dan? Is that a good answer? That's a great answer. All right. Number four, remote area monitoring and sampling for bores, flow level and tailings to AMS. How effective are Leo Satellites, e.g. Starlink? Dan? I can't talk too much for Starlink because it's a very different service and different price point to myriotus. So Starlink is essentially providing satellite broadband. So yeah, I'm sure for its use provides a very attractive solution, but yeah, it's again significantly different cost. You need to have satellite in the area. So a bit more like your old traditional foxtel, for example. Yeah, sorry, I can't get too much more of an answer on that because having not utilized Starlink. I think Starlink might be sort of not the example of a Leo satellite, but something like Swarm or myriota itself, I think they're very effective at providing level monitoring for tailings stands. I think it's an ideal application. Yeah, it's probably best used scenario tailings stands and bore levels. In terms of bore flow, I'm assuming you're meaning from a pump attached to the bore, how many sort of applications have you had where they're measuring flow? Do they just transmit total flow or do they measure, you know, sort of more of a real time flow rate? Have you done that? I haven't. I wasn't actually involved in the Grand Floss dealings, but I believe they're monitoring flow. I'm not sure what, whether that's like a daily flow, whether it's broken down hourly, but they're definitely measuring flow. In terms of sort of the cost effectiveness of that, again, I suppose it's come down to how important is that data to you and if it's being delivered at centre day versus not having that data, then perhaps that provides the requirement for you. The frequency you can send out at the moment with the satellite network you've got. So if someone was measuring flow and the flow stopped, what's the sort of best case they would, in terms of frequency of knowing? Yeah, so currently our licensees are around the three to four hour mark. We'll see that dropping significantly over the next 12 months. I'm more than happy to share that information offline. What about online? How much do you think it's going to drop by roughly? In the next 12 months we'll be looking to get under the sub one hour mark and then moving towards sort of closer to real time and real time for us would be sort of that sub 15 minutes. And that would be on the sort of our roadmap of the next sort of 18 to 24 months, I'd suggest. So the satellites you're using to achieve that sort of reduction, is that more about utilising other networks that are up there already and sort of sharing that infrastructure or are you launching a whole lot more satellites? It's a mix. It's a bit of a mix. So yes, we utilise some systems already up there. So yes, satellites as a service. One of our partners, Spire Global, they've actually successfully launched 150 satellites. So being a partner of ours, they're actually one of our investors. We've utilised them for satellites as a service as well as having our own devices launched. And there's also a launch that's anticipated for later this year with the South Australian government, which will see the first satellite departing our shores here. So I think we'd better move on to the next question. Dan, we've got quite a few that have come into the Q&A, so I've got to keep cranking along. We're a little bit over time already. You're happy to keep going for a bit longer? Yes, I'm happy. Thanks, Dan. Thanks everyone for these questions. So last of the early bird questions, will the new satellite system utilise and or expand on the existing on ground water monitoring network? Happy for me to say that one. Yep. So I'm not sure, sadly, what the question is here and what the specific network was being referenced. But if you're looking to monitor from the existing network, there'd be some level of integration required to be able to transmit via satellite. So it's not, you can sort of hop from one network to another. So loads of ground force, for example, we were then obviously they've got pumps that are already out in the field, and they did have some monitoring available on some of those. But we essentially utilised an RS-405 all along with our device, which has an antenna to then be able to transmit data from an existing infrastructure that was already in place. So in terms of sort of expanding on existing, as far as I can tell from the question, only based on some form of additional modification to what was already in place. I think that's a good answer. So I think if, say for ground water in particular, obviously there's, you know, things like state observation ball networks and a lot of existing balls like there's literally tens of thousands of monitoring wells around. These provide a good low cost way of getting more time series data from those existing wells and that can only be a good thing. And it's kind of really sad when you've got to do a project and you look up, you know, these monitoring wells and then you get excited that you've got coverage and information and then actually going to the records and there's no data for the levels. So I think we're expanding on existing infrastructure for sure. Right, under the Q&A side, I think it's funds from John Simons. What's the approximate cost per bore for CapEx and Obex that this would be for a limited ground water system? Yeah, well, as we're not the end supplier, so whether that was superior, for example, that would be, yeah, that would be a superior question or potentially a higher tarot question. But we provide lots of different options for these. If you give us a call, depending on the scenario of how deep the ground water is, because cable length affects hardware cost quite significantly, and the frequency you want to transmit depends on whether or not you need an enclosure above ground. So those two things really drive a bit of cost consideration. If you need an external enclosure, what's the frequency of transmission? If we can just use batteries and we're running with a modular solution, then they are very low cost option. But it does depend on the depth and it does depend on what parameters you want to measure. We'll come back to you with some estimates of operating cost and level costs. All right, here's one from Eaton Dan. What is the ballpark cost number for the HW? Hardware. Hardware, sorry, annual subscription, for instance, zero rain gauge and soil moisture probe. So maybe in terms of your annual subscription for what are your charges running at the moment Dan? I probably wouldn't divulge that because so it depends whether we're working obviously directly with someone who's looking to manufacture a product, then you get a wholesale rate. So it depends however, like 100T where they're providing the full end-to-end solution with visualisation, etc, obviously it's going to be a different price point because you're getting a full solution. So, yeah, again, it could be dollars a month per device up to a much larger figure if you're paying for a full hardware and software solution via an organisation like yourself, Richard. So, look, in terms of generic sort of numbers for you, if you're doing data visualisation and you're wanting to be able to do things like also visually portray that, so not just a time series graph and you're probably looking at about a dollar a day for that visualisation side of things, which includes hosting telco side of things as well. So just after time series data and an ability to send an alarm, then that price is less. If you're after us providing a support level agreement to receive those alarms and actually keep an eye on your network, then we charge more for that service. So in terms of the hardware sort of things, there's a whole range of different sorts of tipping back at rain gauges. In terms of soil moisture, we typically use something like the IRMAX network, which is not so suited to going through this particular sort of micro-satellite platform, for example. Once again, happy to take those ones offline and just get the specifics of your applications. It's a little bit hard to answer those ones directly, but happy to give you some modular pricing against things like the groundwater level, that sort of thing. Can this pick up water usage from the water meter? Yes. Good answer, Dan. Simple, yes. Aaron, fair weather. Would the Yabbi floating level sensor be suitable for deployment in, say, a tailing storage facility or process pond for? Absolutely. It has been and is being deployed in those applications. So we're using them for that and also for leachate ponds, but they're being deployed a lot on mine sites because they're nice in those remote areas. And they're easy to deploy because they're buoy mounted and the pressure transducer hangs below the buoy on the ground, sorry, the base of the pond. So the buoy itself can go up and down a de-changing level, but it's measuring the pressure above the sensor. So that's really quite clever. So that's for a yes for sure. It's a really good application. What is the typical latency time for satellite transmissions across Australia? Yeah, I think we've touched on that one before, so currently around the three to four hour mark. Yeah. And reducing within forward. Next question in steep gorges. So yeah, we're a bit more, a bit less. But again, it comes down to line of sight. Depending on how Steve, there's lots of caveats and things around that. And in some cases it will, it will simply be a test to see. It's not the ideal scenario to be an exceptionally steep gorge with very, very limited line of sight. And at the same time, if, if we're not able to get down there by satellite coverage, the only way to get down there is going to be to actually have some form of infrastructure at the bottom of that gorge, which probably is not going to be cost effective either. Next question, Aaron Smith. What solutions do you have for groundwater use and metering? I can answer that one. So groundwater use, obviously we've got groundwater level monitoring. And depending on where you are, you would adopt, you know, potentially this sort of satellite telemetry or you might just use cellular exact. We can federate that data. We can actually plot up in real time things like total groundwater storage, draw down that sort of thing, all those things can be done. In terms of metering, we've got plenty of networks where we to limit to various flow meters, whether it's to the totalizer or whether it's to the actual flow at a point in time, we do both of those as well. In terms of transmitting that flow data using a micro satellite network, I would need to check on that frequency and how we would handle that and give them costs to send various volumes of data. But certainly all of it, pretty much every aspect you could think of for groundwater use can be covered even down to things like is the pump on or off that sort of thing as well. So that can all be useful. Luke Peele, how are you Luke? Mentioned low cost a number of times. Can you provide some indicative cost estimates please for measuring tank or troughs in grazing systems and monitoring pump operations? Luke, I'm happy to provide them to you. We'd be offering the Yabbi option for tank level. But that would be the way we would be going with that. I don't have those prices in front of me. Probably should have been quite a few questions on pricing this webinar. So that brings us to an end of the questions. Many thanks to Dan for attending today. That's been fantastic. I really appreciate your time and many thanks to everyone who's attended today. It's been great to see so many people hanging on for the questions. Thank you Dan. Thanks very much Richard. All the best and happy weekend. Thanks everyone.