 As the world's population grows, access to a safe food supply will continue to be a global priority. In recent years, the world has experienced an increase in mycotoxin contamination of grains due to climatic and agronomic changes that encourage fungal growth during cultivation. A number of the molds that are plant pathogens produce trichothocene mycotoxins, which are known to cause serious human and animal toxicoses. This review covers the types of trichothocenes, their complexity, and proposed biosynthetic pathways of trichothocenes. This article was authored by Nancy J. Alexander, Nicholas A. Stover, April M. Stanley, and others.