 This study examined the impact of an insecticide-based intervention program on the elimination of triatoma infestants, the main domestic vector of trapanosoma cruzi, in Pampa del Indio, a municipality in the Grand Chaco region of Argentina. The study found that the intervention program successfully reduced the number of infected houses and the abundance of triatoma infestants. However, the study also identified several factors that could have impeded the success of the program, including the presence of pyrethroid resistance, as well as socio-economic and cultural differences between the indigenous calm population and the Creole population. This article was authored by Ricardo Esteban-Girdler, Maria Solgaspi, Natalia Paula Machiaverna, and others.