 This is mine, but it's it's here So I can start yes Let's wait one minute more Good afternoon to everybody I will present you There today three lecturers on scenario analysis and decision support for development of nuclear energy system with enhanced sustainability and These three lectures includes two lectures on the modeling of nuclear systems and two one lectures on comparison This activity is performed under the IA International project on innovative nuclear reactors and field cycles shortly INPRA The content will include the short introduction in INPRA in International project of innovative reactors in field cycle And then I will provide you the main part of the presentation That is the scenario analysis and decision support tool for enhancing enhancing nuclear energy sustainability And for each part for nest modeling and for nest comparison, I will give you the exercises On them including some kind of the very simple calculation for the all of those parts Let's get started with the introduction to INPRA INPRA was established 18 years ago in 2000 With overall general objective to help ensure that nuclear energy is Available to contribute to meeting global needs by the end of this century and beyond and this activity of INPRA Supports by our INPRA member states and now it's Accounts about 42 member countries and international organization INPRA activities is one of the IA Elaborated programs implemented for supporting member states for conducting and nuclear energy studies and To identify role of the nuclear energy in the total national mix Identify role means that to identify share of the Nuclear in the total energy mix including other non nuclear resources The main The main activities focus on four direction The first one is the first one is the global scenarios The second innovation as then sustainability assessment and strategies and the last one dialogue forum and outreach These activities are performed through the collaborative so-called collaborative project initiated by by the response and by the interest of our member states and They this collaborative project are relate to them directed to this four directions for example collaborative projects on them global scenarios and Innovations The the project on them now for example back end of the fuel cycle on them for example are Role identification of the role of the collaboration in achieve it most sustainable nuclear systems and so on in my Presentation I will touch only the one direction global scenarios not touch other because of lack of time So the Area or the direction or global in global in the direction of the global scenarios in Has conducted the modeling of the evolution of the nuclear system from Here to there from existing nuclear in the system based mostly on the light-water reactors and one through Cycle to the targeted or maybe innovative nuclear in the system which may include for example more innovative or advanced technology and close to your cycle with some targeted in them improvement of the performance of the nuclear system in in for example Enhancing consular resource utilization in the economics in back-end and so on As I said the this activity are performed activities are performed under them now collaborative project And I will present to you here free collaborative projects on already Performed already Finished this is the gains collaborative project or the global architecture of on of innovative nuclear the system Including thermo and fast reactor and close to your cycle This collaborative floor project and its participants Have developed a framework to model nuclear system including a trade relationship and applied it to a global level after this a framework was developed and It was applied at the global consideration the participants expressed their interest in application of this framework to the national on national level for their own country and so the follow-up project synergies synergistic nuclear energy original group interaction evaluated for sustainability amended and applied to this framework as a national Case study with some degree of them cooperation and innovations other is Collaborative products are kind kind indicator for innovative nuclear energy system development This collaborative product Develops an approach for comparative evaluation of nuclear energy system option based on the set of the selected key indicators and The application of multi-criteria decision analysis. It is an ongoing product But it mainly it Completed but we have no we have publication on games product Practically we have now the final state of publication for synergies the kind project is under Reviewing, but I think next year we will issue we will Have their publication Another project road map's project this project integrated the outputs of the Gains synergistic current and some other product performed in agency and in other studies and It has developed a structured approach for mapping the cause toward global sustainable nuclear energy system to be achieved through the two things through the technology innovation and international cooperation and I will all this activity accumulated a valuable experience and as in planning To share this experience with the in-prem member states and not only with Not only with member state but for all interested member states By providing them the training on application of relevant software tools And it will be organized as a new in-prem services to member states What would I would like to note here that this all product Produced not only paper known not only document of publication, but it they produced also tools Tools, I mean the software tools This is not very complex tools, but this support is the case study that member state may With member state would like to perform them and maybe I will mention somehow this tool here. I Often use Tom sustainability here and maybe I would like to Provide you some clarification what I mean when I say sustainability or for example in hand sustainability Impra Impra Has developed to the so-called impromiso deloade for ne sustainability assessment and Impromiso deloade defines the basic concept of new nuclear energy sustainability this Concept consistent with UN United Nations cause concept of sustainable development According to the definition of the brutal and report our common future Sustainable development is the capacity to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs and the Sustainability of Ness are within Impra is understood as a capability of the system to comply with requirements developed within them Impra methodology This includes seven basic principle 30 user requirements and more than 100 Criteria in the assessment area such as economics safety in infrastructure environment proliferation resistance and this management Basic principle this is the goal for development of the sustainable nuclear system in each area user requirements That this is what should be done by design operator industry or state to meet the goal defined in the basic principles and Criteria Criteria is a Cessar tool to check whether a user requirement is being made by a considerate Ness Ness nuclear system that meets all the criteria is deemed to be sustainable and Impra now is a tool also to identify gaps in sustainability of particular Ness and It's also includes The provision for father sustainable enhancement Some notes some comments of developing scenarios Scenarios on scenario Developing scenarios is very useful is very valuable for the Scenario analysis as it can provide a systematic framework for combining a lot factors and a lot numbers of factors that may drive future development as other System it I mean the nuclear energy system interacts with its surrounding And nuclear energy is a part of the overall energy system and nuclear energy strategy also is a part of the overall energy strategy So the potential role of nuclear energy Has be evaluated by consideration The all possible supply options including not nuclear option as well and are taking into consider consideration such far factors as energy resources energy demand demographics macroeconomics some Environmental factors like climate change geopolitical situation international trade and finance So national decision on nuclear energy should be evaluated in the context of them a Biggy picture for development of a country and As once the nuclear energy is identified as a desirable options The expert May may be interested in more detail Evaluation in more detail analysis of nuclear and the system and this is the topic of our presentation So let me go to them a scenario analysis for enhancing nuclear energy sustainability and I will start from their framework for nuclear energy scenario modeling include and this Presentation will present you the Main results of the gain and synergies project the collaborative project global architecture on innovation nuclear energy system Based on thermal and fast reactors including close fuel cycle as I said already has developed the Framework for nuclear energy relations scenario Regarding the sustainability and This evaluation is based on a set of the indicators in Some selected areas for example in the areas of mass loss resources weights demands for the front-end and back-end fuel cycle so fuel services and for in economics What allows this framework it allows to consider targeted nuclear energy system options with enhanced sustainability Gains not only developed this framework gains also applied this framework for the analysis of the global scenarios and Identified several global Architects with enhanced nuclear energy sustainability and one of the Output of this gains is also them That it shows short that enhanced sustainability Made it difficult to achieve without broad cooperation between technology holders and technology user country in the nuclear fuel cycle Back-end as well in front-end and maybe it's somehow the added value to the previous presentation where we discussed that innovation is Necessary to achieve more sustainable Future so the cooperation also could amend it this The influence of them or impact of the innovation technologies There are not a product synergistic product synergistic nuclear energy regional group interaction evaluated for sustainability has Abbanded and applied to this framework at the national Level in additional the synergists has developed a concept of options for enhanced nuclear sustainability and it Confirmed that the enhanced sustainability may be achieved through the improvement in technologies as well as well in cooperation among Different countries among the technology users technology holders and maybe newcomer country How then Gains product was agonized It was launched in response to a strong interest expressed by several member states in developing and understanding future's range of nuclear energy development at the global level and the potential role of technical technical innovations and international cooperation for deployment of sustainable nuclear energy system and And this might materials that I will present you in this Framework is based on the participants experience in Implement implementing the same as a similar studies At their own country at national levels or even at regional or global levels It was developed to investigate there's some global trades, but It in principle it's quite flexible it and can be implied at a national level to identify some issues some problems to understand better The pathway for the nation or national level By by they are moving from there here as I said to the targeted nuclear energy system Here I would like to present you the main or major elements of The framework how this framework is understood by the participant by the developers of this framework This framework includes the following elements nuclear demand assessed for global nuclear industry system Amadeus and heterogeneous world model architectures architectures of nuclear energy system view cycle schemes Matrix for scenario analysis matrix is the output result that should measure the enhanced nuclear sustainability and to To calculate to evaluate this matrix Experts need some inputs so this input I mean the reactor and fuel data were provided by our participants and This is also the element of the framework The very important thing the assumption they develop some assumptions something and impact Significantly on the result depending on the assumption you will have them even contractually result, but it is very important to And to see What will be so-called what if scenarios what will be if you have such demand or low or high demand? What will be if you consider implement implementation of the for example this innovation at this time framework or Later or and some others in some technical assumption regarding for example tail is say regarding for example in some technical characteristic in proper way of course and To perform such kind of the evaluation expert may need there some tools for this modeling and within the games product Our experts are used as their own codes or tools Developed in the home country or the Tools offered by the IA and in bra And maybe I will provide you some short information about to developed Within the in bra for such purposes and What also important? then games product developed the framework that includes the inputs Initial data the output the result The tools to module the scenario and also it applied this framework To the framework application to the some case studies to see how it works and what result can be obtained from this Framework as I said the all materials now are published and you see here the All publication you can find it in the in bra not in product IA website and To if you interest you you can see more or you can read more detail about this product and now I Will provide you On-slide for each of this element to show you this in more detail So here you see the first and second elements nuclear demand assessed for global nuclear system and homogeneous and homogeneous world model This product started in 2008. So this was the basic year for the Consideration of the nuclear demand The participants did not invite something you knew they only analyzed what already was in open publication in agency application publication of other Of the in the search as articles and in all valuable Reliable sources after analysis of this publication they Provided their expert opinion what we would like to see as a or investigate as the Nuclear demand they consider or the product considered two scenarios so called high scenario with 5 gigawatt per year of electricity by the end of century and the Middle or medium scenario of the demand two times less Two thousand five hundred gigawatt year by the end of the century and Why two scenarios? Because as a future is unknown nobody knows what will be so to analyze in deep or in more details The enhancement it needs to consider at least two or even three scenarios To understand How the demand May impact or can impact on the result on the decision on the indicators The other things I think very important thing the homogeneous and heterogeneous world model Homogeneous world model is often used for such kind of this scenario analysis It involves cooperation between all different parts of the world and uniform technology implementation In terms of this product it called synergistic world Often as the world is considered as the is subdivided into groups for example geographical group as was presented by the previous lecture But what Was there something new maybe added value to such kind of scenarios is the development of the heterogeneous world model based not on the geographical division but on the technological consideration Gins would like to consider the how the cooperation between the different kinds of group with different technologies the To consider this cooperation they now or the product are Considered free groups So called NG1 non geographical group one Of general strategy is to recycle used fuel. This is the Another group NG to non geographical group two With general strategy is a the directly dispose of spent fuel or Reprocessed this fuel for example a brooch in the group NG1 And the third group and just three group. This is mostly of newcomer group or the strategy is not to use fresh fuel This is not to use them their own Facilities and rely on the services from the group one or group two They Would like to send or supposed to send them their spent fuel abroad For a cycle or for disposal or even if backend strategy is undecided So-called wait and see strategy How the Nuclear demand was subdivided between this group because as I said It was the only assumption Assumption was a soul At the beginning or at the base year the engine group three is Has nothing and The total demand in this year is subdivided by 50 percent to the ghost of the group one and 50 percent to group two By the end of the century The suppose was as follows 40 percent in group one 30 percent in group two and 20 percent is in group three in on it on this this is only Assumption as I said we don't know really what will be But what can be done? We can to provide and this provide we can provide and this Was done the sensitivity analysis one the Percentage will change between this group and to see how the change of this percent will impact on the result Go further to the next nuclear system architectures against consider now in principle different kind of architectures and one of these architectures is so-called business as usual. I Think you already Hear about this and previous presentation This nuclear system is based on the PVR and HVR operated in on through fuel cycle and with the 94% of the Reactors of light-water reactors types and 6% of the heavy-water reactor starts and this Percent of heavy-water reactor is kept by the end of the century This is a homogeneous business as usual world The other architect is based on the also homogeneous world, but with them introduction implementation of the fast reactors This is based on fast reactors and thermal reactors and the closed fuel cycle The heterogeneous system That includes that comprises the group one group two in gap three Is considered as follows Group one and you one Has the Thermal and fast reactors operated in closed fuel cycle group two thermal reactor in on through fuel cycle and group three also Thermal reactors, but with minimal infrastructure Other architectures will so Evaluated and analyzed like for example our nuclear system including them Components of the such system as acceleration accelerate as accelerated driving systems ideas or multi-salt reactors to consider them utilization of Minerectinites in the system and The torium based reactors and related fuel cycle will also consider it Here see the full list of the Reactors and architectures Associated nuclear fuel cycle seems here. I would like to present you to present you Then only two themes Seems for once through fuel cycle for business as usual scenario and for the combined ones through fuel cycle We fast reactors and close fuel cycle in order you to Understand clearly when I will provide to you there for example some initial data or results There on through fuel cycle includes them two types of reactors like water reactors and heavy water reactors and then Front-end steps and back-end steps front-end steps include the Iranian mining Conversion in the Richmond for light water reactors there depleted storage as then a fabrication of the Corresponding fuels for heavy water reactors and light water reactors Then in Pp storage schooling storage and so-called long term storage for storing the distorted fuel and the combined On-through and fast reactors Nuclear fuel cycle schemes include additional here's additional advanced light water reactors But it's not obviously but what important it includes the fast reactors and You see here the new steps the steps of reprocessing of the spent through from light water reactor and from fast reactors and Recycling the separated plutonium and maybe uranium in the fast reactors And you see here the long storage for them For example heavy water reactors because the heavy water reactors is not involved in the closed fuel cycle and if necessary for the other types of reactors and storage for the radioactive waste After reprocessing here you see the metrics metrics. This is the key indicator And sometimes it includes supplemented supplemented funds for them by the evaluation parameter for scenario analysis Initially in premethodology include includes included for indicators But for evaluation and comparison of the system regarding to the future Possible and hence sustainability it was decided to have a lower number of key indicators so called so called it was developed as a concept the idea of key indicators and The idea is that these key indicators would have a distinctive capability hope for capturing the essence of a given area that and that they would provide to these indicators would provide a mean to establish targets in the specific area to be ready to wear improved technical or Infrastructure for statistics, so we need to clear understand what does mean if this Indicator less or more is it better or not? This is for we need to define the target for these indicators And you see here the table of indicators as the table includes as you see the power production nuclear material resources area discharge fuel radioactive waste in minor actinides fuel cycle services in front-end and back-end and economics and safety in order to Somehow evaluate to calculate metrics Expert needs the input data and input data sometimes is a big issue to collect this data to calculate this metrics is very Is very Not not very easy task we need to the data on reactors and fuel cycle and Those data were provided by our participants our participant provided to us those reactor types that we are interested in and they for example include the Low medium and high enough light water reactors heavy water reactors of different types Sodium cooled fast reactors of different conversion or breeding ratios They also provided us some data for some selected ideas in MSR for my maroxinide burning Torium based reactors I Viewed by them or either for the torium and plutonium fuel oxide fuel or the serum or uranium-33 and plutonium fuel This is there was that kind of type of reactors and he sees them major specification of the Reactors, it's the same for them all types of reactors and he sees them major specification of one of the fast reactors and you see that it includes them What type of data we need to provide our analysis? It includes the reactor net electric capacity thermal output Thermal efficiency, this is the only Dividing second by first every load factors are among Important fuel residence time specific power density every discharge bit up and Here you see also the average frequency characteristics because the main idea was to provide this scenario in enough simple way so not to consider the separate mass flow from the Core and from the blanking so they were mixed and considered as one whole but it not necessary It was done in games, but not necessarily done for national study In addition to this them fuel cycle data was provided and till cycle data is Is more difficult even? Then to have this data to find this data is more difficult than to find this specification Maybe they're simple, but if you would like to find them you may face with some problem, but if you if you will go to them If you go to them Our publication. Oh, you will find all this data printed there But what else is there content of fresh fuel and content of the discharge fuel? This is very important for analysis of the close to your cycle when you need to know The share the content of plutonium or minor octenide in spent fuel for their for the recycling and as I said and Said or a lot of this scenario will be formed, but I would like you to present a result for some selected scenario only to demonstrate to illustrate the possible The possible result possible metrics that I already show you Here you see the light water and fast reactor production comparison into scenarios in business as usual scenarios plus plus means that the scenarios is supposed to have not only light water Reactors and heavy to reactors, but as well advanced light of reactors or some more or less advanced characteristic in comparison of light water reactor and The second scenario is the scenario of business as usual plus effort with the introduction of faster reactors Here I would like to say that as a scenario here the scenario is a high scenario and The result for the medium scenario is something another but Maybe maybe it is interesting as a to consider the different kind of scenarios to understand the issue more clearly here I will provide you I will instruct you only this high scenario and What we see we see that then according to the scenario according to the assumption Advanced light water reactors in business as usual scenario I Introduced in 2015 and gradually replaced all light water react Heavy water reactor is kept as a six percent during all time frame The second scenario as I said includes them fast reactor it started from the from the 20 30 as I remember 20 30 and achieve And achieves about 400 gigawatt Per year by the end or by the middle of the century After the century this is both the break-even reactor through breathing ratio on after The In the second part of the century from the 2015 by the end the assumption was that the The fast reactor will be introduced as much as possible according to availability of plutonium then F Introduction is restrained by the zero breeding of the performance and so it's It's we have a sum maximum share by the end of the century and this share was about half about 45% by the end of the century and you see here the result Here I would like to present as an cumulative natural uranium Requirements of this high scenario And according to them Calculation to the metrics By the end of the century the total mass of consumed natural uranium would read practically 37.8 million tons for business as usual case but in Scenario fast reactor introduction Uranium consumption is by 12 million tons lower than For the business as usual, so you see the how the implementation of them or introduction of the innovation such a flight actors impact on the Uranium consumption and this is the co-dients of with the previous presentation But the number a little bit different because of there is this is the high scenario and the previous consideration Provided you the new in our terms medium scenarios So this is a little bit that the trends is the similar but the number is not there For example the conventional natural uranium resources that is about 16 million tons I will be exhausted by 2070 for the business as usual scenario plus and 15 years later for 2085 in business as usual I would like to present you as a another important things as a cumulative amount and spend you for both scenario as you can see The total amount of spent view discharge from the reactors for the business as usual plus scenario Reaches five point five million tons by the end of century but The amount of the spent view from light water reactors Can be significantly reduced you see the significantly means this is like red Practically reduced by zero Due to the introduction due to the implementation of fast reactors The yellow part belongs to the heavy-water reactors There is no any reduction of this part because according to the assumption heavy-water reactor Operate reactors operate in one for field cycle. So there is no any Difference between this Spent you accumulated in both reactor types in both scenarios, excuse me this I Here I would like to see if to show you the I show I have shown you the Heterogeneous global vote and it is out for the global vote now I would like to present you some there are some outputs for the Synergistic and non-synergistic heterogeneous world and This figure So then potential or fast reactor implementation or deployment Then blue line shows them Non-synergistic world and the red line shows the shows the synergistic world and You see that the global fleet of fast reactors could be doubled in the synergistic case comparison to the non-synergistic case and This would lead To the in reduction accumulation of the start fuel as you see and the saving of uranium resources and Here would like to present you also the Results from the consideration of the synergistic and non-synergistic world To cough is he see I'm this cough shows cough show them Plutonium accumulation in two in three cases. The first one. This is the Blue dark blue case. This is the homogeneous world based on the business as usual scenario and you see that in this case The progressive increase in plutonium in spent fuel Will be progressively increase The second curve the rose curve to the heterogeneous heterogeneous world model, but non-synergistic without any interaction between groups and but with introduction of with fast reactors in group one and In this case, we see there's some reduction in accumulation rate But in this case, there is no the full assault of this issue of problem. It's a assault somehow But not fully even if fast reactors innovation Will be deployed in group country who would like to play to employ to implement this Innovation and the last one is the curve green kill. This is the curve for the synergistic global load and and synergistic global mess Given opportunity to reduce plutonium accumulation to a minimum stock as you see This is also interested. Maybe it's the result So I would like to maybe repeat but it's important some the output of the gains project it provides then framework for analysis of the global architectures and These architectures can be applied and this framework can be applied at global and regional level But it also allows to Do something new to develop national nuclear strategies Explore cooperation or partnership with other country in nuclear fuel cycle Explore original options or solutions for nuclear fuel cycle And can light global trends and how they may affect on national developments. Now I will go to the Collaborative product synergies as I said this is a follow-up project after developing The framework and applying it at a global level the country Would like to apply them at national level And you see here the list of country more than 20 countries involved in this product and Expressed to perform on to apply this very work to the national study and to explore the similar issue regarding their national nuclear system as product Call call synergies. I would like maybe to clarify the term synergies with the context of them product or in the context of the nuclear energy. This is a Synergies are those actions that country or group of country May undertake to facilitate that means enable accelerate optimize deployment of nuclear system with enhanced sustainability and all synergies Were systemized in two groups first one include synergies which are essentially technical nature and Can be considered to win one country the second on comprises the cases Where the combination of nuclear system across country may bring benefits for each countries even if One of this country wouldn't be able to achieve So this is the cooperation So so we have the two Mechanism for enhance sustainability via technology technological innovation And why the cooperation enhancement? as I said the synergies synergies project Has developed the technological option for Sustainability and this includes six options first on one through nuclear fuel cycle. This is a Practically business as usual our scenario based on the thermal reactors and on through on through fuel cycle Recycle of spent nuclear fuel with only physical processing This means it at least should be two types of reactors and spent from one reactors Goes all out without chemical, but only with physical processing to another reactor type Limited recycling of spent nuclear fuel this mainly involved the thermal reactor based fuel cycle or for example once on single recycle of the plutonium in thermal reactor Complete recycle of spent nuclear fuel. This is maybe based on the moxed fuel Involving plutonium it may be the thorium based faster the thorium based reactors and it includes the closed fuel cycle of them recycling of them recycled project the minor actinides or minor actinides and visual product transmutation and final geological disposal of all waste The final geological disposal of waste should be the part of the final state of the Previous or previous options for example It may be a final dialogical disposable of spent nuclear fuel for on through cycle or other high-level waste Included minor actinides or infusion products or even only fusion products for the closed fuel cycle regarding collaborative enhancement The benefits of innovation in technology could be amplified through the collaboration among countries Including holders technology hold and technology user countries But nuclear trade is more complex compared to the trade involving conventional good Before before any contract in nuclear trade it was put in place a Agreement between country need to be conducted and that this may be the bilateral agreement multiple bilateral agreements or multilateral agreements Bilateral agreement is an umbrella trade and cooperation agreement site as a treaty between two trading partners and It should describe as a legal structure and obligation of the two parties Multiple bilateral agreements are several bilateral agreements Or multilateral agreement is a more a agreement for cooperation That is an umbrella trade and cooperation agreement site as a treaty between a larger state of trading partners It could be a ritual For example your atom What is important is that the preparing and signing of the agreements of nuclear trade may require changing national laws and carry out lengthy negotiations with targeted partners and it may it may take a long time Half an hour. Yes, I have Try to control the time as well so the Participants of the collaborative product synergists are discussed as well So how a solid basic for cooperation could be established and It could be established through the bringing Together decision-makers and decision-serial technical experts from member state institution non-government Organization nuclear industry utilities and so on The second thing is the understanding The nuclear technology developers countries and user countries standpoints regarding the driver's forces and epidemics for such cooperation and Finally identifying a viable cooperation option based on win-win approach to reach the nationalness sustainability in regional and global context What motivation or Factors or drivers should be take it to into account in this consideration Here's I will show you only some of them not not at all for example Energy policy consideration National policies should consider the potential to become a regional provider of energy once the national needs are fulfilled Benefits related to cost and application of nuclear technology Have to be taken into account and then a Development of a large market Would lead to increase the potential of country for benefits and reduction of financial burdens due to their collaborative and sharing efforts The sharing of the other things sharing of facilities and resources is So very important and the fall should be considered A radical collaboration Sharing experience on licensing regulation environmental assessment Extend of specialised human resources infrastructure sharing training etc Security supply as advance management in the social be taken into account The supplies of security is indirect connection to ensure NPP cooperation The management consideration includes the long term interim spend fuel storage and also the processing and recycling of spent nuclear fuel What interesting then Question I reshowed that then In average technology User country technology countries user country and newcomer country identify the number of free supplier As they guaranteed for the security of supply You have some choice What impediments to cooperation she will be take into account First the national regulation national regulation If still have a sense in the national focus on sometimes and sometimes prohibit synergistic cooperation with other country National law often prohibit accepting third parties ultimate weight for storage and final disposal In this regard it was interesting the on discussion spend fuel is it is waste or is it is it Resource the answer is very interesting the next as then a long term nature of Nuclear energy product and high capital investment is of course impediments as It requires a long term commitment in changing social political and economic requirement environment Political environment nuclear technology can be considered as a competitive Advantage in a region and could impede establishing a cooperation in my country mainly because of the tendency To dominate its region as a provider of the energy And at the same time the unavailability of similar technology can impede cooperation in my country as it requires the costly infrastructure and public concern for sure Radiation is the common factor for concern associated with nuclear energy and Decreasing of public acceptance of nuclear energy development, especially after Fukushima accident Could take into account as an impediment in cooperation in my country The public concern are transported in the level of public acceptance and often influenced on the willingness of government To the towards nuclear energy development, so the public concern diminishing will Constantly lead to positive reactions and better public exceptions for nuclear energy as I said more than 20 country Performed the case study within the synergist project and Among this 28 case studies 21 explicitly addressed synergists in technology 20 addressed synergistic collaboration in nuclear field cycle with a link to synergistic technology and Will touch upon the cooperative solution on regional or global level For the future nuclear system to be globally sustainable a combination of the various synergistic Collaborative solution may be needed depending of the Pace of the nuclear capacity growth maybe I Will very shortly go through the some example some of the case study not go in deep But on least and provide some maybe very short description to study Will to study address the issue related to the sustainability enhancement of several national of the study regional cooperation and this to study includes the first European Union 27 scenarios with the extending use of regional fuel cycle center consisting of of large hook and mellox facilities and Demonstrated proven options for the synergistic collaboration between nine your European Union countries This approach includes the light water reactors and the commercial processing and using of mox fuel supply for a single recycle in light water reactors and This study presents main drivers some the such as preservation of the natural resources not much but nevertheless reduction now in Musicians of the generated waste and Some economical data other study includes their study Performed jointly by Armenia Belarus Russian Federation in the Ukraine you see here how it was organized This study represents the user country new comer country and holder country and to show how they can interact For the win-win cooperation French case study the objective of French study on reductive waste transportation option Was to obtain an assessment on industrial perspective on part-time and transmutation of longer lived reductive elements and This study showed that only the transportation of all A minor of deny enable stabilization on The inventory all the time. I don't go in deep on the list to them China independent case study this took a study Considered the introduction of fast reactors but but in a completely different scenarios and they show the Positive effect of this introduction in the first case when China consider the then intensive growth of their demand and Japan in this scenario at least Consider the reduction of the role of nuclear energy of nuclear energy within this scenario But both scenario identified their positive impact of innovation in this different scenarios Then case study from Argentina Indonesia Romanian Ukraine addressed a model of nuclear power development and deployment in which the domestic nuclear energy programs is combined with participation in international energy programs this study showed Something similar and something different. For example, are you in China? showed that They would like develop to develop capabilities as a nuclear technology country The plans are to become a supply of a small reactors of Argentina design This is this study from Armenia This study considered the nuclear energy system with minimum infrastructure with the providing of services in front end and back end outside and they consider them so the Expandency of introduction or small reactors into the nationalness so Gains and serious product have found that Potential benefits for cooperation among countries will minimize infrastructure effort for individual countries Suggests around Suggests solution for spent nuclear fuel utilization and disposal Enable optimal use of available resources Minimize cost on to the economic scale and other factors However, such a collaboration a collaborative effort would be possible only when Assuring that related driving forces overcome the impediments some conclusion synergies of widely used light-water reactors with the reactors of other type for example sodium fast reactors ideas ideas MSR can provide essential improvement of sustainability indicators in the area of radioactive waste management Rational use of the soil materials and proliferation resistance However, our organization of some other indicators of the system and first of all with economics is required as a collaborative synergies in the form of the bilateral or multiple bilateral cooperation Would help spreading the benefits of innovation technologies developed in technology countries to all countries in the world So even country who have no innovation can benefit from the benefit from this innovation through the cooperation This is simple thing and some technical economic and political impediments in realization of potential of synergistic approaches were identified But understanding of the impediments and finding the pathway to overcome them is critical important to define them and implement doing actions to enhance Availability in sustainability of global nuclear and the system and this is practically end of my Presentation practical part. Now. I would like you to present some exercises, but before to present them I would like to show you this document issued by Impra Titled user guide for modeling nuclear and the system with message as this document Included now includes then detail Description of the tool developed within in-pro-projects for modeling of nuclear and the system and here you can find how the Message this is a specific program Supported by a can be used to model the nuclear and the system at each level But for our for our exercises, we don't need this tool. I would like to present you or to give you as an exercise But for three o'clock Three o'clock is the finish of my business. Yes, but after after exercises because exercises is somehow Connected, maybe it's made to finish everything Five minutes I will I will try to to have that 10 minutes for this exercise I Have presented to you some key indicators that shows them Some enhancement in the for example resources in span fuel management and so on and I have to show you have shown you then input data and To have this result We need to prepare To prepare to use some tools and to prepare to understand how it can be modeled and I would like you now to explain how it can be done. What is the starting point to do some model? First of all, you need to start from the fuel cycle scheme for your system for example very simple system with only light water reactor and to understand the fuel cycle services the requirements for the conversion for the For the resources for the stories and so on you need to calculate the mass flow first and here you see the calculation of mass of mass flow this This date if you find this data somewhere or somewhere Or somebody will provide you this if you have that that's okay But often you have no this and you need to calculate Here you see the Input data taken from the our product. This is the Left table. This is the data Unit and the symbol and see you see the Indicators that we use to analyze our nuclear system. You see here as the Name unit equation how to calculate according to the symbol and the result And here there's some for separate working with some maybe qualification so You will can conclude and in this case you have then this table Based on this table you can do very simple analysis but if you have this this scheme for each reactor types and you have the Capacity of this reactor types you can calculate more complex Picture with the necessary result So the here I would like only to show you some Specific to the nuclear fuel all data are provided in Kiloton or ton or kilogram heavy metal heavy metal. This is includes only uranium Mauritium uranium minor actinides may be thorium It excluded all constructive materials or some other isotope like oxygen for example This is only a shorter and the first Question the first example to do the same for the advanced light water reactor to calculate almost flow And to see Do you have better or those or maybe the same? For this you have this table with input data you have the table with the necessary output in formulas and you need only to calculate and maybe to compare and to analyze the light water reactors and advanced with some advanced characteristics and The another is the same for the fast reactor. So here's the here's a scheme and you need to calculate all these questions for this I gave a gift to you this table with some spent fuel content because now you have closed your sample and The table with equation you can analyze find or discuss them this question In something different from the first one because the input data is slightly different Ah Okay, and this is all for them this first time of exercises you need to calculate the Mass flow to provide not much more analysis, but my mass flow calculation of some extent analysis for advanced light water reactors and for the fast reactors and I Gave you there some example for the light water reactor. This is all for this presentation for this part and the second after coffee break will be the approach for comparative evaluation of Nuclear system I have even more than five minutes. Maybe I will Quickly, but that's all I would like to present you on the first part modeling of nuclear in the system