 Good morning, I'm Alessandra Gallier. I work as a gender scientist at the International Livestock Research Institute, ILV. I joined ILV in 2013 and I was in the CGI year before doing agricultural research for development from a gender angle. And since I joined ILV, I've been undertaking both strategic research on gender, which means research that really focuses on gender, such as issues of empowerment and so on. But we've been also doing much work on integrating gender in the work of other scientists, including, for example, geneticists, forage scientists, or animal health scientists. Since it is a number of years now, I would say that the CGI has been pushing for gender to be more and more integrated in the research that they are doing, that we are doing. And this is for two main reasons I would argue. One is that the recognition that integrating gender in agricultural research for development produces more effective technologies and better science. And also the recognition that this contributes to gender equity and the fact that we are addressing the small scale, most marginal, farmers, means in a way that we have to look and support both women and men within these groups. The support for and the push for gender research has had many, includes many aspects. So there has been a push from the donors and the CGI are all together to integrate gender in proposal writing and in the research that we do and to make sure we have an impact that supports both women and men, livestock farmers, in the case of Ilri. There has been also a specific institution in mechanisms to support the integration of gender in research. For example, there has been a strong push also to dedicate a percentage of the budget to gender research. I think we have seen big progress. There has been much more awareness about the need to integrate gender and of course once there is the push from the donors and also from the top levels to have gender in the proposals that we write and in the outputs that we write, there is an increased awareness that we need to do this. Some people feel pushed, some people embrace the issue. The result and the result is that there is much more work going on on gender in agricultural research for development. In the case of livestock and fish, which is the CFP Ilri is leading, there has been a very strong support from the management to integrate gender and this has included a number of initiatives among which, for example, the coaching of non-gender scientists to integrate gender in their work and this has come with some funds that have been made available that, of course, allowed specific study to be undertaken, new stuff to be taken on board to support with the research. We have really excited moments and it is also interesting in a way to see what mechanisms are working and what things can be improved. One of the big learnings I think that we have had through these initiatives is that we, as I said, there is more and more awareness about the fact that we need to have gender. There is still some misconception about the fact that doing gender analysis or gender research means having women included in whatever we are doing and in that sense gender analysis is seen more like an activist kind of activity. So we still have to bring forward the argument that more strongly that gender analysis is about social analysis, about understanding gender relations and how they can affect technology needs and also the impact of what we are doing. We still have to push forward the article that gender analysis is actually science, it is not just activism and that also in a way has implications for the way we collaborate with other scientists. We very much believe that integrating gender in agricultural research for development means really different scientists bringing in their own expertise to produce better science. So through these experiences in integrating gender in various non-gender specific topics such as breeding, genetics, animal health, feeds and forages, we have in a way created a situation where everybody is enriched. So as gender scientists we know much more about feeding and forages and the same way forage specialists know much more about gender and social scientists sorry that the new before. So we still have to in a way discuss better the boundaries, there is a perception that you know we talk about Frankstein's, we are not sure what we have created in a way, we all feel enriched by his experience but then again I've worked a lot, I've just undertaken a study on the Ololili system which is a forage system in Tanzania used by the Maasai and we were looking very much at how to the studies that have been done until now have been gender blind and now we are trying to integrate gender in this study of a traditional Maasai system for forage because there is a lot of potential in the system to support the forage shortages that is a major issue in their development in the dry areas of Tanzania and we have understood that there is a strong gender component in the management of the Ololili system and that for this reason interventions that work with the Ololili and for example introduce new wild grasses as forages need to make sure that they have a gender approach so that we understand the preferences for crops and the varieties of both women and men, we understand the roles and responsibility in the livestock management and so on and the study just revealed that there are strong implications in terms of food security and also in terms of livelihood strategies some families where this traditional Maasai system of the Ololili is not working are going back to more nomadic ways of life and bringing a gender perspective into the Ololili has revealed how women and men have different gender roles how they are facing different constraints and they are also accessing different opportunities affected by gender relations and this I think will help us address much more any strategies or intervention that is trying to improve the feeds and forage management the management of the livestock overall as we said with an impact on food security and livelihood strategies so but the result now the question now is okay so now that we have you know undertaken this collaborative research so I know much more about feeds and forages in Tanzania but I don't feel like I can call myself a forage scientist and at the same time I think that the scientists the forage scientists that have been working with us have been enriched to understand how social sciences and gender analysis can be integrated in forage analysis and forage scientists sciences but you know it is very unlikely that they themselves can call they can call themselves gender scientists and the implications I think too by recognizing that we get enriched by collaborative science we also understand that we need to keep collaborating along the whole process from you know the creation and the design of a project all the way through the methodology and of course the research and the findings and the fieldwork and the analysis and the presentation so in a way the collaboration needs to go all the way through as gender scientists we are not just support scientists where we you know we give the hints and then people can go on with their own research and integrate gender on their own and do their own publications so gender is science as much as you know genetics and animal health so the collaboration really needs to be appear to be a collaboration among scientists and the other implication is that with this push for having more and more gender integrated in the work that we do we are having more and more scientists coming to our office and asking if we can help with the integration of gender in their proposals also because donors are pushing for that and also to integrate gender more and more into their research and as a result we have the feeling that we are having much more demand and as a small team of gender scientists we need basically more support so the question is through this integration of gender in non-gender scientists in agriculture sciences in agricultural research for development have we actually created more social sciences more gender scientists so we have created the need for more gender scientists and I would argue for the second I think we have created much more awareness much more demand for gender research to be undertaken and for this reason you know we will need to expand our team