 Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to relatively cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. International energy relations have contributed to the globalization of the world leading to energy security and energy vulnerability at the same time. In the context of energy security, security of energy supply is an issue of utmost importance. Moreover, it is time to define the global energy policy model, which not only aims at ensuring an efficient environmental protection but also at ensuring security of energy supply. Renewable resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in the limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.