 Perivascular spaces, PVS, and their enlargement, IPVS, are increasingly being studied due to their potential role in the development of various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, load, Parkinson's disease, PD, and multiple sclerosis, MS. These spaces are found in the brain and are connected to the vasculature and are believed to play a key role in the transport of metabolites between the brain and the bloodstream. Increased EPVS has been linked to age-related cognitive decline, suggesting that it could serve as a biomarker for identifying individuals at risk for developing certain diseases. Furthermore, EPVS have been shown to increase in patients suffering from hypertension and other conditions such as stroke, which suggests that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This article was authored by Tatyana Shulyatnikova and Melvin R. Hayden.