 Welcome to Chanakyaayas Academy, I am Pia Kumari and today's current topic for analysis is Patthal Gadi movement. So, we will see this one by one, before that, let us see the problem question on this topic. The question can be asked or try to attend this question, which of the following best describes the Patthal Gadi movement in India, when Patthal Gadi movement are stone slabs bearing inscriptions to declare their independence from the state and central government. Patthal Gadi supporters call themselves the followers of Sakhi Patthi cult of Pujlaad, then this movement is spread in East India. So, whichever statement given above is our correct, option is one and two only, option being two and three only, option C, one and three only, option being one, two and two. So, let's see the topic. So, recently this Patthal Gadi movement was in news, why this was in news? Because like in previous year December 29, 2019, the selected, the newly selected government led by Hennan Soren decided to drop all the cases related to Patthal Gadi movement of 2017 and 2018. So, now almost a year later, the Jharkhand government is still to send a requisition to the court to withdraw the cases. So, because of this, this topic is in news one second. Let us see why, what is this Patthal Gadi movement and why this movement happened. So, the background can be like praised here is like Patthal Gadi means carving a stone. So, this is actually an ancient tradition in the tribal communities, especially in Munda communities, they carve the stone on birth or death of someone. So, like you can see this picture, this is the actual Patthal Gadi, which was used to be happened, like Abhisthi Hote, the original Patthal Gadi inscription remark on graves with details of the family piece. Now what happened, this practice, this carving a stone, this took a new meaning or you can say a new term after tribal activist former RAS officer BD Sharma, like now he's Homo, and IPS officer Bandi Oran, they actually used this stone carving to spread the awareness among, they like carved this like Pesa Act, Pesa Act, you must have heard about this on the stones labs. So, they started doing this just to make this tribal community aware of their rights. So, you can see that the stones include excerpts from the Pesa Act and fifth schedule of the Constitution of India, which deals with the administration and control of scheduled areas as well as scheduled tribes deciding in that area. So, before proceeding further, I would like you to know some basic terms, like one is this Chota Nako Ten MC Act, this was enacted in 1908, eight years after the death of, death of Kirsa Munda. When the Santhal Paragana Ten MC Act was passed in 1949, then this extended to Dunga, Sahidganj, Gordha, Deoghar, Papur in the Santhal Paragana region in eastern Jharki. So, the Chota Nako Ten MC Act and Santhal Paragana Ten MC Act, this act grants special protection and land rights to the tribal and prohibits the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals or the commercial use of the land without the permission of concerned Gram Sabha. This both acts actually provide special protection. Now, we'll see the Spesa or say Panchayat Extension of Scheduled Area Act. This came into existence in 1996 after the recommendation of Dilip Singh Gurya, committee reported. Okay, so Dilip, I would like to write here, Gurya Rukul. So, after this year forth, parliament enacted Pesa Act. So, call it Pesa or Panchayat Extension of Scheduled Area or Pesa, whatever abbreviations you like. Pesa Act, this came into existence. So, according to this act, Pesa Act, this actually ensures self-governance through which was not covered in 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of Indian Constitution. So, whatever was not in this, 73rd Constitutional Act, it covers Pesa. Next slide, we'll see what it is. So, now this Patilwadi movement, what was the triggering issue in this? So, we will see that this was revived to protest tribal land rights in May 2016. This time, the then government in Chharkhand, the BJP-led government, they introduced amendments to the Sota-Napur Tenancy Act of 1908 and Santal Paragana Tenancy Act of 1949. Actually, these both act, what they do, they, these acts prohibit transfer of tribal land to non-tribals as well as commercial use of tribal land. Now, the ordinance was introduced to sort to change that, what, like according to new amendments, governments could procure land from tribals for commercial use without the permission of the Gram Sabha. But, Pesa Act, what it says, it says that the consultation of Gram Sabha is mandatory. But, the ordinance here, it was talking about changing it and it was also talking about changing this act. Because of this, in response, stone plates were installed in villages of Kunti district of Chharkhand. This is your Kunti district. Why is it here? Because this is the birthplace of Darsamunda. Okay? That's why. From here, the stone plates started at home. Now, let's see what the effects of this protest were. The effects of the protest. So, the effect of this was that this was a reminder of the autonomy provided to Gram Sabha and the tribal communities as per constitution of India. Like, yes, this actually was the reminder of the autonomy provided to Gram Sabha and the tribal community as per the constitution of India. Because the tribals started to fight for their rights, that is, Jail, Jameel and general. And it actually spread it to other tribal districts in Chharkhand, neighboring state of Chhattisgarh, Ulyssesha, West Bengal and some parts of Madhya Pradesh. This Patnazari movement actually created so much of influence that it spread into the neighboring state of Chharkhand. So, because of this movement gained so much of mileage and a huge protest, in Chharkhand Assembly, they actually redrawed these two bells. Like, initially they passed the auditorium since June 2017, which led to the protest by tribal communities and approaches from various political parties. And then in August 2017, the two amended bells were redrawn. So, again, this effect of protest, what was that? This all got redrawn, the audience got redrawn, but after that, this violence continued. And this is still the case. For example, we can witness splashes between the establishment and the local population. Then in June 2018, this was the previous or previous crime which happened actually, the five women of an NGO who were in Khunti district to raise awareness against human trafficking were allegedly abducted and raped. The fullest blame leaders of the Patnazari movement for this crime. Then you can see that more than 10,000 people were booked for sedition between June 2017 and July 2018. And the movement was at its peak, which is possibly the highest number of people booked at one time in one district anywhere in India. These people were booked for exciting or attempting to excite feelings of disaffection against the government. And therefore, the local residents after this government took this stringent action, the local resident decided to boycott the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. I would like to say that Patnazari movement, of course, this is actually the symbolizes the disaffection towards government. But at the same time, everybody has this right to protest, but you cannot take law in your hand. Like, you will see that tribals, they were not allowing any officials to enter in their village, or this violent crime is taking place. So no one is supposed to take law in their hands. But at the same time, India or any state, especially Jharkhand state, which is already struggling with this Maoist problem, they cannot afford another tribal protest. So there is an urgent need to take tribals into the concentration. It's urgent need to take them into a mainstream. So that's all for today's topic. Thank you and do comment your answer in the comment. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon to never miss an update.