 All right, folks, we're back with more behavior beast. Today, what is the beasties topic? Sorry, I'm watching weird shit float in the river. There's a whole bunch of tennis balls. And then the kids sucky thing. Weird, that's all. Anyway, watch the video on salience and understand why I just went over to that stuff. So today, we're going to talk about today. In this video, we're going to talk about reinforcement. And we are going to talk about punishment. These things are so misunderstood that I almost just don't want to talk about them. But I have to talk about them. So you don't misunderstand them anymore. So let's get into it really simple. Number one, they're operant response. They're related to operant responding, right? So operant condition. These are the things that modify behavior. These are the consequences that we're getting at. We're only going to talk about two, well, really four things today. Or in this video, there's some other stuff. We'll get into that later in the extinction. Don't tell anybody I said that right now. Anyway, so let's focus on reinforcement. It's not reward. There's a reason it's not reward. That's because when you look at the definition of reinforcement, it has to change behavior. The reward doesn't necessarily have to change behavior. Some rewards might be reinforcers, but reinforcers by definition aren't rewards. Got to get the weirdness there. It's kind of odd. But anyway, again, I digress. So again, reinforcement is a process, sorry, the delivery of a stimulus or the removal of a stimulus that results in the probability of a behavior increasing in the future. The stimulus either added or removed needs to be contingent upon a response. In other words, the response has to happen first in order for the reinforcer to be delivered or removed. So folks, it's really simple. Behavior happens, reinforcer happens. There's a couple of different kinds of reinforcers, positive and negative. Reinforcers only affect future behavior they don't affect things that happen in the past. Behavior has to happen first and it will affect the behavior. That's what makes it a reinforcer. Okay, so let's get into positive reinforcement. Okay, now we're going to talk about positive and negative. But I want you to get the idea of good and bad out of your head. Positive reinforcement isn't good, negative reinforcement isn't bad, they're both reinforcement. The goods and bads go away, nothing to do with it. Positive and negative, it's mathematical. Something was added or something was removed. That's simple, there's nothing else to it. My phone almost got removed, so I was kind of a little worried there. No moral value folks, something is added or something is removed, it's that simple. No moral value, stop thinking goods and bads and since we're on the dark topic of moral value, punishment can be positive or negative. Why? Because you're adding, punishers are removing them. Why? Are adding, stimuli are removing them. Folks, come on, please stop thinking positive punishment, negative punishment, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, have anything to do with good and bad, they don't. I keep going over this because everyone gets it confused. It has nothing to do with good and bad moral value, it's out, it's just added and removed and stimuli. Anyway, what is positive reinforcement? A stimulus is added, contingent upon a behavior and the probability of the response increases in the future, or maintains, okay? It's that simple, it's contingent, you have to have the behavior first, then something is added, I give you something. Here, it's a phone, you've done so well young man, you have done all of your homework this year, you learned to drive and you did all these things, I will reward you with a phone, I hope that reinforces the behavior. Notice how I use both of those terms, right? You can use it like that, it's okay, but reward is not what we're really talking about, I just wanted to kind of make that connection for you. So, we're gonna deliver something to reinforce people, money, raise, all sorts of things, basically anything, right? We also want to think about removing something, right? So that's negative reinforcement. So negative reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus that results in the increasing probability or maintenance of a behavior in the future, right? So again, it's both reinforcement and the behavior's going up, or maintaining, but the behavior's going up, right? So in this case, we're gonna remove something. So why do you take Aspirin? Why does Aspirin work, or Tylenol, or any of those other things? So they work because they remove a stimulus. When that stimulus goes away, it increases the probability of you taking Aspirin in the future. I know it's a really simple example, but it works, all right? I put my seatbelt on to avoid certain things. So avoidance or escape is about your negative reinforcement. So we go into positive punishment. Punishment is about the decrease of a response. Contingent, application, or removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease in responding, right? So positive punishment, we're gonna add something to decrease the response. Negative punishment, we're gonna take something away. So spanking, all right, not a really bad example, but whatever, so we're gonna spank you, and that's positive punishment. We're gonna take something away, and we're gonna ground you, all right? The loss of social reinforcers, all right? So the loss of a stimulus can reduce the behavior. So positive and negative reinforcement, stimulus was added and removed to increase the behavior, positive and negative punishment, stimulus was added and removed to decrease the behavior. That's all there is to it. There ain't no more, that's all you need to know. Have a good day, see you later.