 The study examined the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nephrolithiasis in children. It found that certain risk factors such as urologic diseases in the immediate family, abnormalities of the urinary tract, and maternal age over 40 are associated with increased incidence of nephrolithiasis. Additionally, it noted that conservative treatments were successful in only 14% of cases, while more invasive surgeries such as pylolithotomy, sparing nephrolithotomy, and callicolithotomy were required in the remaining 86%. Furthermore, it reported that nephrouretorectomy with calculus pionephysis was used in four cases, and that a radical technique of primary nephrolithotomy with nephrostomy was employed for obstructive purulent calculus pylonephritis. Finally, the study concluded that metaphylactic measures should focus on sanitation of the urinary tract, normalizing urine pH, correcting metabolic disturbances, and treating any co-existing conditions. This article was authored by D. M. Makhmadsanov, S.H.R.S.U.Ltionovv, N.C.A. Baboev. We are article.tv, links in the description below.