 Okay, so now welcome back will continue from where we had left okay before the break right So now we saw before the break how to digitize a map how to import the data and how to query the data Okay, whatever is available now. Let us see some other functionalities now in a vector G as we have got something called as tin all it basically stands for Triangulated irregular network now this method is to be used when one does not have contour data readily available to him Like for example, if you buy the toposheet from C-Serve of India and on that say Now what do we say contours are not there? Okay, so in such cases what you do you collect take the GPS and collect the XYZ that is that long and the elevation data Imported into the gram-pressure software and you can use it for generating contours. Okay. Now, let us see how to do that So we open the module and open the vector file We select the layer on for which we want to generate the contours and then we will say generate tin The system will generate the Tin like the all the points are connected by triangles I mean triangles triangles are irregular and it's a network so you get a triangulated irregular network and once they are connected you can see when I'm moving the cursor on the image or map the Value is varying at the bottom XY along with the elevation you can see at the bottom of your screens XY and Z Okay, and then you can generate contours over here The minimum height which it has come across is 80 meters and maximum is 316 meters So the good thing about this model is you can generate contours right from 1 meter interval Normally toposheets you get it at 20 meters, right? But in this model you can generate right from 1 meter Okay, so there are quite a few options, but most of the times we ask the system to do it for us So at specified interval We will say generate for me 10 meter interval contours and Division factor will be 9 so say okay So the contours will be drawn for you on the screen on the map on top of the tin Okay, now in case you want the contours to be of even further higher Interval so you go back to that option again give the division factor of say 9 and say okay The contours will be less now obviously because you have increased the interval so contours will be less right and You can say this contours to your file Which later on you can use for generating the digital elevation model here 3d map in case you want to generate you can use it later on So there is an option of save to vector file and you can say save it as contours underscore 10 meters and say okay. The contours are saved. Okay That basically is outside the Ay ma'am. That's the reason it has not been taken into picture. Okay Yes Like but minimum is 1 meter ma'am. You can't go below that like you can't have contours between 0.5 meter interval You will have something like 2 meter 3 meters 4 meters like that. You won't have 0.5 0.6 that way Yeah Yeah Reduce level in terms of Hide any level yes elevation can be any yes. Yes. No brah Reduce it can be any any value ma'am elevation Then the next tool which is there over here is visibility. It's like Visibility analysis one point visibility So if you are standing on a particular point, how much a what what are the points that will be visible to you? Okay, so when you do that say for example, you are standing here all the points red point is the observer All the blue points are visible to you from that red point and all the green points are invisible Okay, they are not visible to you from this point Maybe simple line of sight if you are standing at a point if any obstruction is there obviously you can't see behind it Right same concept is applied here Yeah, it says 162 meter sir Ground idea from whatever is the actual elevation that so I do to show not the person's idea Then there is two point visibility where in you can find whether two points are visible to each other. Okay Say for example, you want to see this point and this point Whether they're visible the system says they are not visible the visibility was only up to this point after that probably of a higher Elevation the point behind it is not visible. Okay, and even you can draw cross-section over here profile plotting can be done Like for example, so you are traversing from here here here and here So what is the cross-section of that traversed path? Okay, so it will show you that as well. Okay, so this is what tin can do for you Fine, so this is actually a very small model. It is specially used for generating the Contour data right the next we come to the network module wherein you can find the shortest route between a given source and Destination so you open the file over there first Obviously for this analysis you will require the road network So say we have got some road network for an area. Yeah So you select two point lay for example, you want to towers from here up to this point So this becomes your source destination and the system will show the shortest path to you and What that will be? Okay, and in order to see how much distance you will be traversing There is this path information over here, which you can click and you can get the information no advice Like for example, wherever there is any junction So it will calculate from junction to junction the distance and it will calculate and show to you So at the end the total distance is shown that is you will be covering this much distance in meters Okay, of course, this is a state level road network. So that is where the distances are pretty high. Okay, and also if any Barrier is there in between like for example, you can't go along that route You want to have an alternate route even that alternate route option is there for that You have to create a database and in that database you have to write key on this path There is no way you can go so system will take that into consideration show you the alternate route Okay, I'll show that option if time permits Right and then the next option which is possible is location allocation Given a few locations. What will be their allocation? Okay, like for example in example Terms, I will say for example, these are the nodes where there is a Demand for a certain commodity say rise or a wheat is required in these places Okay, these are all Russian shops locations of Russian shops. They require a rise or wheat. Yeah Then the so they become your demand nodes now you will select the supply and what will be the supply centers They will be either go downs or warehouses where these things are stored. Yeah, so you mark them on the map Obviously make sure that the supply is less than the demand Okay, so we have selected five supply centers, right now There is a rule which says at a time only three Supply centers can be allocated you can have provision to allocate any material from only three Supply centers, so system will show you the three best ones, okay, which you should take So we have chosen one two three four and five of which system is showing you that one Two and three these three are the best ones for the selected demand nodes Okay, and then how will be the allocation? It will be shown with this spider That means all these Russian shops can get their supply from here All these Russian shops can get their supply from this point and these Russian shops can get their supply from here This is of course right now. We are considering purely ground distance Right. We are of course adding a few things like service area and all those things what my mom was mentioning them afternoon So this is currently what is available. Yeah, this is being done only on distance ground distance. Okay, right so this is again a very small module and Okay So this is as far as your vector GIS is concerned. Now we come to the raster GIS part Okay, so in raster GIS we have got quite a few options of which first we will see the terrain module Which basically allows you to generate DEM that is digital elevation models from contour data Okay, so here we open the contour data first say this is your contour data, which is displayed Yeah, all of your familiar contours are lines joining points of equal elevations or heights, right? So wherever this white you can see there you are supposed to generate the data. Okay, so we will say interpolation contour So once you do that, obviously once you interpolate what you will get you will get a DEM. So you write DEM And say save say, okay, this is the progress bar and save the output in that file This we are doing of course on the raster data So we go to that module and see first of all we'll see the data in 2d and then I will show you in 3d that DEM So the contour data is displayed first of all in 2d. Okay, of course the color schemes don't go on that They are different for different modules and then the DEM is displayed So you can see the difference, right? The one DEM is very in I mean the interpolated data. That is what you wanted, isn't it? For example, here you can see there is no data at the bottom. You can see zero value and on the left hand side You can see all the pixels have been interpolated. If there is a contour of 10 meter and 20 meter The system will automatically generate that for you and show you the result here. Now come on Let us see it in 3d. So we'll open the DEM in 3d display We will give some angles to it like for example, if this is your horizontal plane Which is holding the DEM. What angle do you want to rotate it in order to what view you want to have? Okay, say you will rotate it at an angle of 45 degrees Okay What angle you are looking at it viewing angle with horizontal plane? Okay, what angle the user looks at it say 30 degrees. Obviously there's a 45 and 30 is the best view So we enter 45 and 30 then how much exaggeration factor Like this is basically just to highlight your heels and valleys if any Yeah, if any a valley like if there is not much variation just to highlight them You are giving exaggeration factor say or exaggeration factor of three and spacing will always be one That is they will be drawn at one pixel interval. Okay? continuously that is So the system will show you the DEM in 3d and then you can change the color any time you want The DEM will be displayed. Yeah, and on top of it you can drip any feature you want You want any slope map prove it ripped over this you can do that Which again actually in the terrain module from this DEM you can generate slope as one of you was asking Slope can be generated aspect can be generated Relief map can be generated. Okay, all the three can be generated and you can always drape it on top of it For example, yes, sir Aspen means direction of slope what direction your slope is So we can drape you can always change the display factors That is you want some other angle you can change it else You can drape a map on top of it say for example, you want to drape the aspect map Of course, these are already generated beforehand So in order to save time, I'll just use it. So it will draw the drape It will draw the aspect on top of it. So with this the aspect map You can see how much the data is clear where the direction is you can see isn't it? So that is what the aspect map will tell you where the blue area you are seeing It's a very flat area not much variation is there and you can see those illuminated areas Here the variation is I mean you can try to treat them as source of light is on this side Contour interval is 20 meters. Yeah Sir comes at the contour level and when you make a digital elevation model As per your grid size it gets interpolated so that for every grid you have a height So it's a this is your contour From here he has interpolated and made a DEA Now every position has a height At the bottom if you see the values are changing here like each pixel has a height sir now Okay, so that we have interpolated basically we have done the interpolation on contour data and you have got the result Yeah, okay then in terrain again we have got the same concept of visibility Like of course this application is very much useful. You can relate it with military application Like you how much height should you construct your have your watch tower in order to see the surrounding area Okay, so We'll open the raster file first So now suppose this is your raster data, okay now you have you are standing over here So you click there and the system shows that the point at which you are standing is 280 meters from ground No, it's not here. Actually. It's not seen because you user should not change it. That is why okay to 80 meters and Here the option of floating height is given. Do you want to raise the height of the observer? Do you want to view it from ground? So first, let us see from ground. So give that give this value as 0 say, okay The system will calculate the visibility fan for you all the blue areas are invisible from that point and all the green area is visible to you This is simple line of sight whatever is higher from my actual height that will be visible to me And if anything is below it like for example, if I am standing here, I cannot see what is on this side It's simple concept now at the same point if I raise the height Obviously, I should be able to see less area, right? More area, yeah, so obviously the visibility will improve Okay, so this is how the visibility works. Okay. So same way we have got even profile plotting wherein it gives you an estimate of What will be the cost involved in cutting and filling etc. Okay. Now we come to the analysis Raster analysis like here there are quite a few functionalities. We'll try to see the ones which are more I mean more visually Highlighting, okay. So like for example There are like you can do algebraic operations on maps That is why this option is sometimes also called as you must have heard of map algebra You are doing algebraic operations on maps. You can add two maps. You can subtract two maps multiply Divide whatever you can give conditions like this if the slope is five degrees and The land use is so and so and certain category then give the result to me Okay, for example, you want to find a suitable site for throwing the dump from the city So it should be few kilometers away from the city It should be five kilometers or some x kilometers away from the river So it doesn't pollute the river and certain x y conditions are there So you give that you prepare those maps you give those conditions and the system will show you the output Where you should have it. Okay, so that everything can be done through this box Okay, now here is a I mean quiz time for you Now tell me of course this I do it on every year at MO. So I become kind of redundant to this So now for example, this is a DTM data. Okay, and I have got this study area So I want to have my output should be only what that from this DTM I want to have only what is there within the study area. So what should I do? What simple mathematical operation should I do? I want to have this DTM only in the study area nothing outside So what's what simple maths will I do? Will I add them subtract them multiply them or divide them? I will also give you a hint the wherever I don't want the value I've given a value of 0 So if you subtract 100 minus 0 will still be 100 What I'm saying is my question is you have this complete area and you have this study area Area of interest. I want these details only in area of interest. So what maths operation should I do? Output is 0. So 100 minus if suppose there is any value of 100. So 100 minus 0 will still be 100, right? Yes Exactly So anything multiplied by 0 is 0 At least I know I mean I was told that in maths when I was a kid. I don't know what you guys So anything multiplied by 0 is 0. So just multiply them you get the answer So you come here you specify those files Or don't take it seriously ok that comment there was just for little bit of I mean a bit of humor in between So we specify that file one after another and say this multiply DTM ok And give the output file as say AOI Area of interest And say save it Say ok And go back to visualizer and view it there So you will get whatever is required This is what I wanted So that is how you do Simple isn't it? I told you that anything I don't want I will make it as 0 So multiply that by 0 you get 0 right So those kind of options are possible over here Then we can do buffering It's like for example you are about a road network You want a road network ok You want buffers around the road network 5 km or 10 km etc So for that you go to an option called buffering ok You give your files over here mention your input data And then give your output file say buffer ok Save it and say ok the system has done it for you So now we will display the buffer map So which will be like The system by default makes buffers For the entire data set ok Now in this if you want only like 5 km or 10 km you have to categorize them 0 to 5 km as one buffer 5 to 10 km as second buffer likewise ok This by default you can see it has created for the entire data set ok Right Then we have got a module for watershed analysis watershed delineation So for that we are doing it automatically So for that the only input which is required is your DEM your elevation data So you specify that say show the map will be displayed in the background You can see it's got a very good relief Yeah you can see like the hills and valleys are very clearly seen These are all the valleys this is a hill this is a these are a hills And of course if any confusion is there you can always move your cursor over the value And you can see the elevation at the bottom Now obviously for any like for water to come out or flow out There has to be a way some drainage streams have to be there So in case your data is very poor it's a very flat area So in that case you can artificially provide a drainage map on top of it Ok otherwise if you feel your map is good enough for the drainage to be calculated on its own You don't specify this option ok now we feel it's not required So just say preprocess So now the system will go through the entire data and tell you that At every pixel you can have maximum accumulation of 3000 hectares At every point you can have water from 3000 hectares of area Ok now you specify your threshold Say there is an option of threshold here So you first specify say 500 Now when you say apply the system will show the drainages Like which will carry water outside from 500 hectares of area Ok getting it 500 hectares of area say they will take the water outside So now and the blue lines are the drainages And the red dots are called as the pore points Wherever two drainages meet a pore point will be formed right The water is poured into the third drainage So now if I make it as 100 what should happen The drainages will increase or decrease Why you are reducing the capacity so they should More drainage will be required you are reducing the capacity to 100 hectares At 500 hectares these are the drainages So at 100 there will be more because the catchment area has been reduced So obviously more drainages are required right They are actually inversely proportional So now when you select a point the system will show that At that particular point the water will be flowing in from that catchment area At this point the water will flow in from this area Yes So if you select this one So it will show for the entire this is the lowest point So it will show you the entire watershed Ok Yes they are automatically the database is also created Which will store all the values right then We have got zonal analysis Which will do analysis zone wise So it's like if you have got a map of say elevation Ok And you have got zone map like different thesils are there Yes any doubt Different boundaries are there like thesils Like that Now you want to find minimum elevation in each thesil Or maximum elevation in each thesil And you want to get the map automatically Ok Like for example You have got say this is your DTM that is your elevation data Ok elevation data And this is your taluka map Different talukas are seen So what I want to do is I want to get this elevation taluka wise Zone wise Ok so that analysis we call it as zonal analysis Zone wise you are doing the analysis So for that you go to zonal Perform first the zonation So first you specify your zone data that is your taluka map And then the non-zone data that is any randomly distributed map It can be your population data It can be your elevation It can be your weed growth whatever Rainfall data or rainfall variation So do that And the output will be stored in a database So say zonal Say open and say ok The system will generate the database for you And then You can say display So now you want to say Calculate maximum So actually maximum attribute you select And give the output as Maximum Say open So map will be displayed based on your maximum elevation It will Like here what it has shown All the thezels in black color are having Maximum elevation of 1100 All these cyan colors are having population of Elevation of 1000 meters Actually whatever thezels are of the same elevation It will club it together Like there are 3 thezels here But it is showing it together So that is what it will do it for you That's why the legends are there to help you out Yeah And then We have also got main max average So it's like You have collected temperature data for the entire year For entire 12 months Now at the end of the year You want to find the minimum temperature Or maximum temperature or average temperature So what you do You take all the files January, February, upto December Then you say minimize So it will do it will go through all the files Pick up the minimum value and assign it to the output So it will do it for entire data set So this way of course it can be used for any application of yours If you want to find the minimum slope Or say maximum slope whatever So you specify those slope files Etc. And get the answer So that is what raster analysis Does The average processing as well Where you work on remote sensing data So say I am Now here I am displaying a typical single band data This is of IIT I mean of course I This is Pawai Lake which you can see opposite to the guest house This is that Vihar Lake Tulsi Lake And your IIT is somewhere over here Okay This is that Thane Creek Of course if you someone is from Bombay They can relate with that This is actually a single band data Of I mean north of Mumbai It is done as single band data The data is normally available in multi band Either four band or eight band depending on the satellite Sensor And you have to separate them out for analysis Okay Now here if you feel the image is too dark You can do all these adjustment Like you can enhance the brightness You can do the threshold contrast etc For example we go for brightness So say you want to increase it by say 25% So the image will become that much more brighter Okay Edge detection Edge detection of course I mean I don't know How many of you have concepts about remote sensing But remote sensing is a separately another huge thing Like GIS actually But anyways So edge detection Like edge detection is very much useful in calculating area precisely Accurately So there are so many operators Prevails, Laplace, Sovels So whichever you want filtering You want to do for your application You can choose that Three by three matrix Five by five matrix or seven by seven matrix So you can see the edges distantly Right Wherever the lake ends Wherever there is a change in the value And edge will be detected So here it has detected the edges and shown to you So depending on different Filters Different edges will be shown Some may be smooth Some may be Very much that contrast can be seen over there Then filtering The filter The noise out of it And either using median filter or mean filter You can do Instagram equalization Negative White becomes black And black becomes white in short actually Okay Yes ma'am Legend no actually we are not displaying it here It is not a thematic map After you interpret only you can put a list Then you can do Of course we can do Band separation here itself If you specify your input data Then what sensor type you have What sensor type Your data has been collected from using what What rows and columns you want And what method you have used Bill, BIP or BSQ That is bill stands for band interlude by line BIP stands for band interlude by pixel And BSQ band sequential So I mean That is how the data gets stored Like band, what happens First line of the data Second line will be the first line of the second band Third line will be the first line of the third band In BIP band interlude by pixel First pixel will be the first pixel of the first band Second pixel will be the first pixel of the second band Third pixel will be the first pixel of the third band likewise And in band sequential First band, second band, third band, fourth band Like that the data is written So the system needs to know What method has been used for band interleaving method Then over here you can window a part of it You are not interested in the entire imagery You can window a part of it So it's like If you want to give the coordinates manually You can do that As you can select a window on the screen as well Say for example you want to crop an image of 100 by 200 Starting from the first pixel Say ok And give the output as window Save it And you can open that data Only that much part will be selected That way windowing can be done Then merging can be done But one side data If you get the adjacent data set You can merge the data sets as well Then there is an option of displaying False color composite FCC it is called You are assigning colors to individual bands False color composite it is known Like for example for highlighting vegetation What methodologies for it is 432 that is you assign fourth band to the Red source Third that is system will become Red color from that fourth band The green color from the third band And blue color from the Second band and display the Vegetation Vegetation is displayed in red color Over here with this combination Wherever you see red tone It is all vegetation So these are probably the Area near to that creek So mangroves are there over here This is Sanjay Gandhi National Park Borivali area So this is all reserved forest In Mumbai today These are all lakes They are all pure So actually nothing no signal is reflected Back to the satellite everything is absorbed So you can see a whole kind of a thing over here They are pure water bodies That's why This is creek It has based on its turbidity The reflection will be there That's why you can see a tone of dark blue And here it is light blue Of course based on its depth also Whether it is shallow or you know deep This is all This is of course new Mumbai area And this is all Vandu, Vikroli and that area So this is how like once you Do false color composite You will get this combination Now if you change the combination Obviously now the result will be different I'll show you that It's there sir You can do it So when you change the combination The colors will be different again So depending on what exactly You want to highlight This is what false color composite does And then of course there is a method Of course you can transform the data You can calculate principle component You can do RGB to HSI HSI to RGB Arithmetic operators may you can do Addition NDVI All these things can be done Under classification You have got two methods Either you can do supervised classification Or you do unsupervised classification That is Imaginary data will be too complex There will be so many gradients So like for example If it's a very dense forest The forest will be shown in dark red color If it's a very light shrub or scrub or something It will be shown in a red color A light red color So based on like if you want to Commonly classify that as vegetation So you can select those classes And put classifying basically You are manually doing it So that's why it is called as supervised And when you just give Divide the entire area into five classes That is called as unsupervised Artificial neural network classification Parallel prepared Minimum distance to mean end And unsupervised you have got K means For single band multiple band And fuzzy c means for single band multiple band These are the most commonly used techniques For classification in any jazz tool Or image processing tool Like LDAS or things like that Of course since it takes time I won't do that But this is it can do definitely Supervised classification Unsupervised classification And as I said visualizer Like both raster and vector You have prepared the data And you can take the print out You add north arrow, scale bar, labels Etc to it and you can take the skin shots And help is basically nothing But it gives you the entire package Module wise It will break up I mean the help has been broken Into functions, individual functions Like for example you want to improve DVD file So click here What all steps you will perform Right from clicking on the input up to module Right up to the next task So everything has been Given along with pictures So wherever you are stuck you can always refer it Map edit step by step Registration is to be done How will you do that If any projections are there What are those They have been explained What is albums to standard You know theory behind it What formulas have been used It is comprehensive to be Honest with you So that way for each and every module The help has been given So this is what the entire Gram++ software is about And if these are the information This is the information like We are basically now As ma'am actually We are marketing it through this company Called Google GIS Private Limited Now for academic versions The cost is 7000 per copy And it comes along with the hardware lock So like only if the hardware lock is present Only then the software works Not otherwise And in case someone buys bulk licenses Then some discount etc is there So I mean in case you are interested Then this is the address Google GIS at signitb.org Is the email id for getting the quotations And all those things And in case you want to talk to us And get the any information Then you can do that as well This is my number And this is my number So anyone you can contact And get the information So these are the email addresses Email id and the contact numbers For getting the information on Gram++ And of course our website Is also there Googlegis.com Where you can just log in And get the required details So we are like Thanks for your patience So what you do in groundwater modeling When you say Suppose you have the data And you want to make a Groundwater potential map A GIS tool can be used Any GIS tool Whether it is Gram++ or any tool If you have all Like in your drainage density And in your land use Slope etc And you know There is a procedure to Get the information In fact we had a case study And we did it today So making a groundwater potential map Any GIS package can be But you want to do A flow analysis Etc There are specific models Are packages available Like mud flow Mud flow is a package That all what they do They try to With any of the GIS packages Generally a GIS package Currently doesn't work So anything Especially for groundwater Mud flow is a very well known tool Which people try to Integrate it That is The data goes in a way That mud flow access The research come back Again GIS is used for Visualization He showed you an example Of water share delineation You just go to that water share See why in a GIS We put water share delineation A GIS doesn't do a water share Because we have to handle Only up to elevation data Why we are doing a water share delineation Because see If you go to the Things you know Overpoint And your options For showing land use But see there is a model called SWAC SW80 Soil and water assessment tool This is again a tool done by One of the universities in US And it takes It does everything for A hydrology person Whatever they have to do For soil and water Assessment for a water share But it takes data only in a tabular form And everyone can do Can use a GIS Delineate the water shares Get the data for each water share What is needed Send the tabular data to SWAC Do the analysis Get the result Come back again to GIS This is the way people use You just show the database it creates And when you do A SWAC model in a GIS There are some more things you need For every water share You should automatically tell In every water share What are the different land use Patents are available how much area What are different types of Sides available how much area Which is the closest weather station These are all done on a GIS mode All these data converted Into a table goes to The model comes back Maybe you can just show The table which we create Anyways you know GIS Helps you to put the spatial data Into tabular form Leader to the model and comes back The data base It is possible because You have the model You know what you need And GIS you should Use to create that data Put it to the model Get back the data which again GIS will understand If I take it a water share case See this are the data It is created for each water share And when you take this data With the closest weather station Even we have the table for you Four points Float and also stream network Stream network this is the flow table It tells you what Particular drainage starts from Which point and goes up to which point Everything gets done in a GIS Four points Data goes to SWAC And SWAC gives you the results In terms of again each water share So you use it and you make a market GIS That is the way you have to use For your either groundwater application Or for you or for any other Water share management Or maybe rainfall runoff All these things is the way The basic functionality of GIS Has to be used For generation of parameters Use your model and then get back Like this is one of the case studies Which actually we have done it for Actually WHO They actually wanted to Track or show on this map Basically what services are available For HIV AIDS in the entire state What all facilities are available With either local hospitals Government hospitals or private hospitals So this is one of the applications In the health sector What we have done using gram plus plus So basically what were the objectives Was to create the spatial database For at district and at the SL level The database was to be linked With the whatever field survey data One had done We are supposed to develop a health GIS Using the gram plus plus software Generation of maps was to be done And training the officials So that they can later on use it For their purpose So this is for example I mean Map of Maharashtra state And like the database What all we had selected Is what functions I mean what all he has got In that hospital And for example this shows you The distribution of primary health centers In each state How many primary health centers are there In each state of I mean each district of Maharashtra Sorry for that This is one of the Satara districts with village boundaries We have created data till village boundary level This is showing the health facilities In that district it shows that Then this is for one particular District Sindhudur It is showing you Where also there is a test called Allysa test For detecting you know like HIV So where all that facility is possible And where the number of patients Who had come for that test Were more than 5 So this is the result it shows And the result has been blown up For better view Then this is one of the Health facilities Along with health and I mean Infrastructure facility This is another map of Tessil of Sindhudur district This is one of the information About a particular hospital What all information it has got In Akola district This is again health and infrastructure Facility for Akod Tessil in Akola This is Some health facilities in Bandara district So then there is also Akola had done this application As his M Tech project So he did this So he basically I mean nowadays searching for A new home in Bombay City like Bombay is very cumbersome So if you have certain criteria And you have a map of that So you give those criteria And GIS will show you Where those pockets are selected Like you want the house To be near a school It should be near a market So for example he had taken up Matunga area actually Which is in Central part of Mumbai So this is that Scanned map what he had taken From the municipal corporation This is the bird eye view Of that place Then this is the typical Sheet wise map what we get CTS maps Okay For each division And then the data sources Like Akola The Mumbai city survey and land records From food like individual houses Information property information All those things Survey like for the survey The 30 to 70 years of outdated data Was taken And property information was collected From this website And then how much What is the cost of per square foot In each area That was taken from How much cost of per square foot That information is given So it was taken from that Book And then this was all the data Which was collected For example survey number So plot number etc Which wrote it lies on What is the name of the building This is one map what He had generated This is the digital map of Matunga area Digitized in gram plus plus Map showing buildings In yellow color Are having From either they are zero Ground floor or up to three floors Then all the area in light Green are between four to seven floors All the blue buildings Are having eight or nine floors Like that Then this is showing maps I mean buildings with different number of shops Whether a building has three shops Below it or six shops You know things like that Distribution of floors Same Then some query he did Actually he clicked on a particular survey Or plot number And he had actually taken the photographs Of each building For that entire area So he had connected that building Photo with the plot parcel So when he clicks on that The photo of that building will pop up So again the conclusion that GIS can be used for Estate reality purpose Then this was one slums project So the task was Like the main objective was to calculate The urban poverty index Manifestivation of the urban poverty Why is there urban poverty actually I mean in an urban area Why poverty is there So these were the tasks which were taken What is the character of urban poverty It is multi-dimensional There are many reasons to the urban poverty So there is income There is poverty at income level Health and education wise And likewise So GIS can be used Examples were taken from this Project called as Bhopal slum Networking project And those were the slums which were identified Maps at one is two 500 scales were given And different things Like plot boundaries, roads Electrical telephone etc And even the database was generated For how much they are earning The member is earning per month What is the kind of education Anyone is you know like health wise Poor or something So everything was done under that scheme This is one example of that slum It shows the roads, proposed roads And the slum parcels This shows the sewage lines And this query shows Where all slums, parcels Where people are having primary education Say fifth standard Yeah eighth standard, sixth standard Whatever Then this is education up to SSC You can see Where all they are earning more than 1200 per month It shows the query for that particular query Answer for that particular query This again like having income above 2000 2000 and above Likewise Where all handicapped people are there You know like each house If any handicapped persons are there Even that data was collected So it shows the result Then this is one of the studies Actually there is a bar Reservoir in north of Mumbai Actually towards Kalyan In Thane district There is this resort called Barvi Actually there is a dam It provides water to the city of Mumbai So now with increasing population They wanted to increase the height of the dam In order to meet the demanding Increasing need for water So that study was They wanted to do some pre study They wanted to And in each scenario How much land will be submerged How many people will have to be Relocated and those kind of study was done So this is basically a Drainage map of that area Catchment area This shows the land use map Of that particular catchment area Like all the yellow shows agricultural area Water body Green shows the forest etc Even the scrub lands were marked So now existing height was 67.6 So when it was raised to say 70.6 meters What will be the scenario How much land will be submerged So you can see this much In each category How what all will be submerged If the height is increased to 70.6 meters You get obviously more water Storage capacity is increased To 96.3 million cubic meter But at the same time You lose 108 hectares of land You lose 108 hectares totally Village wise Each land use how much will be under submergence So 108 hectares you lose under water At that height Then at 72.6 meters You have 145 million cubic meter of water But You lose 234 hectares of area Under water And at 76 meters You have 246 million cubic meter of water But you will lose 1044 hectares Of land So they We gave them the scenarios Modeling See what we did We had data Remote sensing data Helped us to manage the land use The advantage of remote sensing is It is unbiased No administrator No politician comes into picture We got We worked this project about a few years back And luckily that year That season remote sensing data We got So we manned near the catchment In our forest Water agriculture Exactly because of the reservoir Which is the water body available Then the MITC gave us A very good contour data Because they were They were planning to raise the height So Along the reservoir They gave us 1 meter vertical resolution Contour data You don't get the toposheet They are local survey people They gave us So So 3 sets of data 3 different scales and projections One was on 10,000 One was on 50,000 Another is 4,000 We registered all of them In fact we did not have time So we didn't show you how to georegister the maps In ground press press Those things we didn't show during the demo We georegistered Brought all of them Then what next step you should do With the elevation data And make a DE When you make a DE You get a height for every pixel That hitter You combine or overlay with land use So if I raise the height From 67 to 70 Naturally it will be submerged So that much area will undergo water You have the land use So naturally What are the land use area And what type of land use Because you are village boundary You have land use You have elevation When you combine all the 3 in georegist It clearly shows Which area will be submerged And what land use category In what will be Actually hotel analysis will take you Only 2 days If you have all data That is what we did The previous scenario For scenario See this for Computer what you have to do You have to only change the height They gave us This is the 3 tangential height You show us 3 output scenario At one particular point You have changed the height No no it is DE At this elevation model You cannot change at one particular point See they give you contour You do an elevation interpolation Now you have height at every grid Every pixel Digital elevation model means what Land use And you say You extract the area Which are between 67 to 70 point 6 It will pick up immediately Grab that area of land use You are in GIS So immediately it can tell you How much in each village How much hectare of forest Open area It calculates So that is the output we show you It is not one scenario We did for 70 point 6 We did for 72 point 6 We did for 76 Naturally your damage will be more More and more you raise the height First time it was 100 hectares Next scenario was 234 hectares And third scenario was 20 villages with 1000 hectares Then you want to raise to 76 So we did this analysis Just gave the results to them Because we are not the decision makers We can only show the scenario True scenario Decision maker has to take a decision So they took a proper decision They wanted to see which villages Will be really damaged Which area see It is an unbiased analysis So you will know what will happen Really when you succeed So they could go there Convince the people Take a decision Okay after the event You should use it always for Seeing alternate scenarios You see the first book on GIS It defines GIS is a tool which can be used For seeing alternate scenarios That is the way This is a small application Easiest application Or one can show it Before action is taken We will close it now Yeah we can Just try Of course we have a lot of studies Agriculture studies What we have done Fisheries studies People come and do in the institute Based on the data This is a study where we have done Somebody came from agriculture Resertation To find out his maths Data he brought Really what he should cultivate Which area is suitable For what cultivation Data and data analysis In gram husband Similarly we got somebody From a fishery institute In Bombay there is a fishery institute They took north of Bombay To find out the area suitable For aquacombs Which area can be further developed For developing aquacombs If you have all data You know your criteria You know your analysis GIS can play a role To find out and really say Such a study Similarly you know Based on the project Based on people bring Some 30-40 applications might have been done In our institute itself We still do not have people Who pick up copies what they do We do not know This has been done In our campus itself With the different kind of organizations Who come And do it So just to have a scenario