 Neo-infrared 2, NIRI, a imaging has been shown to be a promising tool for detecting tumor heterogeneity and progression. It offers advantages over traditional Neo-infrared I, NIRI, a imaging such as deeper tissue penetration and less scattering and autofluorescence. This makes it ideal for non-invasively monitoring tumor growth and progression. This article was authored by Chi-Shin, Hui-Jin Ma, Hao Wang, and others.