 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more So let's continue our enderontic topics. So last session we covered various intra canal arrogance and medicaments Today's topic is root canal sealants. So it is the last step of root canal treatment So with the gattapacha Immersed in the sealant. We sealed the root canals and finally complete the procedure So sealants are the binding agents used to fill up the gap between the root canal walls and the obturating materials So these sealants fill up the irregularities discrepancies and lateral canals and Also the accessory canals So what are the functions of root canal sealants? So they serves as a filler for canal irregularities and minor discrepancies between the root canal wall and core filling material and It is to obtrude the lateral canals So there will be a main canal and lateral and accessory canals It acts as a lubricant because with the help of sealant the Gattapacha or the obturating material can easily move through the canals and It enhances the possible attainment of an impervious seal Because a perfect seal is the ultimate goal of a root canal treatment If we have a perfect Improvious seal then there will not be any complications or any flare up or any type of failure because if there is any type of leakage so there are chances of Infection which can spread from very apical area towards the Canals so if we have an impervious seal All those possibilities can be removed and These sealers can assist in microbial control because most of the sealers will be of a my antimicrobial Quality and it provides radio opacity. So if we have a radio opacity, it is very easy to understand the Fulfillment of this root canal therapy or how much the obturation has been done so radio opacity It helps us through the IOPS or Radiographs to understand the result of the root canal therapy or obturation What are the ideal requirements of a sealant? So any sealant should provide an excellent seal when said It should produce adequate adhesion between itself and the canal walls and the filling material It should be radio opaque. It should be non-stainy and it should be dimensionally stable And it should be easily mixed and introduced into the canals. It should be easily removed. Sometimes there will be a real city Sometimes the previous RCT might be under-obsturated or any problems. We need to do real city in those cases We should be easily We should be able to easily remove this cataparcha So if the sealant is of a proper consistency We can easily remove it and it should be insoluble in tissue fluids It should be bactericidal or discourage bacterial growth It should be non-irritating to the periridicula tissues and it should be slow setting to ensure sufficient work So this is a classification of a root canal sealant Basically there are four categories one is a zinc oxide, eugenol based sealant, calcium hydroxide based sealant, Glauzyanomer based sealant and resin based sealant. So it's very commonly asked Sometimes short assail will be resin based sealant or zinc oxide eugenol based sealant Or an individual sealant can be asked as a short note So under zinc oxide eugenol sealant We have gross man's formula, wax sealant and doubly seal In calcium hydroxide we have seal apex and apexid then we have Glauzyanomer Sealant then the resin bonded sealant has H plus H 26 epifanine and diacid We'll start with the zinc oxide eugenol semen So zinc oxide eugenol semen or sealant modified for enteroendic use So the mixing vehicle is mostly eugenol or in a combination with other liquids like amla balsam So setting time adjusted for adequate working time We radio opacity of 4 to 5 mm of aluminium So the first one gross man's sealant is a modified gross man's formula in 1974 The most educated and on-staining one which provides good sealant. This is a composition It has got two parts powder and liquid powder consists of zinc oxide Stabilitrazine, bismuth, subcarbonate, barium sulfate and sodium borate which is anhydrous one So this is a proportion 40, 30, 15, 15 and 1 and the liquid is Eugenol. So the setting time it hardens approximately by towards 37 degrees Celsius at 100% humidity and sets even quickly that is within 10 to 30 minutes in the root canal due to the moisture present in the denting So the properties its plasticity and slow setting time and It has good good sealing potential and small volumetric change the change after the setting is very minimal Abycal extrusion gets absorbed to the tissues So it will not create any periapycal problems Disadvantage the resin is of coarse particle size So the manipulations. Stabilitrazine will have a spatula two or three drops of liquid that is Eugenol and small increments of semen powder makes it into a small creamy consistency Then to test the proper consistency drop test and string out test that is a test we can do To check the consistency that is a string out test just keep the spatula on semen and just lift it You can see the changes The pulp chamber and the canal should be thoroughly dried before inserting the cement And the sealant is carried into the canal using a lentilow spiral or master con without forcing any cement into the Peri-radicular space because of this Eugenol can create periapycal reactions The second one is wax sealer which has again got powder and liquid Powder is incoxide tricalcium force wheel bismuth sub nitrate bismuth sub iodide and heavy magnesium oxide This is given in grams 10 to 3.5.3 and 0.5 grams Whereas a liquid the scanner balsam and oil of claws 20 ml and 6 ml respectively So this is indicated in all the lateral Condensation methods when chance of overfilling is present This contraindicated when heavy lubrication is needed So the properties are it has about medium working time medium lubricating quality Minimal periapycal irritation. It is kind of sticky and it should be mixed to smooth creamy consistency And should string out at least one inch when specialized rays. That is how we test the consistency It should be of one inch minimum length when the spatula is raised After touching the cement So increasing thickness of sealer lessens lubricating effect. So indicator when there is possibility of over extension And available as powder and liquid and separate bottles The advantage is germicidal less periapycal irritation stays in position because Here there is no eugenol. So it has got less periapycal irritation But the disadvantages are order of the liquid Now we have a tubely seal tubely seal is also Is in coxide eugenol based sealer. So tubely seal There's a two-paste system. It is not powder or liquid. It is a two-paste system one has One is base and the another one is a catalyst. So base consists of Zinc oxide earlier resins with no trioxide Himalayan oil and waxes in these percentage and catalyst that is eugenol Resin and an ethylene setting time is 20 minutes in glass lap and five minutes in wood canal Good canal it will be faster because of the moisture content So the advantages are it is very easy to mix extremely lubricated does not stain and expands after sitting But the problems is again irritant to periapycal tissue because of this eugenol content Very low viscosity extrusion through apical foramen chances are there Working time less than 30 minutes and even shorter impressions of moisture It is indicated when apical surgery to be performed immediately after filling Because of great lubricating property good choice when it becomes difficult for a master contrary to last mm of preparation So what are the advantages and disadvantages of commonly zinc oxide eugenol sealers advantages is its easiness of Manipulation easiness and adhesion to container walls only slight dimensional change happens It's very radiopic, homicidal and minimal staining with ample working time But the problems all are cytotoxic and inflammatory response And it is not very easily absorbed from apical tissues Now we have the calcium hydroxide sealers in calcium hydroxide we have seal apex and apex it So seal apex Is a non-eugenol calcium hydroxide polymeric resin And the 100 percentage humidity takes three weeks to reach the final set and never sits in dry atmosphere So sealer expands while sitting and it is available Just like the previous one that is a base catalyst system And healing was more advanced in this compared to H26 and tubular seal H26 is a resin based one Whereas a tubular seal was a zinc oxide eugenol based And the seal apex base and catalyst has these components zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, butyl benzene, sulfonamide, zinc, stearate Whereas a catalyst consists of the base basic resin, isobutyl, salicylate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and aerosol Now we have the apexid plus that is a second calcium hydroxide sealer available in syringes we don't need to mix it base catalyst mixing it is very easy to apply So base consists of calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide Almost 37% is then hydrated Colophonium 54% is filler and other auxiliary materials around 9% is then the catalyst thysalicylate, bismuth hydroxide or carbonate fillers and other auxiliary materials it is in a syringe form So excellent biological tolerance very easy to mix really opaque and hard sitting Now we have the glass anomer sealer it is less tissue irritation and very low toxicity And because of its adhesive quality there is a dentin bonding ability because it is very chemically bonding It is recommended as sealer and it is not popular because of the difficulty to remove from root canal during retreatment because it is going to have a chemical bonding with the tissues so if we are planning for a retreatment of there is any chance of retreatment it is very difficult to remove the topocha after the chemical bonding So that is why it is very less recommended So advantages it has got the best physical quality is best bonding to dentin, fewer voids, best flow, strengthen the roots but the main problem since it's the chemical bonding it cannot be removed from the root canal. Next we have the resin based root canal sealers so we completed three categories the first one was zinc oxide then the calcium hydroxide and glass anomer now we are into the resin based so we have H plus H26 epiphany and diacid so the first one is diacid there is a resin based one so polyvinyl resin and reinforced chelate form between zinc oxide and diketon so there is a resin formation there's a chelation happens between zinc oxide and diketon that is why this name diket find white powder and viscous any colored liquid two drops of liquid mixed with one scoop of powder this is like powder and liquid mixing and it hardens sharp rapidly after six to eight minutes on glass lamp and even more rapidly in root canal and non for its resistance to absorption superior to other sealers in tensile strength because of this resin and resistant to permeability and it has got very mild inflammatory reactions when if it is overfilled now we have the H26 so it is epoxy resin sealer characterized by reactive epoxide ring polymerized by the breaking of this ring good adhesive property good flow it is antibacterial it contracts slightly when hardening lotoxicity addition of hardener makes cured resin chemically and biologically inert and it is consists of iller powder and viscous resin liquid and we need to mix it thick creamy consistency it has got setting time 36 to 48 hours body temperature and five to seven days at room temperature and long setting time and material fluidity it has got five to seven days of setting time no cracking or separation from the dental walls and it releases formaldehyde during setting that is a adverse effect now we have a h plus so it is again epoxy resin base sealer two components that is paste easy to mix there's no powder liquid this is like base catalyst so we have two paste we need to mix it and we can adapt closely to the root canal minimal shrinkage of one setting long-term dimensional stability is there so paste a and paste b equal volume will be mixed setting time is 8 hours at 37 degree spatulas mixing collab and instruments immediately cleaned with alcohol or acetone so the advantage is excellent biocompatibility easy handling and application outstanding physical properties excellent radiopacity and suitable for all observation technique and it does not release formaldehyde during setting and hence more safer than age 26 where the problem was the formaldehyde release the adverse reaction is reverse acute inflammation of the oral mucus is seen when it is exposed to the unsurpassed so that was all about the root canal sealants so this is a very commonly asked question for the university paper so commonly asked where the resin based resin based root canal sealant or the calcium hydroxide based housing oxide so each one has what its own advantages and disadvantages so hope you understood this one i'll come up with a new topic in entrantics thank you