 So this is this is a study we did with my friend Benjamin Davis and it's not going to tell you anything about the past. So if you're not an agent-based modeler or you're not planning to be an agent-based modeling then do yourself a favor and just go for a cocktail. What we aim to do is we were interested in who are agent-based modelers in archaeology. So we run a survey. We advertise that really badly because we mostly use social media. We run it over for weeks and we got 65 responses most of which in the first week which can make the rest of the time worthless. There are obviously biases to the survey because obviously we advertise on Twitter and send emails so there is probably over representations of members of our professional networks. It is very likely we have way more English speakers than non-English speakers. We are likely to have attracted more younger researchers because they use Twitter and for all sorts of reasons it is more likely that male researchers replied in a higher frequency than female researchers. So those are all the biases that you should keep in mind. There might have been others but those are the main ones we think. So there we go. Let's go. Agent-based modelers in archaeology are in general blobs. There are some women but there are not many of them and we tried to counteract the biases. Very often a guy would take one IBM course and he would reply to the survey because he's an agent-based modeler whereas women are a little bit more shy and they're like well I build a model but can I call myself an agent-based modeler? We did actually email Twitter to attract females to reply as much as we could and that still came up with that result. They're academic age so the number of years since they're obtained a PhD or a master but I don't think they're any one of those shows that they're mostly young so they're either still PhD students or they just graduated and there's a bit of a blip around yeah they're much older which probably indicates the wave of modeling that happened in the 70s and those people happily are not retiring from archaeology. But in general this is a new phenomena and it is for that reason we hope it's dynamic and it's let's hope most of those people will go on in academia. When you break it into gender you can see that most of those young academics are actually female. This is a frequency so this basically tells you that most of females that we asked are actually in the young age academic age category whereas guys are way more kind of equally distributed. And then what are they doing right now? Well good news everyone a lot of them are in permanent academic positions so if you're thinking about what to do with your life this might be a good shot. So there's equal number of or was equal number of people in permanent academic positions at those that are doing PhD at the moment. Obviously it is likely that those that did PhD are not in permanent academic position we just didn't get their answers because they're probably working for Google right? So we just don't know about them. But there's also some other ones. So this is great news except for if you're a woman. I mean if you're a woman and you're playing on doing agent based modeling or doing it now then please come to me and we're going to go to a park to cry together. 90% of those that are in permanent academic positions are male and only one respondent was female. On the other hand those that are doing the PhDs in agent based modeling they're mostly women. Great news right? Right. Who are they? Where are they from? Do they do they come from other disciplines or are they archaeologists that basically learn how to code? It turns out they're mostly from humanities, anthropology and archaeology so Americans and then Europeans. And there's a second most important component is people coming from STEM subjects. So it's mostly homegrown people and there's some people that come from the heavy technical disciplines. The interesting thing is there's not many people that came that had a background first degree in social sciences and that's a little bit weird because we have the same questions we have very often the same theoretical models and the fact we don't have that many social scientists doing it is is kind of weird. And then what is their kind of we call it theoretical heritage we ask them if you were to name one theoretical framework as the one that drives you which one would it be? And there's equal division between complexity science and evolutionary theory. So those will be people that are doing like cultural transmission, social learning this kind of stuff. And some people just say I would be already are talking about I'm using simulation because that's a technique of whatever there's no there's no theory. There is theory but it's not safe. Not many people are coming from archaeological theories. Not many people would say oh yeah, you know, I'm gonna been 40 and or I'm middle range theory or whatever, which is again interesting because we do have archaeological theories that lends themselves very well to ABM and another simulation techniques, yet people don't seem to be coming from that spherical for theoretical angles. And okay, so so now now we know who they are who did they work with? So this is the people we the background of the people we we surveyed. And this is who they worked with. Okay, on those and you can see humanities basically works mostly with life sciences and STEM subjects. And not much with social science again, and not much with other people coming from humanities, which is again surprising because social science has much better developed field of agent based modeling. So, you know, we can just literally pick up their models and push it here and just kind of change the date from 1995 to minus 1995. So this is a very interesting pattern. It looks like. So the all those archaeologists and anthropologists are basically going to people that have technical, technical knowledge for coding, or they can do their data or they have some better math skills and work with them rather than with other social science. And whereas the people with the diverse background, they kind of work with everyone almost equally. Moving on. Everyone uses net logo is the conclusion. So the only legal on that was that there seems to be this pattern that people use net logo to do the simulation. And they analyze the results now. But in general, that log is completely dominating the field. And this is the another point to cry about 75% of agent based molars in archaeology, they actually learned it themselves, which is horrendous when you think about it, because it's highly technical and difficult scale. And those poor people had to sit there and cry over their coat. Just like me. Just like me. So what type of models do we do we do we work on? We use the we ask people about the type of validation they use, because that's a very good proxy. We're on the theory to data, data driven, a theory driven models, we're on this the spectrum you are. And there's a good mix of both types. There's quite a lot of abstract models that just don't do any validation. Like if you've been here earlier, I was showing the shell model of segregation in cities. And that's like a type of an abstract model. Letters model was pretty abstract. And then, you know, and then you have data data driven models, which you compare against data. So so we're gonna, we're fine. We're, we're well healthy mix. And in terms of scales, it looks like we're going more for the kind of finer, finer scale. So like one agent would be on one individual rather than like one culture. This is great because agent based modeling is done in agent. So you don't want to model a whole country as an agent. And usually the scale of the temporal scale is about longer than a day, but sure they're on a season or a year. I think this is partially driven by agricultural models that kind of have the one year scale. So those are the scales. And the topics that are mostly modeled. There is there's there are the abstract models that are the most common, but they're one category. Those two are both Europe. So it looks like Europe is dominating in terms of being a topic, which is interesting because from my personal experience, quite a lot of Americans do agent based modeling, but they seem to still apply it to to topics related to Europe. And and if you would like to learn to know more about it, there's a paper that will tell you all of that in more details. And more importantly, all of the data and analysis is available on GitHub. And you can just have a look and and learn more about the agent based modelers and in archaeology. The other author could not be with us because he is as far as Andy's horticulturalist. And I think it's a winter day as well. But any questions, ask me or email Ben. Thank you.