 So I'm very happy to invite Professor Kannan, welcome Kannan. Kannan is the co-principal investigator of this project, but more importantly he is the coordinator of all national mission projects that are happening in IIT Bombay. He is the one who had a great contribution in the Akash project which we just successfully concluded. He has been with us right from the day when we first made a presentation to MHRD in 2008 on the teacher streaming program. And he runs two very, very important projects independently. One is called Spoken Tutorials and the other is called FOSSI. I'll not steal his thunder. Professor Kannan to share his thoughts with you. Thank you. Good morning. Thanks Professor Fatah for the introduction. So I would like to first of all extend, I don't know whether I should say warm welcome, but welcome you anyway. We are a warm country. We are a hot country. We are rather like cooler climates, right? I'm really happy that we are doing this course with Professor Deepan Ghosh and Professor Shiv Prasad. I just want to begin with some interactions we have had with them. The current chairman of AACTE when he was the, as the director college of engineering Pune, he requested me, I think it was 2007 or 2008, I was the head of distance education program, CD, Center for Distance Engineering Education Program. And he wanted to receive our courses live and one of the courses was physics and Professor Deepan Ghosh agreed to transmit it live. And it's interesting because he was teaching it in a classroom and he wanted to use that, transmit from there itself directly. And then he told me that the computer there didn't have a PDF reader. There was a computer, but it had no PDF reader. So of course we tried to fix it and so on. Then I asked Professor Ghosh, you have been teaching this course more than once. How come you are noticing it only now? So his answer was that was an interactive class and I would draw it. Do you expect me to draw this when this is being transmitted live and so many people are watching, should I waste their time? I would rather show it, I would draw it ahead of time, use it because the time is very valuable. So I wanted to give this example to show that the method of teaching is not the same when you do it in a class or when you use ICT method. So he was geared up for this in 2007-2008 itself. No wonder his course is considered one of the best courses in the campus. And no wonder people fondly recall his course. So I'm really delighted that Professor Ghosh will be teaching this course. I have had a lot of interactions with Professor Shivprasad too. Professor Fateh talked about the project that I am leading called FOSI, Free and Open Source Software for Education. Professor Shivprasad was also the director of CIFIPRA which is the joint activity between Indian and French governments to promote joint research. Now he encouraged me to visit France and write a joint proposal to promote SyLab. How many of you have heard of SyLab? Quite a few, thank you. So SyLab is an outstanding alternative, open source software alternative to MATLAB. And by the way, it works on this machine about which I'm going to talk about. This is what we called as $100 machine. It's an open source software. We also got it working on Akash which was the $2300 machine. So open source software, you can make it available everywhere. So you can do all kinds of things. I'll see if I can give a demo of it a little later. So thanks to Professor Shivprasad's encouragement, I wrote a proposal, got the money, got the scientists because SyLab is written by French scientists. It was originally developed at INRIA and their defense research agency of France. And so that's how this got started. I am really happy to say that we have done a lot of work in SyLab. Thanks to that encouragement. So with that icebreaker, I thought I would start my brief talk. I will talk till about 10.30. Then I will invite Professor Ghosh, Professor Shivprasad and Professor Tomy. Professor Tomy will introduce the physics department and what the activities are and so on. So let me give a brief overview of the agency that funds this activity, T10KT. Train 10,000 teachers. You might know that once it was called teach 1,000, train 1,000 teachers. It used to be a 1,000 teacher training program. And because of its success, it got upgraded into 10,000. So this is funded by the National Mission on Education through ICT, or abbreviated as NME ICT. It's an initiative of MHRD, Government of India. It has three main activities. One is establishing bandwidth. Second one is creating content. By the way, this T10KT is supported by the content part. The third one is devices. So Akash came out of that and a part of it, a small money was spent in coming up with this device. I'll talk about this device a little later. It started with about 4,612 crore on February 9, 2009. One might wonder why 4,612 crore. It's an odd number. A dollar was trading at 46 rupees 12 paisa at that time. It was supposed to be a 1 billion dollar project. And that's how this money, that's how this project started. Now we are in the second phase of the same mission. 60% of the money was spent in creating bandwidth. The idea was to give one GBPS bandwidth to every one of the 400 universities that existed at the time of writing that proposal. Now there are, I think, about 700, 800 universities. But then NKN came, it added money. So the idea was that all universities could be covered. By various means, many universities got one GBPS bandwidth at a cost of about 1% of the prevailing rates whenever we came up with the figures. So it's an amazing initiative. And then every affiliating college was also given bandwidth out of that one GBPS. So that was the first activity of the mission. The second activity is the content creation. Now content creation has supported many of these. NPTEL is one of the most well-known projects supported by the mission. So I will not talk about it, you will already know about it. T10KT is one from IIT Bombay. You are experiencing it, so I will not talk about it. We have a project at IIT Bombay called E-Kalpa, that is to teach design courses for people who want to learn design. That is being done by Professor Ravi Puvaya at IIT Bombay, jointly with NID Bangalore and also IIT Guwahati. We have a project called E-Antra. It is being done by my colleague, Professor Kavi Arya in computer science. And through that, he has been establishing robotics labs across the country and teaching embedded systems through that activity. Now I will talk about the virtual labs project that is being coordinated by IIT Delhi. Professor Ranjan Bose is the coordinator of that for the whole country. And we have got labs available, if I am not mistaken there are also physics labs. Through that people can access these experiments remotely and use them as a part of your regular lab. It is available for the whole country. And then we have a pedagogy project. It is coordinated by Professor A.K. Ray of IIT Kharagpur. Of course now he has retired. It is being done by his colleagues at IIT Kharagpur. And that talks about coming up with looking at the pedagogy and outcome-based learning. That is, if in a course you have to guarantee some output, what should be in that course? How should that course be designed? So that is being done by professor, coordinated by Professor Ray and his colleagues. And it is also a multi-institutional project. Let me talk briefly about the projects that I coordinate at IIT Bombay. One of them is the FOSI project, free and open source software for education. And the other project is Spurcon Tutorial. By the way, Spurcon Tutorial and Teton KT are together. In fact, you might even come across a term like talk to a teacher. So talk to a teacher project is the name that ministry knows us by. That is how the ministry gives funding. Teton KT is one part of it. Spurcon Tutorial is another part. Another interesting, smaller part of it is known as Ask a Question that we have been doing quite some time. How many of you have heard of this Ask a Question here? Anyone knows about it? Okay, so Ask a Question is a program by which, through which IIT faculty has been answering questions that students may have live one hour a week. It happens, we started with electrical engineering and then we did this for several years. If I'm not mistaken, we started in I think 2010. We have already done, let me see, 200 weekly sessions. And of course, there were times when we could not contact them. So I would say it has been going on for about five years. For five years, EEE faculty has answered questions live through this same medium, A View. Now, about a year ago, physics faculty also joined. They have been answering questions. In fact, I would like to mention this to you. We can provide the details of this, where it is done and so on. In fact, if this Friday, if it is done, we can, if you are going to be here, we would like you to see that. We sit that place where it is done and see how the student questions are handled. In fact, this is a great methodology because it allows experts from other colleges also to start answering student questions. We have not reached that, but it is capable of expanding, bringing in experts from across the country to pool in and answer questions. And ask a question is very important because when a student posts, typically good students, when they appear for competitive exams, have difficulty with a very small portion, let's say about five percent. They generally know about 95 percent, but they don't know that five percent. And questions are asked, unfortunately, in that five question, in that five percent. So what do the students do? They don't get any help from the local college. They go and join in the coaching class. They spend a lot of money, spend a lot of time. Why they spend a lot of time? Because the coaching class doesn't know which five percent these students don't know. So the coaching class teaches the entire hundred percent. So they end up learning the 95 percent and also this five percent. So we thought that if it in this ask a question, we could actually focus on that five percent. The students don't have to waste time. And not only that, the questions can be answered by competent authority. Unlike a coaching class where you don't know or unlike a Yahoo forum, you don't know who answers, whether the answers are liable. So I would like to mention that it's an important activity that we have started. I would like you to participate in that. Maybe Mukta, you can make a note of this and include this in the program. About this, by the way, I wanted to talk about this. This is the device. I call it a hundred dollar device. We actually got it at 5,820, but then we got it as a research project, which means that we had some customs and excise exemptions. Also, we bought it about a year ago. So the dollar was a lot cheaper at the time. So I would say today the cost may be about 7,500, but still it's a great device. I'm going to demonstrate this to you. This came as a continuation of the Akash project. And Akash was a tablet, but we wanted a complete keyboard. You can see the keyboard. It's a complete device. It is a very lightweight. I can carry it very easily. It's about 800 grams. It has a lot of external connections. We have even connected two terabyte hard disk to this, and it works beautifully. I have already validated its connection, so let me just connect this here. So this device has three distinguishing features about it. The first one is it's a very good build at an affordable cost. Number one, and if you're interested in going through this, we will make it available. I'll ask my staff members to bring a few. You can experiment with that. The second one is, by the way, the battery lasts anywhere from 4 to 8 hours, depending on whether you use internet, whether you stream YouTube video through Wi-Fi and things like that. By the way, Wi-Fi is connected. You can see here. You can see this here. The second feature of this is it comes with excellent collection of software. A lot of nice things are there. What I want to do is, because this is a good enough device, our CS101 faculty decided to use this as a part of their course. In the last semester, there were about 55 students who didn't have a computer of their own. CS101 is a programming course. It's a compulsory course for all of our students. Long time ago, we made a decision at IIT Bombay that the computer center will not house the central computers. They will be distributed to the hostels. So the computers are given to the hostels. And now I hear that the computer secretaries in the hostels don't want to maintain their computers. It's a lot of headache. So, in fact, it took a long time. In fact, only this semester, we didn't realize last semester also, in this semester, we found that the current computer CS101 instructor, Professor Varshaap, they told the students don't have computers anywhere. This semester, there are about 90 students without a computer. You'd be surprised in a place like IIT that 90 students don't have a computer and they have to do a programming course. And there is no computer easily accessible. So she said that nowadays, many of the courses, whether it is PH101, CH101, Physics 101, Chemistry 101 and so on and so forth, they all give their content through PDF files and say, you know, do this. And they send emails. And apparently one, she apparently scolded the students. One student apparently pulled out a smartphone smaller than this. She said he actually could not see it well in this smartphone should he buy a bigger smartphone. That's when she realized the problem. So if this is the case in IIT, you can imagine how it is in other places. So we decided to, we gave 50 computers on loan at the end of the semester, they returned it. This semester, about 90 students have come forward and they wanted. We did, let me see if I can show that. We did a survey of the students. So here is their age profile. You can see they are mostly around 18. There are some on 17 also. 17, 17, 19. This is the medium of instruction. First is English. Second is Hindi. Third is other languages. Medium of instruction in their school. Mother's education, this is I think below 10th, below 12th. You can see 10th and 12th. I think this is bachelor's degree, bachelor's. So this is below 10th, this is 10th, this is 12th. Quite a few people, mothers, have not studied. This is the same thing, father's education. Some of them are graduates. This is the family income. This is below 2 lakhs. You can see more than 60% of them, they come from families whose income is below 2 lakhs. This is for about 47 people who answered this survey, this year's survey. This semester's survey, we have given it to about 90 students. So there are other things for what purpose you will use this and so on. So I don't have to, this is the JEE rank. Quite a few people are, I think their ranks are 1,000 and above. And all kinds of things, we have collected an excellent survey and the students are very keen to do this. So my hypothesis is that if these students didn't have a computer, they would not have, supposing a student in a hostel without a computer at 10 o'clock in the night gets an idea, bright idea, it will take only 5 minutes to test it. At IIT we may give permission. Our labs may be open in the evenings also, but of course night time we will close. Assuming that the student has key permission, he will go all the way from the hostel to the lab, open it, try it out, come back, it will take 1 hour to test the 10 minute idea. If it is raining, it will take more time. I strongly believe that these 5 minute ideas never get tested because of this. You can imagine what happens in colleges where there are day scholars and the college bus leaves at 5 o'clock. Okay? And they don't have computers at home. So look at the situation in IIT. So how is it, the students, my hypothesis is the students don't get time to study to use computers and they mug up because they have to pass the CS101 course. They have to pass the exam. They mug up and that is why they don't get jobs. So I believe that if you want to make a digital India, okay, we have a great opportunity. Give computers to our children. Give computers to at least on loan during CS101. So that can be used by PH101 because you will write emails, you will upload PDF documents, they will open it, they will study at home. Okay? So this was seen as something very nice. In fact, I gave it to Professor Varsha Abte. She immediately downloaded C programming called Simple CPP. It comes with graphics and all that. She configured and then she used the make file configured. It worked beautifully. She said, yeah, this is great. 90 students have come forward. So the second thing, first, I was talking about the started with three good aspects of this computer. One is a great build. Second one is it comes with a good collection of software. I told you it runs SILAP. Let me just see if I can show some content that we have created through our spoken tutorial project. So we have spoken tutorials on simple hardware called XPISE. XPISE is a device to do physics experiments. It comes with about 50 experiments. So we have created a spoken tutorial that explains people, students, how they can learn these 50 experiments. One of the experiments is it comes with a magnet and a coil. You can actually drive current through the coil, make the magnet rotate and pick up that by varying the current. You can actually change the frequency of oscillation and things like that. And you can say that this is how alternating current is generated. Now, how many of you have heard of spoken tutorials? Anyone has heard of it? Okay, only one or two. So this is available on our website. By the way, I'm connecting through Wi-Fi. Okay, it's available on the, you can see the URL, spoken-tutorial.org. Let me just play this. By the device online. Open Firefox web browser in the address bar type http colon slash slash. Advance it a little bit more. Install on Ubuntu Linux OS. We can install the software directly from Ubuntu. Okay, maybe I'll go to the next one. Experience junior icon appears. Click on it to open the interface. There it is. Let us install the software on netbook. Experience junior software can be installed on netbook using Ubuntu software center. Right click on software center. So it explains how to do that and so on. So let me see if I can. Apps basket window open. So I thought through this, we can also display, explain this spoken-tutorial. Here, let me just show this. Discuss about the channels on the top panel of the device. On the top panel, each terminal is assigned to a specific channel number. For example, channel one is assigned to A1 and channel two to A2. I will show how to connect wires to the device. Device has screw terminals on either side. To make the connection, we insert wires into the terminals and tighten the screws. Here A2 is connected to sine. This is the circuit diagram. Let us perform an experiment to measure the voltage of A2 and show its sine wave. Let us see the result on the plot window. Of course, this may not be directly relevant to students at the college level. But it will be highly useful, extremely useful at the school level. 11th and 12th and so on. I wanted to show the other one. I wanted to show this physics chemistry. This is in Hindi. In this tutorial, we will learn how to name names. Rotate, zoom, move and spin the model on the screen. Show the view and change the color and size of the display. Show the image with axis and bound box. Save the image in many file formats. For this tutorial, you should be familiar with names. I wanted to show this. For better view of the structure, we can rotate and zoom the model. I wanted to take this opportunity to talk about our Spocketerial project, which creates tutorials for self-learning. It is available in chemistry, physics and so on. Of course, our main emphasis is on IP. Here is another tutorial that talks about... piloted at IRT Bombay. In this tutorial, we will learn about the desktop of the Fossey network, some of the programs that it comes with. I also wanted to show you, let me disconnect this Wi-Fi. We also make this useful for students who don't have access to internet. Many students don't have access to internet. It is difficult to provide internet in every computer. Colleges may have internet connection, good connection, but may not be available in every machine. We came up with an offline mechanism. Let me show you this. We have Wikipedia available for offline use. It has about 5 lakh articles. In fact, you will see the number in Hindi about 1 lakh articles. It takes only, can you see this? 700 MB. It has about 1 lakh articles. It is a veritable library. By the way, I turned off this Wi-Fi. It is running from SD card. Then you can see that this is the Hindi Wikipedia. It is a self-contained because 1 lakh articles are there. You can say... Let's see, Kailash. There it is. It is a self-contained. It is possible to load it in different languages. One last thing. It is also possible to create Spoken Tutorials for offline use. Now we can see that it comes from a file here. You can see this in the top URL. Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial that explains the side-by-side method. I am Kannan Mogh Galyar. In this tutorial, we will learn the following. We will learn what is meant by the side-by-side method. That is the third feature of this machine. That you can actually conduct training using Spoken Tutorials. Students can use Spoken Tutorials, use a headphone. You can see that although it is a low-cost machine, the quality is very good. Whatever you do, in fact, I gave a talk recently about Digital India in Nehru Science Centre in Mumbai. It was in a 250 capacity room. There were 400 children, 11th and 12th children. They were sitting all over the place on the stage everywhere. I used this machine to give the talk. It came out very well. This is something that you may want to take back because your college may have the same problem. Your students may not have access to this. The only thing is that it is not available in a single unit. Many of you will come and say, where can I buy? It is not available. Why it is not available? It is not available in a single unit and something goes wrong. TK stops working or camera stops working. Who will repair it? Where will you send it? The model that we have chosen is that it is available only for bulk purchase. The college says that I want to give it to my students. So let's say about 100 students want to buy it and another 100 students want to be given on loan. And my class 3, class 4 employees may want to take it for their homes and some faculty members also want to have for their children. Then it is possible to set up such a center and support service through that center. So it is available only for bulk purchase. If you are interested, I can give you the phone number of this vendor but it is not available for single use. Some of you will come and say, I want to buy one. I want to buy for my maid servant and so on and so forth. Although the intention is good, it cannot be supported at this price. So it is available for institutional purchase and I suggest that you consider telling your management set up such a thing, make it available to your students through that. So with that, I think I have well exceeded my time. I want to thank the organizers for giving me this opportunity. I would like to invite Professor Tomi. In fact, Professor Tomi has been a good supporter of this Ask a Question series and I am going to hand over the mic to Professor Tomi. I am here standing as the head physics department ILD Bombay and even though you have been all welcomed by ILD as well as the organizers let me welcome you on behalf of physics department because this program is now conducted for physics and I see so many physics faculty from various engineering colleges. I am happy that you could reach here and get some additional information about the course as well as the subject which you will be able to take back which you will also be imparting on other groups which will be looking at you. In IID Bombay, not only IID Bombay, most of the IITs, the department for example most of you will be in a college, engineering college where the department size may be 2, 3, I don't know how much is it because I have seen that most of the engineering colleges as a physics may be 2 faculty, 3 faculty because it is just used as a service department whereas in IITs, at least in IID Bombay or even in other IITs each department is an independent department. For example physics here we have almost 40 faculty so you can see that when it is as maybe big as strong as any other engineering department so we have the full freedom of developing the department into a self sufficient department or an independent department to do our own work, our own teaching as well as to impart the education to the engineering students as well as the science students. So not only that you will have, you surely are going to have the chance to interact with the two or three of our faculty in which two faculties were already introduced. They are the senior most faculty in physics department and you will be lucky to have them giving you the lectures also but you are also most welcome to come to physics department which is just if you have time, there is a time limitations are there but any time you can walk into physics department whether it is after this your course work because the department never closes. For example that is one thing in IITs you will see none of the department ever closes. It is always open and there will be students throughout the time especially the PhD students. They may not be the undergraduate students or graduate students but surely the PhD students will be there always in the department and as Professor Cunnan said all the departments of computer centers means for UG computing lab, PG computing lab so these are the places where even the undergraduate students will be using. So you can walk in any time and you can have a look at it and I say we have 40 faculty who are working in different areas of research also they are all capable of explaining any doubts if you have other than maybe the ones which are teaching you but we are all working in different research areas also. Again what I am saying is specific about physics but it is not containing to physics only even if you move to science I am just talking about science department yes of course engineering departments also give the same flavor for everything even if you walk to chemistry department it will be the same there may be some 40 to 50 faculty more than 200 research scholars another 200 undergraduate students so if you look at that in each department it is like a college which you are coming from so what I will suggest is that make use of your stay here whatever way you can get more information more interaction even talk with different faculty from different departments make use of that one and again sometimes you may be thinking why should I listen to talks which some senior faculty is giving in physics and things like that I will say that one just giving an example because see 4 years back we had a chance to teach in a center school because we have a center school here so there were no teachers there physics and maths so they asked physics department whether we can teach the students until the teachers come so 3 of us went again to teach 3 or 4 of us in which again professor Deepan Gosw was there I was there and professor Suresh who is going to teach you also there so we had they had done earlier for me it was the first time teaching in a school that also 12 standard, 11 standard kids and it was a nice experience so after that actually they called me because we have a training center for the center school just down here in consumer and they have constant training for the teachers so once they told me that there is a teacher training this week is there can you come and give lectures and they gave me 3 topics to give one hour one hour lectures and I was first thinking that oh anyway they are teachers what is there to teach them again it is a 12 standard they gave me the 12 standard textbook and they said that these are the 3 chapters you have to just give them in reduction and teach them for one hour I was even little bit hesitant to teach what do you teach the teachers so I went and I had 3 topics one was semiconductor and other was electricity and the third one was on light so I asked them which one you want to start with because I can teach all the 3 anyway it is alternate with 3 they said start with semiconductors so by the time I finished semiconductor it was 3 and a half hours which was supposed to be one hour and I found that there was something like 90 teachers were there they were asking all type of questions and whether I was successful in explaining or something like that but at the end of the day if they have learned something which they can now teach their students in a little bit better way I think that is the real gain you are going to get out of that one again I am saying that you are lucky to have at least the 2 senior most even the 3rd person who is teaching also well experienced lucky to have 2 teachers who are actually the have got excellence in teaching they have been teaching for so many years so rather than learning something which you already know I will suggest that you should take this opportunity to clear your doubts with them and because once you clear your doubts if you are confident I am sure that you can teach better and if you teach better of course the students will be interested and they will be asking you more questions the moment they ask more questions you have to go and prepare and again you will be up to date so that is one thing you should be able to achieve during this time and I am sure that you will be able to go back to your colleges after gaining something and again once again I welcome you all to the physics department whenever you want you can come during this time and even as I said if you want to talk to some faculty we can make all the arrangements for you to come to the department you can see the research labs also we have various research labs as well as any other facilities which you may like to have during your stay there you are most welcome to come to the physics department thank you