 Section 56 of London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2 by Henry Mayhew. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain, recording by Gillian Henry. I now come to deal with the rubbish carters, that is to say, with the labourers engaged in the removal of the hard species of refuse, of which we have seen there are between 160,000 and 200,000 loads annually carted away. The refuse earth, or soft dirt, being generally removed by the builders men, and the refuse crockery ware and so on by the dustmen, when collecting the dust from the bins of the several houses. The master rubbish carters are those who keep carts and horses to be hired for carting away the old materials when houses or walls are pulled down. They are also occasionally engaged in carrying away the soil or rubbish thrown up from the foundations of buildings. The excavations of docks, canals and sewers. The digging of artesian wells and so on. This seems to comprise what in this carrying or removing trade is accounted rubbish. Perhaps not one of these tradesmen is solely a rubbish carter, for they are likewise the carters of new materials for the use of builders, such as lime, bricks, stone, gravel, slates, timber, ironwork, chimney pieces and so on. Some of them are public carmen, licensed carmen if they work or ply in the city, but beyond the city boundaries no license is necessary. This complication perplexes the inquiry, but I propose to confine it as much as possible to the rubbish carters proper, having defined what may be understood by rubbish. These carters are also employed in digging, pickaxing and so on at the buildings, the rubbish of which they are engaged to remove. Among the conveyers of rubbish are no distinctions as to the kind. Any of them will one week cart old bricks from a house which has been pulled down, and the next week be busy in removing the soil excavated where the foundations and sellers of a new mansion have been dug. From inquiries made in each of the different districts of the Metropolis, there appear to be from 140 to 150 tradesmen who, with the carting of bricks, lime and other building commodities, add also that of rubbish carting. These masters, among them, find employment for 840 labouring men, some of whom I find to have been in the service of the same employer upwards of 20 years. The Post Office Directory, under the head of rubbish carters, gives the names of only 35 of the principal masters, of whom several are marked as scavengers, dust contractors, nightmen, and road contractors. The occupation abstract of the census, on the other hand, totally ignores the existence of any such class of workmen, masters as well as operatives. I find, however, by actual visitation and inquiry in each of the metropolitan districts, and thus learning the names of the several masters, as well as the number of men in their employment, that there may be said to be, in round numbers, 150 master rubbish carters, employing among them 840 operatives throughout London. A large proportion of this number of labouring men, however, are casual hands, who have been taken on when the trade was busy during the summer, which is the brisk season of rubbish cartage, and who are discharged in the slack time, during which period they obtain jobs at dust carting or scavenging, or some such outdoor employment. Among the employers, there are scarcely any who are purely rubbish carters. The large majority consisting of dust and road contractors, carmen, dairymen, and persons who have two or three horses and carts at their disposal. When a master builder or bricklayer obtains a contract, he hires horses and carts to take away any rubbish which may previously have been deposited. The contract of the King's Cross Terminus of the Great Northern Railway, for instance, has been undertaken by Mr. W. J., the builder, and not having sufficient conveniences to cart the rubbish away, he has hired horses and carts of others to assist in the removal of it. The same mode is adopted in other parts of the metropolis, where any improvements are going on. The owners of horses and carts let them out to hire at from seven shillings for one horse to fourteen shillings for two per day. If, however, the job be unusually large, the master rubbish carters often take it by contract themselves. Although the operative rubbish carters may be classed among unskilled labourers, they are perhaps less miscellaneous as a body than other classes of open-air workers. Before they can obtain work of the best description, it is necessary that they should have some knowledge of the management of a horse in the drawing of a loaded carriage, or of the way in which the animal should be groomed and tended in the stable. I was told by an experienced carman that he, or anyone with far less than his experience, could in a moment detect merely by the mode in which a man would put the harness on a horse and yoke him to the cart, whether he was likely to prove a master of his craft in that line or not. My informant had noticed more especially, many years ago, when labour was not so abundantly obtainable as it was last year, that men out of work would offer him their services as carmen, even if they had never handled a whip in their lives, as if little more were wanted than to walk by the horse's side. An experienced carter knows how to ease and direct the animal when heavily burdened, or when the road is rugged, and I am assured by the same informant that he had known one of his horses more fatigued after traversing a dozen miles with a yokel, as he called him, or an incompetent man, than the animal had been after a fifteen-mile journey with the same load under the care of a careful and judicious driver. This knowledge of the management of a horse is most essential when men are employed to work single-handed, or have confided to them singly a horse and cart. When they work in gangs, it is not insisted upon, except as regards the carmen or the man having charge of the horse or the team. The master rubbish carters generally are more particular than they used to be, as to the men to whom they commit the care of their horses. It may be easy enough to learn to drive a horse and cart, but a casual labourer will now hardly get employment in rubbish carting of a good sort unless he has attained that preliminary knowledge. The foreman of one of the principal contractors said to me, it would never do to let a man learn his business by practising on our horses. I mention this to show that although rubbish carting is to be classed among unskilled labourers, some training is necessary. I am informed that one-third of the working rubbish carters have been rubbish carters from their youth, or car-to-car or wagon-drivers, for they all seem to have known changes, or they have been used to the care of horses in the capacity of ostlers, stablemen, helpers, coaching-in porters, coachmen, grooms and horse-breakers. Of the remainder, one-half I am informed have had a turn at such avocations as scavengery, break-layers labouring, dock-work, railway excavating, night-work, and the many toils to which such men resort in their struggles to obtain bread, whatever may have been their original occupation, which is rarely that of an artisan. The other, and what may be called the greater half of the remaining number, is composed of agricultural labourers who were rubbish carters in the country, and of the many men who have had the care of horses and vehicles in the provinces, and who have sought the metropolis, depending upon their views and sinews for a livelihood, as porters or carmen, or labourers in almost any capacity. The most of these men at the plough, the harrow, the manure cart, the hay and corn harvests, have been practiced carters and horse-drivers before they sought the expected gold in the streets of London. Full a third of the whole body of rubbish carters are Irishmen, who in Ireland were small farmers, or cutters, or agricultural labourers, or belonged to some of the classes I have described. The mechanics among rubbish carters I heard estimated by men with equal means of information, as one in twenty, and one in fifteen. Among these, quantum mechanics, were more farriers, cart, and wheelwrights, than of other classes. It seems to be regarded as an indispensable thing that working rubbish carters should have one quality, bodily strength. I am told that one employer who died a few weeks ago used to say to any applicant for work, it's no use asking for it if you wish to keep it, unless you can lift a horse up when he's down. As I have shown of the scavengers and so on, the employers in rubbish carting may be classed as honourable and scurfs. The men do not use the word honourable, nor any equivalent term, but speak of their masters, though with no great distinctiveness, as being either good or scurfs. As in other branches of unskilled labour, where there are no trade societies or general trade regulations among the operatives, there are few distinctive appellations. From the facts I have collected in connection with this trade, it would appear that there are 180 master rubbish carters in the metropolis, about 140 of whom pay 18 shillings or more per week as wages, while the remaining 40 pay less than that amount. The latter constitute what the men term the scurf portion of the trade, so that the honourable masters among the rubbish carters may be said to comprise seven ninths of the whole. I will first treat of the circumstances, characteristics and wages of the men employed in the honourable trade, and first as regards the division of labour among the operative rubbish carters. The work is as simple as possible. There are, one, the rubbish carters proper, or carmen, who are engaged principally in conveying the refuse, break or earth to the several chutes. Two, the rubbish shovelers, or gangers, who are engaged principally in filling the cart with the rubbish to be removed. Generally speaking, the two offices are performed by the same individual, who is both carter and shoveler, and it is only in large works that the gangers are employed. Master builders and others who require the aid of rubbish carters for the removal of earth or any other kind of rubbish from ground about to be built upon, or from old buildings about to be repaired or pulled down, either hire horses, carts, and carmen by the day of the master rubbish carters, or pay a certain price per load for the removal of the rubbish. If the job be likely to last some length of time, the builders pay the masters so much per load for carting away the rubbish. But if the job be only for a short period, the horses, carts, and carmen are hired of the masters for the time. The price paid to the master rubbish carter ranges from two shelling sixpence to three shelling sixpence per load for the removal of rubbish, and bringing back such bricks, lime, or sand as may be required for the building. The master rubbish carter, in all cases, pays the men engaged in the removal of the rubbish. The operative rubbish carters, except in a very few instances, never work in gangs, either in the construction of new buildings or in old buildings about to be pulled down or repaired. In digging the foundations of new houses, the master builders, or speculators, building upon their own ground employ their own excavators, and engage rubbish carters to remove the refuse earth, the latter being merely occupied in carting it away. The principle of simple cooperation, or gang work, occasionally prevails, and when this is the case, the gang is employed in shoveling and picking, while the carmen, as the shovelers throw out the rubbish, fills or shovels the rubbish into the cart. Each rubbish carter will, on an average, convey away from two to five loads a day, according to the distance he has to take it. Calculating eight hundred and fifty men to remove four loads per day for five months in a year, the gross quantity of rubbish annually removed would be very nearly three hundred and twenty-six thousand loads. In the regular trade, the hours of daily labour are twelve, or from six to six, but the men are allowed half an hour for breakfast, an hour for dinner, and half an hour for tea, and almost invariably leave at half past five, so postponing the tea half hour until after the termination of their work. In winter the hours are generally between the lights, but on very short, dark, or foggy days, lanterns are used. The men employed by one firm often made up, I was told by one of them, for lost time, by shoveling by moonlight. The carman, however, has to get to his stable in the summer at four o'clock in the morning, and to tent his horse after he has done work at night, so that the usual hours of labour with him are fifteen and sixteen per day, as well as Sunday work. The rubbish carters are paid by the week, eighteen shillings to twenty shillings being the weekly amount, and by the load, which is indeed piecework. The payment to the operatives by the load varies from sixpence to one shilling sixpence, for it is necessarily regulated by the distance to be traversed. If the rubbish have to be carted a mile to its destination, or as the men call it, to the chute, of course it is to be so conveyed at a proportionally lower rate than if it had to be driven two or three miles. The employment of men by the load, however, becomes less every year, and the reason I am assured is this. The great stress of the labour falls upon the horse. If the animal be strong and manageable, a man for the sake of conveying an extra load a day might overtax its powers, injure it gradually, and deteriorate its strength and its value. The operative carters on their part have complained that sometimes even good employers have set them to work by the load with hard old horses, which no management could get out of their slow, long accustomed pace. Thus a man might clear by the piecework but one shilling sixpence a day, with a horse not worth fifteen pounds, while another carter, with a superior animal worth twice as much, might clear three shillings or three shilling sixpence. Some hardmasters I was informed liked these old horses because they were bought cheap, and though they brought in less than superior animals they were easier kept, while if less were earned by the piecework with such horses less was paid in wages, and if the horse broke its leg or was killed or injured it was more easily replaced. This mode of employment is, as I have said, less and less carried into effect, but it is still one of the ways in which a working carter may be made a sufferer, because a principal accessory of his work, the horse, may not be capable of the requisite exertion. The nominal wages of the rubbish carters in the best employ are from 18 shillings to 20 shillings a week, in the worse-paid trade 15 shillings is the more general price, but even as little as 12 shillings is given by some masters. The actual wages are the same as the nominal in the honourable trade, with the addition of perquisites in beer to the men, off from one shilling to two shillings weekly, and of findings, especially to the carmen, of an amount I could not ascertain, but perhaps realising sixpence a week. One carmen put all he found on one side to buy New Year's clothes for his children, and on New Year's Eve last year he had 48 shillings and a hipney, money and what brought money, but this is far from a usual case. The rate of wages paid to the operative rubbish carters throughout the different districts of London I find by enquiries in each locality to be by no means uniform. For instance, at Hampstead the wages are unexceptionally 20 shillings per week, while at Kensington, Chelsea and indeed the whole of the west districts of London they are 18 shillings weekly. In St Martin's Parish however 19 shillings a week is paid by two masters. In the north districts again 18 shillings a week is generally paid, with the exception of Hampstead where the weekly wages for the same labour are as high as 20 shillings, and Islington where they are as low as 16 shillings. In the central districts too the wages are generally 18 shillings, the lower rate of 17 shillings and 16 shillings per week being paid in certain places by cutting and grasping individuals who form isolated exceptions to the rule. In a certain portion of the eastern districts such as Bethnal Green, St George's in the East and Stepney, 16 shillings and 15 shillings a week appears to be the rule, while in Shore Ditch and Poplar 18 shillings is paid by all the masters. The southern districts of the metropolis are equally irregular in their rates of wages. Lucian pays as low as 15 shillings, and Woolwich the same weekly sum, with one exception. One's worth on the other hand pays uniformly 17 shillings, while in Sutherk, Bermondsey, Newington and Camberwell the wages paid by all are 18 shillings. In Lambeth as much as 19 shillings is given by two masters out of three, whereas in Greenwich one master pays 14 shillings and the other even as low as 12 shillings a week. When I come to treat of the lower paid trade, I shall explain the causes of the above difference as regards wages. The analysis of the facts I have collected on this subject is as follows. Out of 180 masters, employing among them 840 men, there are 5 masters employing 11 men and paying 20 shillings per week, 5 masters employing 30 men and paying 19 shillings per week, 127 masters employing 605 men and paying 18 shillings per week, 6 masters employing 20 men and paying 17 shillings per week, 16 masters employing 70 men and paying 16 shillings per week, 19 masters employing 97 men and paying 15 shillings per week, 1 master employing 5 men and paying 14 shillings per week, 1 master employing 2 men and paying 12 shillings per week. Hence 3 fourths of the operatives may be said to receive 18 shillings weekly and about 1 sixth 16 shillings. The perquisites in this trade are more in beer than in money, nor are they derived from the employers, unless exceptionally. They are given to the rubbish characters by the owners of the premises where they work and may in the best trade amount in beer or in money to buy beer to from one shilling sixpence to two shillings weekly per man. The other perquisites are what is found in the digging of the rubbish for the carts and in the shooting of it. As in other trades of a not dissimilar character there appears to be no fixed rule as to treasure trove. One man told me that in digging or shumbling each man kept what he found. Another said the men drank it. Anything found however when the cart is emptied is the perquisite of the carman. Its luck as is everything said one carman. There was a mate of mine as had not no better work nor me once found an old silver coin like a bad half crown and a gentleman he knowed gave him five good shillings for and he found a silver spoon as fetched one shilling ninepence in one week and that same week on the same ground I got nothing but five bad hate knees. I once worked in the city where the sun-off is now is just by the Hall of Commerce in Red Needle Street and something was found in the hall as now is. It was a French church once and an old gent gave us on the sly one shilling a day for beer to show him or tell him of anything we turned up queer. We did show him things as we thought queer and they looked queer but he always said cheish or damn. From what I've heard him say to another old cove as sometimes was with him they looked for something Roman Catholic. My informant no doubt meant Roman. As in digging the foundations of the Hall of Commerce a tessellated Roman pavement was found at a great depth. Among these workmen are no trade societies, no benefit or sick clubs and indeed no measures whatever for the upholding of accustomed wages or providing for a rainy day and less individually. If a rubbish carter be sick the men in the same employ whatever their number ten or forty contribute on the Saturday evenings sixpence each towards his support until the patient's convalescence. There are no houses of call. The payment is in the master's yard on the Saturday evening and always in money. There are no drawbacks unless for any period during the hours of regular labour when a man may have been absent from his work. Finds there are none except in large establishments among the carmen where many horses are kept and then if a man do not keep his regular stable hours in the mornings, especially the Sunday mornings he is fined sixpence. These fines are spent by the carmen generally and most frequently in beer. The usual way of applying for work is to call at the yards or premises or more frequently to take around in the districts where it is known that buildings or excavations are being carried on to inquire of the men if a hand be wanted. Sometimes a foreman may be there who has authority to put on new hands if not the applicant with the prospect of an engagement in view calls upon any party he may be directed to. Several men told me that when they were engaged nothing was said about character. The employers seem to be much influenced by the applicant's appearance. I must now give a brief description of the rubbish carter and the scene of his labourers. Anyone who observes and does not merely see the labour of the rubbish carter will have been struck with the stolid indifference with which these men go about their work. However much the scene of their labourers from its historical associations may interest the better informed. So it was when the rubbish carters were employed in removing the ruins of the old houses of parliament and of that portion of the tower which suffered from the ravages of the fire. And so it would be if they were directed tomorrow to commence the demolition and rubbish carting of Westminster Abbey, the Temple Church, or St Paul's even in their present integrity. Sometimes the scene of the rubbish carter's industry presents what may be called a piteous aspect. This was not long ago the case in Cannon Street City and the adjacent courts and alleys. When the houses had been cleared of their furniture the windows were removed giving the house what may be styled a blind look. Most of the doors had been taken away as well as some of the floors. Large ciphers scrawled in whitewash on the walls and woodwork intimated the different lots and all spoke of desertion. The only moving thing to be seen perhaps was some flapping paper torn from the sides of a room and which fluttered in the wind. A scene of exceeding bustle follows the apparent desolateness of the premises when the whole has been disposed off to the several purchasers the further and final work of demolition begins. Baskets filled with the old bricks are rapidly lowered by ropes and pulleys into the carts below it being the carter's business to empty them and then up the empty baskets are drawn as if by a single jerk. The sound of the hammer used in removing and separating the old bricks of the building the less frequent sound of the pickaxe the rumble of the stones and bricks into the cart the noise of the pulleys the shouts of the men aloft crying below there the half articulate exclamations of the carter's choked with dust form a curious medley of noises the atmosphere is usually a cloud of dust which sticks to the men's hair like powder the premises are boarded round and if adjoining a thoroughfare the boards are closely fitted to prevent the curious and the loiterers obstructing the current of passengers the work within is confined to the labourers no persons admitted except on business seems a rule rigidly enforced the only men inside who appear idle are the overlookers or surveyors they stand with their hands in their breeches pockets and a stranger to the business might account them interested spectators but for the directions they occasionally give now quietly and now snappishly while the Irishmen show an excessive degree of activity the assumption of which never deceives an onlooker from 12 to 1 is the customary dinner hour and then all is quiet on visiting some new buildings at Meadahill I found 7 men out of about 30 all fast asleep in the nooks and corners of the piles of bricks and rubbish the day being fine the others were eating their dinners at the public houses or at their own homes in the progress of pulling down the work of removal goes on very rapidly where a strong force is employed the number varying from about 12 to 30 men a four storied house is often pulled down to its basement and the contents of the walls, floors and so on removed in 10 days or a fortnight as the work of demolition goes on the rubbish carter loads the cart with the old bricks, mortar and refuse which the labourers have displaced in some places where a number of buildings is being removed at the same time an inclined plane or road is formed by the rubbish carters up and down which the horses and vehicles can proceed until such means of carriage have been employed the rubbish from the interior foundation is often shot in a mound within the premises and carried off when the way has been formed accepting such portion as may be retained for any purpose in hot weather many of the rubbish carters in the fair trade work in their shirts a broad woollen belt being strapped around the waist which they say supports the small of the back in their frequent bending and stooping some wear woollen night caps at this work when there is much dust and nearly all the men in the honourable trade wear the strong men's half boots laced up in the front as the best protectors of the feet from the intrusion of rubbish in the cold weather the rubbish carter's working dress is usually a suit of strong drab white fustian the suit comprises a jacket with two large pockets the cost of such a suit new at a slop tailor's is from 28 shillings to 35 shillings from a good shop and of better materials 40 shillings to 55 shillings some prefers doubt corduroy to fustian trousers and some work in short smock frocks having thus shown the nature of the work the class of men employed and the amount of remuneration I proceed to describe the characteristics of the rubbish carter's employed by the honourable masters I will then describe the state of the labourers who are casually rather than constantly employed and finally speak of the condition and habits of the lower paid workers under the cheap masters the ability to read and write I think I heard of fewer instances of defective education among the rubbish carter's than among other classes of unskilled labourers the number of men who could read and not write I found computed at about one half it appears that the children of these men are very generally sent to school which is certainly a healthful sign as to the desire of the parents to do justice to their offspring as among other classes I met with uneducated men who had exaggerated notions of the advantages of the capability of reading and writing and men who possessed such capability representing it as a worthless requirement the majority of the rubbish carter's in the honourable trade are I am informed really married men and have families born in lawful wedlock one decent and intelligent man to whom I was referred said his wife being present and confirming his statement I don't know how it is sir but they say one scabbed sheep will affect a flock dreadful said the wife but some way it seems to run in places now we've lived among people much in our own way of life in Clarkinwell and Pentonville and Paddington well we've reason to believe that there wasn't much living together unmarried in Clarkinwell or Pentonville but a goodish deal in Paddington I don't know why for they seem to live one with another just as men do with their wives but if there's daughters sir as is growing up and gets to know it as they're like enough to do ain't it a bad example yes indeed said the wife and I'm told they call going together in that bad way they ought all to be punished without ever entering a church or chapel getting ready married I inquired if they were not perhaps married quietly at the registrar's office oh that said Mrs B ain't like being married at all I would never have consented to such a way but I'm pretty certain they don't as much as do that no sir in answer to another inquiry I hope and think it ain't so bad among young couples as it was but it's bad enough as it is God he knows the proportions of wedlock and concubinage I could not learn for a woman I was assured always took the man's name and both man and woman unless in their cups or their quarrels declared they were man and wife only there was no good in wasting money to get their marriage lines all for no use the politics of the rubbish characters are I am assured by some of the best informed among them of no fixity or principle or inclination whatever as regards one half of the entire body and that the other half whether ignorant or not are chartists generally accepted and they I understood as I had learned on previous occasions had no political opinions unless such as were entertained by their priests strong rude and ignorant as many of these characters are I am told that few of them took part in any public manifestation of opinion or in any disturbance unless they were out of work I think I know them well one of their body said to me and as long as they have pretty middling of work it'll take a very great thing indeed to move them if they was longish out of work and felt a pinch very likely they'd be found ready for anything with respect to free trade I am told that these men sometimes discuss it and formerly discussed it far more frequently among themselves but that it was not above one in a dozen and of the better sort only who cared to talk about it now or then there seems no doubt that the majority whether they understand its principles and working or not are favourable to it I may say from all I could learn that the great majority are I heard of one rubbish Carter formerly a small farmer who left London for some other employment in the spring contending and taking pains to enforce his conviction that free trade would ruin the best interests of the rubbish Carter's as year by year there would be more agricultural labourers resorting to the great towns to look for such work as rubbish Carter's for every farmer would employ more Irish labourers at his own terms and even the eight shillings a week the extent of the earnings of the agricultural labourers in some parishes would be undersold by the Irish last winter he said very many countrymen came to London until the next and more and more every year and so make labour cheaper as far as I could extend my inquiries and observations this man's arguments although I cannot say I heard anyone offer to controvert them were not considered sound nor his facts fully established there were certainly great numbers of good hands out of employment last winter and many new applicants for work I was told by a Carmen our of course always slacker carried on in the winter now this year so far beginning of October things seem to promise pretty well in our business and so if it's good this winter and was bad the last why as there's the same free trade it seems as if it had nothing to do with it there's not so much building going on now as there was a few years ago but trade steadier I think other rubbish characters in the best trade said that they had found little difference for six or eight years only as bread was cheaper or dearer and if free trade made bread cheap no man ought to say a word against it no matter about anything else of course I give these opinions as they came to me as to food these labourers when in full work generally live what they consider well that is they eat meat and have beer to their meals every day three of them told me that they could not say what their living cost separately as they took all their meals at home with their families their wives laying out the money one couple had six children and the husband said they cost him about 17 shillings a week in food or about two shilling six pins per head reckoning a pint of beer a day for himself and not including the youngest at the breast the father earned 22 shillings weekly and the eldest child a boy three shilling six pins a week for carrying out and collecting the papers for a news agent the wife could earn nothing although an excellent washerwoman the care of her family occupying her whole time she always had the cold shivers she said if ever she thought of John's being out of work but he was a steady man he had been pretty fortunate if these men were engaged on a job at any distance they sometimes breakfasted before starting or carried bread and butter with them and eat it to a pint of coffee if near enough to a coffee shop but in some places they were not near enough their dinners they carried with them generally cold meat and bread in a basin covered with a plate a handkerchief being tied round it so as to keep the plate firm and afford a hold to the bearer it's not always you see sir said a rubbish carter that there's a butcher's shop near enough to run to and buy a bit of steak and get it dressed at a taproom fire just for buying a pint of beer and have a knife and fork and a plate and salt found you into the bargain and pepper and mustard too if you'll give the girl or the man a penny a week or so but we're glad to get a good cold dinner oh as to beer it would be a clear out of the way place indeed where a landlord didn't send out a man to a building with beer one single man who told me he was only a small eater gave me the following as his daily bill of fare as he rarely took any meals at his lodgings half a quarter loaf tuppence and three farthings butter a penny coffee twice a day thruppence eleven o'clock beer often obtained as a perquisite average one penny a penny half a pound of beef steak or a chop or four or five penny worth of cold meat from a cook shop average five pence potatoes a penny dinner beer tuppence bread and cheese and beer for supper four pence total one shilling eight pence and a farthing this was the average cost of his daily food on Sundays he generally paid one shilling six pence for breakfast and tea and a good dinner off a hot joint with baked potatoes from the oven along with the family and other lodgers he had a good walk every Sunday morning he said but liked to sleep away the afternoon he found his own Sunday beer costing four pence dinner and supper but he didn't eat anything at supper as he wasn't inclined after resting all day and so his weekly expenses and food were six working days at one shilling eight pence and a farthing a day ten shillings and a penny hapeny Sunday one shilling ten pence weeks food eleven shillings eleven pence hapeny to this in the way of drink or luxuries I might add the Carter said tuppence a day for gin although he wasn't a drinker and was very seldom tipsy for I treat a friend to a quarter and maybe he stands treat the next also four pence for Sunday gin as he and the other men took a glass just before dinner for an appetite and he took one after dinner to send him to sleep add two truppence a week for tobacco in all one shilling seven pence which swells the weekly cost of eating drinking and smoking to thirteen shillings six pence hapeny his washing was four pence a week he washed his working jacket and trousers himself his rent was two shilling six pence for a bed to himself so that sixteen shillings four pence hapeny being spent out of an earning of eighteen shillings he had but one shilling five pence hapeny a week left for his clothes shoes and so on if he wanted a shilling or two for anything he said he knocked off his supper and then nothing was allowed in his reckoning for six pence so he might be two shillings in hand at least two shillings every week in a regular way of living this man expressed his conviction that no man who had to work hard could live at smaller cost than he did that numbers of men did so he admitted but he couldn't make it out the two ways of living which I have described may be taken as the modes prevalent among this class of labourers who seek to live comfortably others who rough it live at less cost dining for instance of a penny worth of pudding and half a pint of beer I ascertained that among the rubbish characters those most frequently attendant on public worship are the Irish Roman Catholics and such Englishmen as had been agricultural labourers in rural parishes and had been reared in the habit of church going a habit in which but without many exceptions they still persevere among London bread labourers such habits are rarely formed the abodes of the better description of rubbish characters are not generally in those localities which are crowded with the poor they reside in the streets of the edgeware and Harrow roads as building has been carried on to a very great extent in Westburn made a hill and so on in Portland town, Campton town Summers Town about King's Cross in Islington, Pentonville and Clarkinwell off the commercial and mile end roads in Woolworth, Camberwell, Kennington and Newington and indeed in all the quarters where building has been prosecuted on an extensive scale I was in some of their apartments and found them tidy and comfortable looking one was especially so some stone fruit on the mantel shone as if newly painted and the fender and fire irons glittered from their brightness to the fire of the small great the husband however was in good earnings and the wife cleared about five shillings weekly on superior needlework there was one thing painful to observe the contrast between the robust and sun burnt look of the husband and the delicate and pallid not to say sickly appearance of the wife rents for unfurnished apartments vary from two shillings to five shillings but rarely the latter unless the wife take in a little washing I heard of some at two shillings but very few two shilling sixpence to three shilling sixpence are common prices I heard of no partiality for amusements among the rubbish carters beyond what my informant spoke of a visit to the play some I was told but principally younger men never missed going to a fair which was not too far off I think not quite one half of those I spoke to with the best earnings had been to the exhibition off the worst paid I am told not one and fifty went one man told me that he had no amusements but his pipe and his beer some of them I was assured drank half a gallon of beer in a day but at intervals so as not to be intoxicated a hand at crubbage is a favourite public house game among a few of these men but not above one and half a dozen I was assured knew the cards and not one in two dozen played them these then are the characteristics of the labouring rubbish carters employed in the honourable trade a fine looking man upwards of six feet in stature and of proportionate bulk with so smart a set to his bushy whiskers and a look of such general tidiness after he had left off work in the evening that he might have been taken for a lifeguardsman had it not been for a slight slouch of the shoulders and a very unmilitary gait gave me the following account I'm a London man he said and though I'm not yet 25 I've kept myself for the last five years I've worked at rubbish carting and general groundwork digging for pipe laying and so on but mainly at rubbish carting and I'm at that now my friends are in the same line so I helped them I was big enough and was brought up that way oh yes I can read and write but I haven't time or very seldom to read anything but a newspaper now and again I'm a carman now and have a very good master I've served him more or less for three years I've had 25 shillings a week and I've had 29 shillings that included overwork two hours extra work a day makes an extra day in the week you see sir oh yes I might have saved money and I'm trying to save 25 pounds now to see if I can't raise a horse and cart and begin for myself in a small way general jobbing I've been used to cart mould and gravel and turf for gentlemen's gardens or when gardens have been laid out in new buildings as well as rubbish for the same master this year I set to work in hard earnest in the same way and this is where it is that always stops me Mr. Blank note his employer is very busy now and things look pretty well about here Camden Town but I don't know how it is in other parts it was the same last year but trade fell off in the winter and I was three months out of work oh that's a common case special with young men that's where it is you see sir it's an uncertain trade it's always that new shoes is wanted but it ain't always new houses my money all went and then all my things went to the pond and when I got fairly to work again I had a shirt and a shilling left and owed some little matters I'd saved well onto 50 shillings and could have gone on saving but for being thrown out then when you get into regular wages again there's your uncle to meet and there's always something wanted a pair of half boots or a new shirt or a new tool or something so one loses heart about it and I can't bear not to appear respectable I paid two shillings a week for my lodging but it's only for half a bed the house is let out that way to single men like me so each bed brings in four shillings a week there's two beds in the room where I sleep I don't know how many and all well yes it's a respectable sort of a place but I don't much like it there's plenty such places some's decent and some's not oh certainly a place of your own's best if it's ever so humble but it wouldn't suit a man like me I may work one week at Paddington and the next at Bow and if I had a furnished room at Paddington what good would it be if I went to work at Bow only the bother and expense of removing my sticks again and again oh people that find lodgings for such as me know that well enough and makes a prey of us of course I take my meals at a public house or a coffee shop oh yes I live well enough I have meat every day to dinner a man like me must keep up his strength and you can't do that without good meat it's all nonsense about vegetables and all that as if men's stomachs were like cows I have bread and butter and tea or coffee for breakfast and tea sometimes a few creses with it just to sweeten the blood which is the proper use of vegetables a pint of beer or so for supper but I don't care about supper though now and then I take a bit of bread and cheese with a nice fresh onion to it well I'm sure I can't say what I lay out in my living in a week sometimes more and sometimes less I keep no account I pay my way as I go on some weeks when I get my Saturday nights wage I have from two shelling sixpins to six shelling sixpins left from last Saturday nights money but that's only when I've had nothing to lay out beyond common now last week I was four shelling ninepins to the good and this week I shall be about the ditto but then I want a waistcoat and a silk handkerchief for my neck for Sunday wear so I must draw on my Saturday night there's a gentleman takes care of my money for me and I carry him what I have over in a week and he takes care of it for me I did a good deal of work about his houses he has a block of them and his own place and I've gardened for him and from what I've heard my money's safer with him than with a savings bank when I want to draw he likes to be satisfied what it's for and he's lent me as much as 33 shelling in different sums when I was hard up he's what I call a real gentleman he says if I ever go to him tipsy to draw and says it quite solemn like he'd buy the scruff of the neck and kick me out though note laughing he can't be much above 5 foot and has grey hairs man seems a feeble sort of a man I mean of a gentleman he enters all I pay in a book here it is sir for this year if you'd like to see it I wasn't able to put anything by for a goodish bit I lost my book once but I knew how much and so did Mr. Blank and he put it down in a lump July 18th in hand 1 pound 3 shillings July 25th received 3 shilling 6pence August 9th received 3 shilling 6pence August 23rd received 5 shillings September 13th received 9 shilling 6pence September 20th received 4 shillings September 27th received 4 shillings 6pence if I can't save a little to start myself on when I'm a single man I can't ever after I fancy so I'm a try-in no my expenses over and above my living and lodging and washing and all that ain't heavy yes I'm very fond of a good play very some galleries is 6pence and some thuppence but then there's refreshment in that so it costs a shilling a time perhaps I go once a week in autumn and winter when nights get long and we leave work at half past 5 the last time I was at the play was at the marlin bone but there was some opera pieces that don't suit me such stuff and nonsense I like something very lively or else a deep tragedy Sadler's Wells is the place sir I mean to go there tomorrow night yes I'm very fond of the pantomimes concerts I've been at but don't care for them there is deer at tuppence as an egg a penny and an egg's only a bite well I've gone to church sometimes but a car man hasn't time for he has his horses to attend to on Sunday mornings and that uses up his morning no I never go now work must be done it ain't my fault I'm sure if I could have my wish I'd never do anything on a Sunday yes there's far too many as under sells as in work I know that but I don't like to think about them note he seemed desirous to ignore the very existence of the scurff rubbish carters and note they're Irish many of them they're often quarrelsome and bloodthirsty but I know many decent men among the Irishmen in our gangs there's good and bad among them as there is among the English there's very few of the Irish that are carmen they haven't been much used to horses I have done a little as a nightmare when I worked for Mr. Blank he was a parish contractor and undertook such jobs and liked to put strong men onto them I didn't like it I can't think it's a healthy trade I can't say but I heard it represented that in this particular calling there was a great deal of undercontracting going on when the railway undertakings generally received a severe check and when a great number of hands were thrown out of employment and sought employment in rubbish carting generally and apart from railway work these hands suffered greatly for a long time the Tommy shops and the middle man's system were enough to swallow the largest amounts of railway wages so that very few had saved money and they were willing to work for very low wages I could many of these people went to Endeavour to find work at the large New Docks being erected at Great Grimsby near Boston and Lincolnshire some of the more prudent were able to raise the means of emigrating and from one cause or other the pressure of this surplus labour among rubbish carters and excavators as regards the metropolis became relieved End of Section 56 Section 57 of London Labour and the London Poor Volume 2 by Henry Mayhew this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gillian Henry Table showing the number of operative rubbish carters employed throughout London the wages received by them the number of weeks they are employed as well as the quantity of rubbish removed by them in the course of the year Kensington Master rubbish carter Mr J Bird number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers working in gangs 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 2340 loads number of days in the week each operative is employed at rubbish carting 6 number of weeks during the year each operative is engaged in removing rubbish 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Howe number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads annually 1404 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Dubbins number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads annually 1404 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Taylor number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 1872 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Gale number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 1872 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr G Bird number of operative rubbish carters 10 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Chelsea Mr Nichols number of operative rubbish carters 10 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Emerson number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 2340 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Freeman number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 2340 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Patterson number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads annually 900 6 loads annually 936 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Porter number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads annually 2808 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings St George's Hanover Square Mr Rawlins number of operative rubbish carters 4 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 1248 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Wells number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 624 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Watkins number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 1170 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Lidiard number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 1170 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Westminster Mr Farmer number of operative rubbish carters 4 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 1920 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 20 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Bugby number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 4 quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads annually 2340 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings weekly wages of the operatives working in gangs 18 shillings Mr Francis number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 4 quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads annually 2340 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings weekly wages of the operatives working in gangs 18 shillings operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Westminster Improvements Mr Chadwick number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 2340 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Francis number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Farmer number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Dungen number of operative rubbish carters 8 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads annually 6240 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings St Martins Mr T Cooper number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 3 quantity of rubbish carted daily 21 loads annually 1872 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings weekly wages of the operatives working in gangs 20 shillings Mr Wall number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 2 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 1248 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings weekly wages of the operatives working in gangs 20 shillings Mr Dungen number of operative rubbish carters 4 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 1248 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings St James's Westminster Mr Nichols number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 624 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Wells number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 624 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Watkins number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 810 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 9 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Marlebone Mr Freeman number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 2808 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 39 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Kermak number of operative rubbish carters 4 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 2496 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Nichols number of operative rubbish carters 8 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads annually 1872 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Watkins number of operative rubbish carters 10 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads annually 4160 number of days in the week 4 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Perkins number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Culverwell number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 3120 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Paddington number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 936 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Tim number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads annually 432 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 8 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Humphries number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carters 18 loads annually 702 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Mr Nichols number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 268 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Hampstead Messers Seal & Jackson number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads annually 936 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 20 shillings Mr Kirkland number of operative rubbish carters 1 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 3 loads annually 468 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 20 shillings Mr Hingston number of operative rubbish carters 1 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 3 loads annually 117 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 20 shillings Mr Batterbury number of operative rubbish carters 1 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 3 loads annually 117 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 20 shillings St Pancras Mr Smith number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 384 number of days in the week 4 number of weeks during the year 12 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Perkins number of operative rubbish carters 8 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads annually 1872 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Redden number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads annually 2304 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 16 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Jay number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads annually 2304 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 16 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr M Rose number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 468 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Islington number of operative rubbish carters 4 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 1920 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 16 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Mr Crute number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 936 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Mr Speller number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 288 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 6 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Mr J Rose number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads annually 1560 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Hackney number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads annually 702 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Rumball number of operative rubbish carters 6 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads annually 2808 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 26 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Booth number of operative rubbish carters 5 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads annually 1170 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings St Giles's Mr Duggan number of operative rubbish carters 3 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads annually 936 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings Mr Freeman number of operative rubbish carters 4 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads annually 624 number of days in the week 3 number of weeks during the year 13 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Bugby number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 768 number of days in the week 6 number of weeks during the year 16 weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings Mr Wall number of operative rubbish carters 2 number of shovelers 0 quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads annually 288 888. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 19 shillings. Mr. Mildwater. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 180. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Redden. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 50 loads. Annually 3900. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Bugby. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 50 loads. Annually 3900. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. North. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 432. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Nichols. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 1560. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Strand. Mr. Piper. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 384. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Redden. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 480. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Ellis. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 180. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Cooper. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 108. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks in the year 3. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Holburn. Mr. Lovell. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 312. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. McCarthy. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 1872. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Wells. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 468. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Ellis. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 324. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Holburn and New Oxford Street improvements. Mr. Redding. Number of operative rubbish carters 20. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 80 loads. Annually 6,240. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Bugby. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads. Annually 3120. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Nichols. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 480. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Ellis. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. T Brown. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 624. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Clarkinwell. Mr. Wood. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 576. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Johnson. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Mr. Clarkson. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 432. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 3. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. North. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 144. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. J. Brown. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 180. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Since Luke's. Mr. Rhodes. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 500. Number of days in the week 5. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Wood. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Dodd. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 1200. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Gould. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads. Annually 2340. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. East London. Mrs. Pratt and Sewell. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads. Annually 351. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Tomkins. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 234. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Crook. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 234. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Abbott. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 384. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. West London. Mr. Rutty. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 5. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Kitchener. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Wickham. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 240. Number of days in the week 5. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Porter. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 864. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. West London improvements. Mr. Crook. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 468. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. McCarthy. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads. Annually 4680. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 20 shillings. Mr. Redden. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 25 loads. Annually 3900. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Rook. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads. Annually 4680. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Bugby. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 25 loads. Annually 3900. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Chadwick. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 25 loads. Annually 3900. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. London City. Mr. Bateman. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 288. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Thames. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 216. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 3. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Walker. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 144. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 3. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Hermado. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads. Annually 216. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Bindi. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 72. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. London City Improvements. Mr. Duggan. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 50 loads. Annually 7800. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Bugby. Number of operative rubbish carters 20. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 100 loads. Annually 15600. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Gould. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 50 loads. Annually 7800. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Shore Ditch. Mr. Booth. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Stiles. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 96. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Wood. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 780. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Gould. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 1560. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Bethnal Green. Mr. Culvert. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 240. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Newman. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 234. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Rook. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 624. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Tilley. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Whitechapel. Mr. Newman. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads. Annually 216. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Tomkins. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 234. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Abbott. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 90. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. St George's in the East. Mr. Clark. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads. Annually 360. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Calvert. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 192. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Newman. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 216. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Tomkins. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 108. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Stepney. Mr. Abbott. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads. Annually 432. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Newman. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 288. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Potter. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 180. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Church. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 216. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Pine. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 324. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Monk. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 780. Number of days in the week 5. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Tingy. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 240. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Gabriel. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 624. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Jones. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 192. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. St. George's. Mr. Redden. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads. Annually 3120. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. G Whitten. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 780. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. St. Olives. Mr. Webbon. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Redden. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads. Annually 3120. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. St. Saviors. Southwark. Mr. Bugby. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 72. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Ryder. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 72. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Wright. Number of operative rubbish carters 1. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 3 loads. Annually 36. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Bermondsy. Mr. Peake. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 3120. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Duckett. Number of operative rubbish carters 12. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 36 loads. Annually 5616. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Elworthy. Number of operative rubbish carters 8. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 3744. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Slee. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 3120. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Adams. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 2. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 4680. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 39. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Weekly wages of the operatives working in gangs 18 shillings. Newington. Mr. Gutteris. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads. Annually 270. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Crawley. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 256. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Martin Buddy. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 960. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Wandsworth. Mr. Nicholson. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 1170. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Mr. Mears. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 468. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Mr. Parsons. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 864. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Mr. Easton. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 720. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Lambeth. Mr. J Whitten. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 40 loads. Annually 2008. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 19 shillings. Mr. G Whitten. Number of operative rubbish carters 8. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 1248. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 19 shillings. Mr. Kenning. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 390. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Camberwell. Mr. Hook. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads. Annually 540. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Michelle. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 384. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Marsland. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 8 loads. Annually 128. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 4. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Walton. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 144. Number of days in the week 4. Number of weeks during the year 6. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Evans. Number of operative rubbish carters 1. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 3 loads. Annually 90. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 5. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Brotherith. Mr. Walker. Number of operative rubbish carters 10. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 30 loads. Annually 3240. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 18. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Brown. Number of operative rubbish carters 8. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Hobman. Number of operative rubbish carters 12. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 36 loads. Annually 1404. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. East. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads. Annually 702. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 18 shillings. Mr. Stevens. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 1560. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Greenwich. Mr. Jeffrey. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 600. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Turtle. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 720. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 14 shillings. Mr. Hiscock. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 432. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 12. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 17 shillings. Mr. Allen. Number of operative rubbish carters 2. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 780. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 12 shillings. Woolwich. Mr. Connell. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 1560. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 26. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 16 shillings. Mr. Waller. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 6 loads. Annually 468. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Miller. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Fuller. Number of operative rubbish carters 8. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 16 loads. Annually 960. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Barnes. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 648. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Sharpe. Number of operative rubbish carters 12. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 36 loads. Annually 1404. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Taylor. Number of operative rubbish carters 8. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 24 loads. Annually 2016. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 14. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Gino. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 20 loads. Annually 780. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Millard. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 10 loads. Annually 390. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Graham. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 9 loads. Annually 270. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 10. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Lewisham. Mr. Peaks. Number of operative rubbish carters 5. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 15 loads. Annually 810. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 9. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Wellard. Number of operative rubbish carters 3. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 936. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Fleckle. Number of operative rubbish carters 6. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 18 loads. Annually 1404. Number of days in the week 6. Number of weeks during the year 13. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Mr. Hollis. Number of operative rubbish carters 4. Number of shovelers 0. Quantity of rubbish carted daily 12 loads. Annually 288. Number of days in the week 3. Number of weeks during the year 8. Weekly wages of rubbish carters 15 shillings. Total number of operative rubbish carters 840. Total number of shovelers working in gangs 15. Total quantity of rubbish carted daily 3134 loads. Total quantity of rubbish carted annually 259,831 loads. End of section 57