 Vaccines have been one of the most successful medical interventions in history, saving millions of lives annually. However, there remain many diseases that cannot be prevented by current vaccines. To address this issue, scientists have developed novel vaccines based on protein nanoparticle technology. These nanoparticles contain multiple copies of antigenic proteins, which can mimic the natural host-pathogen interaction and increase the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to the pathogen. Preliminary studies show promise for the development of vaccines against influenza, HIV, and respiratory syncytial virus. Additionally, combining these nanoparticles with structural vaccinology could lead to more effective vaccines. This article was authored by Jacinta Lopez-Segucita, Enrico Molito, Reno Repwoli, and others.