 Hello everyone, I am honoured to be presenting today to the Dean's lecture series of Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation. Today, October 11, we celebrate the Indigenous People's Day, the long-overdue acknowledgment of the damage of colonialism around the world and here in the United States. Though we are dispersed virtually today, we gather in Lenapec, Oregon, the unceded ancestral homeland of the Lenapec peoples. I ask you to join me in acknowledging that the Lenapec community, their traditional territory, elders, ancestors, and future generations, and in acknowledging as a school that Columbia, like New York City and the United States as a nation, was violently founded upon the exclusions and erosions of many Indigenous peoples. This app is committed to addressing the deep history of erasers of Indigenous knowledge, sensing enactments, ecologies, ethics, histories, in the profession of the built environment generally, and in the Western tradition of architectural education specifically. With this, GESAP commits to confronting these institutional legacies as agents of colonialism and to honoring Indigenous knowledge in its curricula. Architect and artist Bunser Prentada is assistant professor at the Faculty of Architecture in Chula Longhorn University and the founder of Bangkok Project Studio. Bunser Prentada argues that architecture is the physical creation of an atmosphere serving to heighten our awareness of our natural surroundings. In this lecture, he discusses a variety of his work, considering the manipulation of light, shadow, wind, sound, and smell, alongside the socioeconomic and cultural agenda with many of his projects. All this as means for architecture to contribute to the improvement of equality. Bunser's work has won many international awards, including the AR Plus D Award for Emerging Architecture in 2011. He has also been shortlisted for the Agakan Awards for Architecture in 2013. To the Grand Prix Prize International Break Architecture in 2014, the overall winner, the Plan Awards 2017. Acknowledgement Prize Regional Africa Holstein Awards 2017 in the Asia Pacific, the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture in 2018, and the Royal Academy Dorfman Awards in 2019. Bunser has lectured and exhibited at the Royal Institute of British Architects, RIVA, and La Cité d'Architecture du Patrimon Aparir, the Venice Biennale 2018 in Hong Kong, the Cold Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, the University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, National University of Singapore, the Bartlett School of Architecture in London, the UCL, and several other international universities. This year, his pavilion, the House for Human and the House for Elephants, represents Thailand at the Biennale Architectura 2021. And with all this, please join me in welcoming Professor Bunser Prentada today at this G-SAP Biennial Lecture Series. Thank you so much, Andes, and good evening to everyone, and I'm Bunser Prentada, and from the Bangkok Project Studio, from Thailand. And thank you so much for the Columbia G-SAP, for an anniversary in this fall at the Columbia University. And firstly, it's my studio, and it's focused on the sustainability and the social environmental, and we try to make the architecture or the landscape or the environmental related to light and the atmosphere and light and the sense of the human. So, and my, most of my work is located in the local area. In my blockhouse, it's about the center. I can hear it on the left side, I can hear only the 30% and the right side, I cannot hear anything. And this is my example work, it's about the first project that we started with my studio, it's completed in 2011, and we call it the Kantana Film and Animation Institute. The extreme school, this is an undergraduate school and graduate school, set up it for light and make the new generation for light and the film director, and filmmaker, or an animator. It's my space, and I'm interested about the style in the open area, the pathway, this light and the two walls is like an undulating wall. I call it the south upside them. The south is the very important for me because it's light and I lost it at once, but I have that the other sense to use for and the design. Especially in this place, I would like to decide in this place, light and the scent of the human. The student should learn and how to be a human before he study and or the film. So in this place, it's light and stimulated and there's by using and the same thing, light and the seeing, the hearing, the smelling, the temperature and spirit. So I'm not only decide with the architecture, but I decide the wind, the dinnets, the silence and the chatter. So how do you know you are a human? If you have the feeling, if you are a film director, you have to feel it. So it's my architecture is the one master that sent to and the student to and to say that you are still a human. If you have the sense, it's light and the subject. After the finish and this project in 2011, with the last project with light and the elephant world, we start to decide in 2015 and finish the project in 2020. The project is and after we understand about how to be a human, after we understand about and the human, most of the design we talking about and the human. The human is the center and the nature and the animal follow the human. What is the non-human center? No, I think it's and everything like a human nature and animal or the towel is equal. My question is about and how the human, the nature and after living species live together. Especially if this project is, I take a non-human center approach like amplify the humanity and empathy for the elephant. The site is located in and north eastern of the Thailand. This is the village. The village is a very long time. We call Bang Takang Village and this village because the village is helped and the people and the elephant lives together. And this is the main river of the north eastern. And the village is situated in and the national research forest. And the red one is an elephant world project. It's nearby and the village. You have the temple and graveyard and the hospital for the elephant. The elephant and the people what we call and the fully people live together with the more than 400 years old. In Thailand, you know, and the elephant is not our slum or forced labor. Elephants in this village is a part of the community. They are family. Sometimes it's like the elephant lives in the same house with and the human that we see in this picture. It's sometime and she's hungry. So it's tied to storing the banana in the house and the atmosphere and the environmental like and the graveyard, the temple, the elephant pool and the elephant pathway and elephant is and the column and the photo. Over the time, the urbanization has taken over the forest. So and the and the general way of the new bridge. So the forest was a dead tribe. We have no food for the elephant. So and the owner and the elephant, we have to go to the tourist city for back the money. Sometimes we have the accident. Sometimes they die. This is under the use of an elephant and a monk house in the present day. When the forest was destroyed, we have no food. We have no planted. We cannot plant anything. The elephant and the owner, we have to go to the city or and buy the money. Sometimes we have to deal. Sometimes they sit. Sometimes they die in accidents. So and we have to have the elephant doctor. So the government is and help with the law to prohibit the elephant can walking on the street. The project was commissioned by a local government to create the new home and suitable living conditions for the forest species and lost all the dead forest and bring the forest come back again. I study is about and the the everything is about the elephant. This is my drawing that we draw you about and how the elephant is related to the design. It's like in the body. It's like and we call like an elephant bingy. Oh, and we study about the elephant anatomy. And elephants, elephants still like and a famous girl and the male the male elephant. We study from and the baby elephant to and the elephant and characteristic of him like and the nose and the back and the trunk. We have to and observe about and the movement of the elephant when she just and the trunk to cut the something and thread the something and study about the distance of the elephant and compare between the elephant and the human and study about and the vision of the elephant to understand about how the elephant is perception by vision like and the human perception. Let's see at the picture like at the color, but the elephant, let's see and the picture is light and black and white and elephant is very special animal because they can smell and form and about 19.2 kilometer away. So and to find it and the water that is why the elephant look like the umbrella species. They protect the other species like and they are and generated like and the ecosystem to being the conserve and the protect the small animal. This is and the wider biodiversity conservation. And we saw and like and the elephant food the elephant is like and the plant bed. So they eat like and the nepiakas, the banana, the suka plant. This is an activity of the elephant when they eat it. When the elephant saves it, we have and the doctor, we call it an elephant doctor that we and have to and the mobile when the elephant have to see that we drive the car and to and how of the elephant to have the elephant. Like and this picture we show like and when the elephant have participation, the elephant if we get an animal. So and the owner it have him and to and to and put the inside and have him to and feel the happy. So and we see like and the elephant down. It's made like and happy. So and when the elephant die, so we have and the craft yard, it's very big craft yard for and put the elephant after they die. I interesting that something is about and from the elephant life and the certain about products. I would call life and the elephant down. It's made like and I feel like when I see elephant, that it's made like and the happy of and the elephant when we release it. So I like and when we study about and the color and we study about and let it all and the wet and after the wet when it dies and bring the elephant down. This car to and a new product like and a paper with a plant pot or and use the elephant down to fertilize it or the biogas. It's my the new project and we study and and experiment about the elephant elephant down and study for the new project for the next year. This and the elephant down can be a construction material also. Elephant is live in the one house with and the the people. This is and the police house. It's have no architect and I call life and a non-architect that's very interesting for life and this is and the old map 400 years ago that we show that and in Thailand it's not instant you have to and picture is like the elephant. It means like in this land it's an elephant land. This is and the picture it show about and the ancestor of the Kui people and now we have the two generations the old generation and the young generation. The old generation is still and the elephant but the young just and the social media to broadcast the elephant to the world. The house I study is the house of and the village people. It's very simple the real life and the how it is it come from and necessary or necessity material. It has the design it's like it's very very simple and extension it's like and a canopy if you have the more elephant using and a simple material and raw material right and the wood or and a part of that essentially. This is an instruction to show about the activity of the elephant and the human that is and living together in the one house. This is and the house of an elephant. You have to only one column and you have to double roofed it so elephants can move around and this one. The project is not the tree building. The tree facility like the big observation tower is a courtyard and a museum. The tree facility were integrated in existing the village. The first building and like a big observation tower I want to design this big tower by step. This is my first step to understand and I try to decide to apply and the how to and make the building it look like and the ventilation. So we study about and the we study with the surrounding of the tree high and study it about and the visual when and the people and living in it for they can see and the shape of the tree is different and the structure is integrated with and the surrounding when we lift the inside we look at the outside you will see light and the tree is a different shape from the idea into the real this is an under construction picture. The tower is not the vertical building but I want to and the connected like to the sky and the cloud. This is not the vertical if correlation will be in this place. The tower is about 28 meters and made and trialed from the brick. This floor we connected by the structure. The structure is different direction and when we combine it the shape of the different direction make it the people can move with every side every inside of the place and make it look like a time-talented statue. Most tower is light and being the people to come to the top that but it's my idea I want to the people to enjoy the every floor because it's and the floor has a different view so and different is like the structure is opening so and they have to take time to slow down and see the atmosphere in the different day and feel relifted by wind flow to inside and so and I decide light in the wall or the structure is like and have to and while it has opening and the floor also and the make and the rhythm of the column like and I decide is one column the one column the structure and architecture and the interior is the landscape that is all in one. The orientation of the building when it's in the sunlight cut on the building you see light and a different shape and different color that makes it a feeling with light and the part of the landscape I use if the bridge it look like in the formwork and hold the concrete to inside this building to try to restore the foliage the first tree is the first tree in this place after it's the foliage the depth driving I using and the wind is about 25 to 30 kilometers per hour it's used in the wind speed to and blow the seed from the top and then the tree the seed it blow up become tree and make it and the saluting is more and more tree from the image it become almost almost the tree is starting to grow and combine with the context the elephant is walking every day and part in this building the building is not the landmark it's a part of the elephant we are the player another building it be we and we decide like and the cultural hot yard it's for the legislation it's cultural event and religious ceremony my idea is it was inspired by in the taking the bridge house it's like and a good thing and the devil look it's very very simple architecture is the louder I study it's about of how the elephant and human will look together in the same place if it if you see this this irreversence or a section you will see light and the elephant is very big scale the human is very small there so the elephant is walk is the loud and the color is very interesting because it's especially in the food thing it's like an important food thing I try to and see the food thing and imagine the food thing it's like the money food thing I call like a food thing how start to the step and look at the table rules that scale of the human at the path up and the elephant also and the cable roof and the food thing it's become to the new building and the landscape so I want to make and this building is like and the landscape from the cable roof we cut in the middle like the hot yard and then make and cut the small hole on the roof this is and the real picture on the bird's eye view I want to make it the landscape for the inside architecture it's like and make and the cheaper or and when and the sunlight it's true to and the cloud you make it the roof it's like and the landscape and look up the ceiling and see and the ceiling and the sky the whole head is and ventilation for the inside this is and why us dimension of and the small hole on the roof this is and the last kid and a place from the inside and situated it under the roof and the elephant is come to inside and walk it's like and borderless the left line is mean and a safety zone it's four and the two cities and make it the more the far and the contour and the light and the you have a stick more and the drawing and under the construction you see light and the light and true in the roof make it and the light and the gentle slope in in this area it's made it look like in the room and the ceiling is different this time so it's feel like and you have to the room but no wall this is and the safety zone is too much for between and the elephant and the human by using the rock to and light at the bottom the rock is come from and the nearby the place you use and the plant plot and the bus out and the style you come to and the last step and the architecture when the tree go up to the plant plot and the make with the thickness it's about the one five five meters thickness up and the look that it has to reduce and the heat transfer from the top into and the building we use and telekata to cover from the model to and the real one it's like and little by little it's very very big scale with the pressure created for the unexpected phenomena light and the human scale light and the space up and the human scale and the place is called the elephant scale between and the column and the pan pot this is and the plan to show is the direction and the orientation of the pan pot with the the column is the round and the pan pot inside to help the the star is more the stronger and the dimension of and the pan pot and the foot thing it helps if you see in this picture the elephant is a tree and a column when the elephant is itchy it's light and juice and it's back to light and splashes on and the column you will see light and texture on the column this is my inspiration for making this building light and the the foundation light and wooden column also and I integrated and splashes and the quality of by using the hammer it's like that it's made from the handmade that for the texture for the foot thing this is and the texture up and the column the elephant comes inside even if the under construction the elephant will come through and to join with and this construction after the finish and when the the courtyard is open this is and the people to come to join and to see and light and radiation space up and the elephant by using a natural earth and the stone the water is very important for and in this village every year and we shocked it with the water so I would like to make it only the one thing but we got to money thing like and I did the size it's nearby the building and berm it's berm to make it for the light and the theater because it's an elephant between and 200 liter and take about it's 1100 liter of and we have to an elephant 207 elephant but right now it's and more and more so and we did the size and then we cut it on the corn 8600 cubic meter next the only one and get them all and we have to and after the finish the project we have to and the two corn nearby and the project the corn is light and radiation place is for the elephant it take about it using the bridge the bridge is very simple if the bridge is come from and the earth is near the building it's very cheap material so I collaborated with an a local force to make it a handmade beach farm the soil visit and the bridge is very important because if it and the process is like and to create the job and the income to the community I think it and because they are not the the skilled worker it's like and they are skilled workers so we we think about and we use the bridge that we understand when we when we make it the bridge to the water the first bit that related it's not cool but it and 400,000 one it I'm I'm sure that is better and we make them to be and the artisan it's created with the same of the prize for the local it's like an elephant museum the elephant museum it's like in the past of and the village exactly the museum is not this building also but with the overall like at the village at the tower with the cultural courtyard and the museum is there it it's it's the museum what happened is the museum what is my idea why I make in this and the model I like this it's related to understand and the world the people in this village we cannot stay in it the people in this village they don't know it's about and what is unfortunate from an outsider they said that if you use this elephant in this if you treat the elephant it looks like a slum but in fact it's not the elephant it's like and our kids it's our children and the plant would lie and make it lie and the gentle slope wall make it look like it and the voice it has noise and the sound in the place the different side is it and the section and the the museum is hiding inside the wall and we have and the gap and make the air and the sunlight come to cut on the water outside the people living in the room but the exhibition is outside the room this is an outdoor exhibition this is my my purpose is I want to empower the people of the feeling to take and hide in that culture and homeland the museum is like and the place is for the place is for the elephant like and the kui house is my impression the house without the door the function inside we have to and the yellow one is an exhibition area at the pond and the staff area and a technical room toilet and I make it a walkway for the elephant like and the outdoor museum when the elephant walks through inside and makes people feel like and surprising and the big ball and the chair the elephant walks it from the idea it become the rule it make the elephant make the space it have to variable like and make the wall from and hide it to touch the cloud I use in the sun and the sun to explain about and the living outdoor of and the living lifestyle of and kui village the sun which means the hot the sun is the life of and the the elephant this is and the life museum the people come to inside and look at the wall the wall with mutual with the bow and the story of and the kui people and the elephant this is and the uncle and he gets lost and his son by and the elephant is and kill his son he this is and the elephant also so and I asked him about and how do you feel that and he said that are you angry he said that and no and we choose to have to know the better and giving him in his pair he can't blame him for being who he is he is still a part of the our family I inverted the exhibition the space that we have no technology inside I just want to show is about a real life of the people and come to inside and talk about and their story to the world sometimes you come to inside you feel like and the the new experience is like an expected moment sometimes it's not the bike it comes to inside and I want to show that how how we co-exist with love it's very important because this community you have to money story the museum we want to communicate communicated the story about the happiness suffering darker for the survival and the color and fire excuse station from the outsiders the new sky walking the new wall make it a roof strip and the new skyline for the related light in the water when we pour the water in the closet I usually pour the water exactly half that's full like my design I only decided only the 50 percent for the architecture and the 50 percent it's fulfilled by the nature it's not me in this project I have learned that is it sometimes the local the local spirituality is like an arctic river that as long as in perfection misted and sometimes it makes me like the price this is our life my tree building it performs with the tree function to serve the culture in life revising water for later and build a certain harmony the project is taught in the first day the first day is transformed the forgotten village by using the local worker the local people to make it the building until the project is finished during the COVID-19 pandemic in our country the architecture it works them home the food it put down the sticker and start the whole food and the everything to broadcast to the whole story to the world no matter who you are different species we respect each other in this project I have learned that is sometimes the animal can transform the city they will bring hope and pride to the human humanity is not that about the human relationship we are there our humanity through our relationship with other living creatures on the planet the respect and content we show toward the animal the value of a human way thank you so much fascinating lecture and a lot of issues that we can now discuss such a beautifully both the work and beautifully presented I would like to encourage the audience to start uh posting their questions in the q&a who will be reading it but before that I'd like to uh Moomsar uh uh I see something that has to do with this this basically this possibility of understanding architecture not that much as a an activity that caters to human centrality but but not only catering to more than human forms of life but actually redefining what architecture can be uh as an assemblage or alliance maybe better between bricks soil saddle air with humans and more than humans uh in this notion of architecture uh that you're presented as an alliance or interspecies alliance even which in my opinion is so beautiful so challenging and so needed in many ways also I guess presents some let's say methodological adjustments to the way architects work and I would like to ask you about this what's the way that you work when the when your architecture is really mediating or or or consolidating or intervening or reinforcing or empowering this relationship between for instance humans of different nature also and elephants what is the way for instance you are rolling the process the elephants or or the quiz of the quick peoples in a process that in the past in modern times it was mostly human sector and where the conversation was just between the architect the human and the customers clients promoters how the process changes when you're catering you're providing to more than humans that have not that easy to to have a conversation with you or or to to tell tell you easily two words what they need or what they would want and uh the method of and uh my design and uh we start to lie and uh we put it and uh the human in myself so and uh we look like and uh we feel like and what the elephant it feels reply and when you have and the pet like and the doctor like so and we we we try to understand so elephant it cannot speak it like the animal cannot speak in a human language and so and uh this project i want to bring it to white form and uh elephant and what happens and elephant behavior is very important it lies with the basic like architecture standard that we study like and uh and the building criteria we study like and the dimension of and the human so it is the same but it's a different because and this project is like it's located in the middle of nowhere i have to go and that way and you have to try to and uh lie and make and lie and familiar with and the people that elephant because the elephant it it when you see and the people look like the outsider he he lies and he's unhappy you know so it means you have to go to it and it's a lot of money time to go to see that and the project is the first the project that we started by and the government so and uh yeah and the local people eat and afraid they will and destroy the money thing or the bill the thing that is not related not supported for and the village people so i try to and talk with them so and uh the try to and explain about and after and the project if the project it will set up and uh finish it to make and the people is have to better life and best ability especially elephants have to and a new place before the light and the legislation uh i think it's and uh the one thing that i have to to and this project is like and the truth take forward talking about the real not fair so that is and uh the process of the design yeah i i i really like the way that you you started also talking about senses and also the variability of senses the diversity within the way human sense and this uh connected to your uh discourse on uh more than human relationships makes me think of this uh question that roshi bright dot erased when she said uh who was the antropo of the antropo center or antropocentrion who's this antro that is in the antropocentrion because it's definitely not me she would say and this makes me think that the modern culture of human hegemony is not only about exploiting animals but it's also about exploiting humans and characterizing humans as standardized as equal and as uh as a mean to to uh to eliminate and to flatten diversity with him within human sensitivities i really like the way that you're connecting uh human bodily diversity with the need to move to a culture in which architecture provides alliance and opportunities for trans species relationships because i i agree with you that that's also a project that has to do with how humans behave with fellow humans and how we acknowledge that our sensing capacities are sensing cultures are sensing uh uh let's say spiritualisms are different and that architecture has a great capacity to mediate in this difference and and my question would be uh because my feeling is that you're moving to a notion of architecture that is not really about sheltering for instance but rather about producing opportunities for architecture or for humans to attune with other humans and to attune with other forms of life more to understand how our sensitivities require calibrations uh and how we need to do an effort to make a life something that supports other lives and that makes itself available to be supported by others i love the way for instance the tower instigates seeds to travel as a way for human slowness in moving upwards in the tower a mean for contribute to the reconstruction of the forest i have the feeling that your your architecture is not about program neither about sheltering it's more about this attunement this possibility of tunes among different or kind of mediate in the attuning of different forms of sensing am i do you think do you do recognize yourself in this this effort for attuning sensitivities and uh thank you uh it and in this project it's like uh you know if you're talking about and the program infracted and uh the project you have and uh program itself it's like and uh the program is it's very important i think the program is very important but the program is much better very good so the program every program it comes from the my research and that is the book it's part of research and to send it to and the board of the local government this is and my research the research is not from the top down but it comes from the bottom up a different from the research from a top down from the local government because it's a lot from a local government if it have to they have the different image for me they want to fly and the Disney world but i it for me i i i did agree with the idea why we have to make and the 400 will let you come to and the show like the show so and uh so i think it and uh it's about the culture it's about the nature this is and the program it's about and uh life it's about the traditional not only that it's about and that innovation also that is hiding inside this is and the program if you're talking about and my building it took like no function don't have won't serve your building don't have the function i said no no no no function it means money function like and the cultural part yeah it's not only it's a one function i'm graduated in the program at the renovation we try to my question is about and why we when we renovated is the old building it i my question is about why did building it decide for only one function in the future in our generation we can use indeed and uh 100 year function ago so and uh i think it and we have to try to and make the building it have to know function is money function the function is used it for and uh it depends on and the situation my architecture it reflected the function that reflected to the social situation at that time the problem the issue if you are the happiness you will feel like and come to inside you will feel like an atmosphere the function is the atmosphere is the one of the my function the feeling and the same is the one of the my function function it doesn't mean we use and this and this one is for being there not only function is money function it depends on and the people it's my architecture it's for the public it's for the social for the people by the people it's made from the people yeah made for and the elephant that they respect long time ago so and uh needed and the function it looked like and the material that i show in the first and the first project that the material people ask me about and the material and the bridge you like bridges you love bridges i said that no and the spiritual you know and lie under not if you see my building used and the material is a bridge building it's no not not at all i the wind is my material the style is my material the temperature is my material we have to and maybe i i i i definition is the material or definition of and the function is in in different form and the the these type criteria in the program to ask you about the way that this uh you were referring to your research uh how these projects uh start with them bottom up learning or knowledge that is produced collectively and i wonder what's the way that a project like this relates to a larger political context uh the the people have been struggling for a long time with the exploitation and the development and how that affects their forest and their relationship with the forest mining infrastructures have been harassing uh the the habitat of the of the people's and and the the form of life is really can be seen and can be understood as a form of resistance and i wonder what's the in the details of how this project uh happened and that was reflected what is the way that you see this project uh operating at the larger political scale uh that has to do with uh with the quiz struggle or the queen people's struggle uh to resist development mine in exploitation and uh after the project is completed and uh first and that we uh show in the slides and the first the first construction is and we employ and the cool people to make the building because it's and the basic of and the construction is not even of thailand is that area you have to very skill something a long time ago we have to if you if you see it's like and uh p my temple it's like an uh uncle temple the cool people is not only in thailand but the cool people it's like an ancestor it lives it's like in Cambodia it's loud also so it's and that area it's like and uh in between the area it's like and this is and like and like i tried it so and and uh after the the the project if you need it the the query is have to and you know and the elephant would have and the whole because it and right now the elephant not only in that place this place is it we have to and uh the most elephant the number of the elephant is a lot that is the most so and uh in the tourist city like and so be the patya and the tourist city in thailand so we have the elephant also but the elephant is not like and the cool it's like and that you call like a sanctuary that you call right and the tourist spot so and uh after the cold with 19 pandemics the the elephant that it come from and the cool will like that it go back home because if the tourist city have no tourist so the elephant has no job so we come back home when we come back home that this place it did come to and the tourist come here elephant don't come to and the tourist city that's why you have to accident and sick elephant a lot in the past so and this area is like and then the place is far and visited and the elephant and the cool people to come to the the culture that father 400 years ago is still there will be the the people will preserve and the traditional until the present day if you see flight and it look like and the pilot level you leave flight and the the world is like it's very modernity like it's very technology it's very social social media but in this life they adapted it like it's not like and they use it like that social media if you see in the video it's like and they put down and the sickle the two and the the the the heat and the elephant head they put down so they use and the safety state like and uh watch the lifestyle of the elephant to the world because they cannot go anywhere so they use and uh you too and uh facebook or instagram to help them to explain about the daily life because it's the real it's not a fake it's not a movie you can see that every time if you wonder if you see this but what happened is like when when the elephant is cannot it's not a poo poo so and you will see if the light is on how the people will love it if the salado it changes the house is not changed but the salado is changed the first it the forest is come back it it has the big corn full big corn before and we serve the water and the restaurant at first that we come to and decide that the project not built at that time too we have no restaurant right now we open the restaurant around the side so and right now i have the picture that we show that that we cannot show to you right and we have and uh three pizza hut that is and the people that come see uh they was born in in in this place and they we have when we have no job they go to and the Bangkok in and the capital and to find a job they reply and cook reply a chef in an Italian chef and after it has to the problem in the crisis economy or something and light and the pandemic pandemic they go back home and open with a small restaurant if it plays it's not only and job opportunity but bring the people from the city come back home and new urbanized station from the local people you can move and work in the city but if it's not your home our home is our best of both Jennifer is saying what a beautiful project it gives me hope for our humanity thanks especially uh Bonser for emphasizing respect for one another including nature and animals uh and and along these lines i wonder what's the way that you see the evolution of this project uh we are the images that you shared with us are showing the beginning somehow of a project that in the way that you explain uh it uh was meant to have an evolution you're talking for instance of a tower that is contributing to to the reparation of the forest and to a funding fresh infrastructure that is re-channeling the way elephants move in the territory and so i wonder what's the way that you would imagine and you would also uh you you want to to deal with the evolution of this project in time would you like to follow it would you like to keep intervening in it or would you like to detach yourself from it and see if things happening without your intervention the 50 the 50 percent has remained it that i talk with decide by nature and you ask me power and i after that i involved and and uh 50 percent remained it i think that i know i don't want to involve it you caught it and like and the water like and the water like and bring the water it's not full it when you pour the water it so and drink just only the half and the half left the people in full so and left there's something to put inside the air or and there's something like and if you want to make coffee it to put the coffee that inside it make it the new way of and thinking about and why we have to make it the perfect because i learned from and a non-architect like and relate people that their life is adjusted they're adjusting situation care care by care so and like and the nature also is and uh like and and uh we let it the nature is go we let and the people think about that place if you see this place can you take the advantage for this place or you let it and gone and ruin like in the past i think and i want to make the something the people think about if you have there's something it's like and very interesting it's something it's like and the architecture is for and everyone my architecture is that people can take advantage from my breathing not one but for the public no one can take advantage from this feeling this is and very important it's all right and the it's like when you come in the the place it's like the forest or and and the pond i cannot control the water in the pond but i can make the point by using the soil pick the soil and burn using the soil and the berm to be and the new place when we have to add a hole on the cloud the water is calm the water is come from the nature come from the sky the cloud or come from the underground this is not my design it's full field it's so beautiful it's full field it's so so beautiful when the elephant come to use it it's more beautiful it's very beautiful up and there the place that the water from the pond we feed to the forest or we feed to an elephant food plant the soil we have to wet it we have to moisture so and the seed will grow that's why we use it like and the cycle understand about the sustainability it for me if the sustainability is not about and something is permanent if something is sustainability it can disappear or appear sometimes maybe it's temporary people see that oh this is a temporary why the moon is called that is like a sustainability i think that i said that you know my definition of in the term of the sustainability it may lie and i certainly sustainability in my the process is very important that you ask me the process of the sustainability when the people come to see that oh i understand i it limit it reminds us to see that work and make me remember our life when we go to and another building or the other building that we feel like oh wow you see and the sustainability in mine it's not the visual when you come to the plate you see like and like and the woman left along that i i i i i i i i i didn't show it in this in this workplace When you eat, you have food, it's from an old grandmother. It's very delicious, you feel like, oh, it looks like my mother. When I was younger, when I was a baby, my mother cooked that food to me. So I think it's, wow, this is the sustainability in my definition. And Bunsir, because maybe this is a final question to wrap up. But you're in a space of meditation. And I want you to raise a question that is crucial in a day like today. And I'm kind of thinking of Marisol de la Cadena's analysis of a big conflict between modern humans and many indigenous cultures in which whereas modern humans were very much based in the existence on the separation of the technical world, the political world, and the spiritual world. Like if there were different realms that didn't touch each other. Marisol de la Cadena refers to a large number of indigenous peoples as a huge possibility to understand technology and architecture being a technology in a way, politics and spiritualism. Let's say spiritual dimensions as mutually interdependent and actually entangled and implicated. I want to ask you about this because I think that your spirituality is quite important in your practice, right? And the notions of spirituality are also informing your vision of ecology, politics and architecture in a way. This is something that of course has been hugely repressed in architecture through its modern engagement. And I would like to know how you see this even in the place from the position of place from which you are, where you are now, right? Yes, and talking about the technology and in our lives we cannot avoid the technology. So we use, but the technology is light and instrument. But spirituality is very important because it's light and abstract, not concrete. But the spirituality is light and the feeling. But if you see light and the AI or the high technology, there's no life. If I feel it's my work, it feels like the living place, a place for everything living. If you use technology, maybe it's very good. It's very neat, very clear, but it has no feeling. My feeling is made from hand by hand, use and the power. So this is another technology. This is hand technology. So I think the third technology is light and I don't want to make my building look light and use technology as a whole building. If you feel warm, you will feel remembered. Spirituality means remembered. If you feel that you go back to home, if you feel you remember. When you go to everywhere, it reminds me, it reminds us. It's about once we have been that way. It looks like that way. It doesn't mean copy, but it means light and the impression. The human is a very special species. They can adapt to everything. So when someone created high technology, human is adapted. But the technology cannot adapt to the human. Everything that is made is light and technology. It means light is for the human. It's too hard. It might look like it's too hard. I live in the Global South. Our country, our place lives in a place in the Global South. It's very least in natural resources, which you see in the picture. It's human. It can't do money anymore to grow up. We have water, river. Now we can take and benefit from a natural resource. To make something that benefits it from every species. And make it for every species it can use. Not only the human. The Global South, especially in Thailand, we are thinking about. This one. Especially me. We decide everything is around me. Not far from me. It's difficult because I don't understand what is far from me. That's why I think about it. Because it's my basic education. I studied only in the domestic university in Thailand. I never studied abroad. This one is your university in one of my dreams when I was young. It cannot be done. I think it's about... When I... I never studied abroad. But I tried to understand by reading the book or listening. But my ear is not functioned for the listening. In the past, we don't have to really advance in social media. We try to listen from and accept it. I understand the language by reading your lipstick. And I think it's... This one is very important for me because... The people think about it when someone cannot go to study on the board. But for me, I think maybe it's advantageous. It makes me feel... It looks like an orchid in the forest. So we understand about the theory from the master. We understand about the process from the master of architecture. But when we go back and we live here, we can understand and adapt it. And so we think it's... We can adapt it some theory, not at all. So we try to learn from the village people. That is... Naomi learned from other people who didn't architect it. Like my wife, she's a lawyer. Her way is different from me. Her viewpoint is different from me. Always the comment is my worst. Your worst is I don't understand what is your worst. What you do with it and that. But this comment is very important. Because at a viewpoint, it comes from the people who are not architected. People who are not architected about the design. But it comes from the common people. That's why when I teach the students, when I invite the reviewers to come to it, sometimes I invite the boy and the girl to comment it. Because the children are very clear. It's a very clear idea. And they are not lying. Yes, they lie or they dislike. I think it's very important. My meaning doesn't mean... I think if you study on the board, it's very good. If I can choose that, I choose to study on the board. But if I have no opportunity, so I have to learn to perform the language, the environment, the people. That is a lot. Thank you so much for sharing your beautiful and important work with us. It's been a pleasure to be with you here tonight. Thank you very much.