 The most recent Michigan Public Policy Survey here at the Ford School included a battery of questions on public sector employee unions among local governments in the state of Michigan. So these are counties, cities, townships and villages all across the state. And what we found is that 27% of these local governments have employee labor unions, relatively small percentage. But among those jurisdictions, 78% conducted negotiations in the last year on a variety of topics such as employee pay, fringe benefits, staffing levels and work rule changes. Across these four topics, the most common outcome was union concessions on fringe benefit issues. Among jurisdictions that negotiated on this topic, 69% report that labor unions made concessions on fringe benefits, only 5% report that the jurisdiction made concessions. Well, we think that these union concessions are driven by a number of things. Certainly some of these state laws are having an impact. But a number of our local government leaders told us as well in their jurisdictions the labor unions came to the bargaining table this year, ready to make concessions because they understood that their employers, these local government units are in fiscal distress. The bad news for unionized employees among Michigan's local governments is 60% of these jurisdictions expect to seek new concessions in the upcoming year. Among jurisdictions that are significantly less able to meet their fiscal needs, 85% expect to seek new concessions from their labor unions.