 A very warm welcome to all of you and thank you very much for making the time to join the session entitled the challenges of scaling up and financing ecosystem based adaptation in Africa and having a critical discussion on the role of innovation and innovative financing solutions. This event is co-hosted by IUCN frames of ecosystem based adaptation UNEP, the global adaptation network and the global resilience partnership. We're all very excited to have you here. We have a very engaging session planned for all of you. And whilst we all have our CBA hats on, we asked you to also put on your innovation hat, and for us to convene and have diverse perspectives with interesting and crucial topic, not just for Africa, but for the world in general and the crucial role this will play in building community based adaptation. Next slide please Oscar. So while while we wait for the slide change, just a few quick house rules which I'm sure you're all familiar with. When you're not speaking please put your microphone on mute. We encourage you to put your name and organization into the chat so we know who's with us today. And also please feel free to drop in links and resources and drop in questions as well. We do have people who are monitoring the chat will try and answer you and facilitators as well. Where possible and where time allows will try and address your question when plenary arises very quickly to run through the objectives of the session. Firstly, we want to create a more understanding around the main barriers to scaling and financing EBA in Africa. Many of these barriers will be quite common across a lot of the EBA discussions that are taking place. But we hope to unpack that a bit further contextualize in terms of Africa and get a better sense of where we stand on this issue. Secondly, we want to interrogate the role of innovation and overcoming these barriers and certainly innovation is something that is the lot as a framing for how to approach challenges not just for EBA but across multiple development and climate change areas. Thirdly, we want to gather diverse perspectives on scaling and financing EBA in Africa, and particularly on the role of innovation, but the role of innovative financing solutions. And it's crucial to gather and and consider diverse perspectives. And I'm sure there's a lot of experience in this call, we really encourage you to bring your experience and your perspectives. And we have a series of opportunities throughout the event do so. And fourthly, we want to discuss current and potential innovative financing solutions and catalytic approaches. So please do share share share and engage just to just to run through the agenda very quickly. We'll be having a brief presentation from Dr Richard Monang, who's the Africa Regional Climate Change Coordinator and also a focal point for EBA FOSA. We'll be doing a very brief introduction to how the breakout discussions will be run. The second part will be the breakout discussions themselves focusing on three key barriers identified by the Global Commission on Adaptations Adapt Now report. I'm sure many of you have come across other reports and literature that I've tried to define these challenges, but we've tried to keep it a bit simpler for these breakout discussions but please do bring in that knowledge and that experience. And the third part three will give a brief introduction to the nascent global EBA funds that IUCN and UNEP are working on and then have a plenary discussion specifically on innovative financing solutions that this global EBA fund aims to catalyze. So without further ado, I'd like to invite Dr Richard Monang to switch on his microphone and his camera and to give us a brief presentation on removing barriers to upscaling EBA and the crucial need to move from a siloed approach to an integrated approach. Dr Monang, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Amil and the colleagues who are joining in. It's a great pleasure to be here today and I will start my presentation firstly with an African proverb, which goes does that a forest cannot be cut with a broken axe. I'm not advocating for cutting or trees, but just as cutting down a tree calls for effective tools, preserving and enhancing ecosystems that underpin life on the planet is no different. And just as we know, money is sharper than the sword. This is demonstrating the socioeconomic value in how EBA can put food on more tables, more money, more pockets, jobs and enterprises and catalyze competitive economies. In other words, as a popular thing goes, show me the money. And so where is the money when we talk of EBA or CBA. The recent UNEP and FAO report, which was released just a few days before the world environment they showed that while humanity is already over drawing ecosystems by up to 1.6 times restorative action yields a fortune. The US dollar invested in restoration creates up to $30 in economic benefits. That's a 34 return. So the message is clear. Reversing ecosystem degradation equates to recouping billions in economic opportunities. These indirect finances are at the core of how EBA unlocks innovative financing opportunities and Africa's EBA landscape is dotted with pockets of successes from east to west, not to southern central. For example, in Togo, the rehabilitation of cashmen areas was shown to drive the renewal of Adam water level, the resulting increase in water availability incentivize local communities to expand tomato farming and out of these communities. We're on track, not only to reverse poverty, but in up to $30,000 per year in Mozambique, an investment of $120 per person to rehabilitate depleted mangroves and establish craft farming as alternative livelihoods for coastal communities restored mangroves and prevented encroachment on these natural bofas against coastal flooding. These are just a few examples and they go across the entire African continent. EBA across the continent is visible. But the most important aspect we need to understand is that Africa has invested significantly in enabling legal and policy frameworks. As we speak today, 52 out of 54 African countries have ratified the Paris Climate Change Agreement, making Africa the continent with the highest compliance rate. Specific, what adaptation six countries have submitted a national adaptation plan. In addition, relevant to EBA sectorial policies such as climate smart agriculture are commonplace in most countries across the continent. What is not needed is to fuse these two critical ingredients for upscaling EBA, a rich array of success stories on one hand at a high level of strategic and policy goodwill to achieve accelerated upscaling and these calls for innovations as follows to inform EBA body of knowledge for the next level. And the first is we must divers from silos to complement EBA with value addition. EBA alone might not be able to take us that far. EBA on its own has recorded successes across the continent, but to unlock competitive socioeconomic value. What is needed is that we must add value to what is produced using EBA to maximize socioeconomic opportunities. And this must be done without piling up aggregate emissions that compound climate change. And for this clean energy and mitigation actions should be prioritized. And this does not have to be capital intensive value addition but rather solutions that are accessible to the majority in the informal sector in the continent. For example, just simple climate action solutions of solar dryers is that the likes of farmers in communities are proving through the work we do that they can increase earnings up to 30 times of people in communities. The scalability of this approach is multiplied when we consider that Africa is losing 48 billion US dollars each and every year as a result of inefficiency in the entire global region. This means applying EBA alone will all increase losses in ecological resources as resources expanded in production and end of homeraging as much the post harvest losses that we're seeing in the continent. But if you combine it with clean energy for value addition will reverse losses and talk into billion dollar worth of value added enterprises. This is an approach whereby we cannot see adaptation alone but leverage mitigation to power adaptation and that takes me to the second point, which is unlocking niche markets to EBA. There is a growing market segment of consumers across the world and mostly in the continent that pays more for the price of food that is produced certified in an organic way that is healthy and is produced in an environmental compliant way. And it's well by increased public knowledge of the link between what we eat and our health, making consumers more sophisticated on their food choices to prepare validated, natural, validated, non chemicalized food. And this is the niche for EBA. For example, through UNEP's work, working with country, what we are seeing working with National Standards Bureau, we are seeing EBA being integrated into national standards. And standards guidelines are an affordable, effective technique to achieve compliance to health, safety, and organic standards benchmark. Through this, we have EBA being off scale through a market tool where any business willing to have their products certified, they are required to apply EBA. And that takes me to the third point, financial innovations. These are in two dimensions. One is in what I intimated before, where application of EBA is a tool for reversing degradation risk, and by this we hope the billions in socioeconomic opportunities loss each and every year. Commercial banks and microfinancing organization or institutions are critical to this end through implementation of the risking tools. These by mandating use of EBA approaches for farm level activities as a critical for mitigating against climate change and lose crop value. And by this, lower the risk profile in agricultural finance that has limited the participation of commercial banks because of perceived high risk. The other dimension is in leveraging informal sector financing structures to finance upscaling of EBA. As we're speaking to the up to 90% of Africans live in the informal sector, they are in the informal sector, they operate outside the mainstream banking system. But most are members of community cooperatives that are weaved into the community culture. In some countries, cooperatives are responsible for up to about 45% of GDP and 31% of national savings and deficit. The big question is how this system can be leveraged to finance upscaling of EBA. And the answer lies in what we call co-operating around value added solutions. What we are seeing from our work across the continent is that actors already using EBA can be structurally guided to convenient and cooperate around value added solutions. Value addition accessories like simple climate action solutions of solar dryer. Using these accessories, they can reduce their poor harvest losses and increase their earnings up to 30 times. And this enables them to increase their savings in their local cooperatives. With these savings, they can afford to invest and expand the application of EBA. This forms a virtue cycle of saving and investment by informal sector after that resolved in upscaling EBA. And that takes me to the fourth point. You cannot discuss EBA in the continent ignoring Africa's sovereign capital, the youth. We must prioritize human capital investing in youth by structurally guiding them to continually improve, adapt their skills and talents and tap into their creativity and ingenuity towards finding purpose in enterprise that upscale EBA is a formidable strategy. And this is what we're doing, leveraging on innovative volunteerism, inspiring young people so that they can find purpose and tap into opportunities. Under direct impact, young people are turning agricultural waste into a fertilizer. And they're providing these are sensible organic fertilizer solutions to substitute the costly chemicalized fertilizers. By so doing, they have registered profits to establish an enterprise which becomes a pull factor for increased EBA investment. And that takes me to the last point, policy innovation. Policy is the biggest driver of changing whether we like it or not. But as I said before, Africa sometimes jukingly talked as a cemetery for policy and yes, it is true. Africa does not lack in EBA policy per se. The gap lies in implementation. And this is because these policies are mostly not empirically informed by proven enterprise actions that are already working on the ground. And by these ensure that they can be more targeted at incentivizing successes so they become the mainstream and not the exception. For example, a climate model and cultural strategy exposes value addition, which, as we have seen, is critical to ensure efficient utilization of ecosystem services. Data in the efficacy of climate action solution just simple solar dryers for example provides an objective basis for the optic as tools for implementing this climate model and cultural policy. And by these drive EBA and CBA actions. EBA approaches therefore in increasing yields and leveraging on these simple climate action solutions in preventing afrotoxin among informal sector producer was used to recalibrate national food safety standards in Uganda in Nigeria. And this is becoming a win or change across the continent. So what is the point when data is leverage and integrated into structures that are not necessarily true. EBA then can be brought to scale even in non environment and non environment ministries or sectors is integration means that any actor willing to be certified in these standards must apply EBA as a tool for compliance. And by these we see such policy provisions in non traditional areas leveraging on EBA as a tool for compliance. This is in terms of scaling EBA. So what is the point. We must move away from silo application of EBA alone to an integrated approach. And because this is the only panacea in bringing EBA impact to scale as we create the needed socio economic opportunities for youth and transform economies. Thank you. Thank you very much Richard and thanks for this very very great presentation. I will know be talking about the breakout groups, which are the next parts of our session. So the if you are not aware of what breakout groups are. These are a way to divide the participants and have specific teams that can tackle specific challenges and answer specific questions inside breakout groups. So in today's session, we will have three different breakout groups, there will be each of them focusing on one of the main categories of barriers to the upscale of EBA and CBA identified by the global commission on adaptation. As you can see from the screen and sorry this is not in presentation mode. Let me just quickly put it in presentation mode. So as you can see from the slide, the first category of barrier is the lack of awareness and understanding of the world of natural assets. The second barrier is the weak policy and regulatory environments and governments challenges and the final barrier is the limited access to finance for applying and scanning up natural based approaches. So the objective of the breakout discussions really is to link the role of innovation in addressing the respective barriers and as Amel mentioned in the introduction. This is an interactive discussion so please feel free to share some thoughts to share your experience and also to bring some examples to the discussions. The breakout discussions will last for 25 minutes and then we'll have 15 minutes for a brief summary overview of the main key takeaways from the different discussions. You can choose the breakout group you would like to join, just make sure to join one group where you know you will be able to participate in the discussion and that is of interest for you. During the different breakout group there we have one report group that will capture the key takeaways and it will be done during the live presentation. And at the end of each breakout group we will make sure to keep at least two minutes for all of you to be able to add any key takeaways that are missing from the slide. And finally after that we will present all these different key takeaways in the binary session. So let me know, introduce you to our wonderful breakout group host. Today we have three speakers and I will start by introducing Kretis and Tonga, who is the executive secretary for the aqua farms organization, and we will be hosting the breakout group one on the lack of awareness and understanding. Over to you Kretis. Kretis. For me, while Kretis is trying to connect, maybe we can introduce, instead, Miss Cecilia, Kenyutia and Jenga with the head of the UN and brand program office in South Africa, and we'll be hosting the breakout group two on policy and regulation. The floor is yours, Cecilia. Thank you very much, Oscar. It's indeed a great pleasure for me to be joining the session this afternoon or morning, whatever the time is wherever you are. My name is Cecilia Kenyutia Jenga, I'm the head of the UNEP office based in Pretoria, South Africa, where I also lead a program and project around climate change and specifically ecosystems based adaptation. I will be facilitating the barrier to a discussion around barrier to which is on policy and regulatory environments and governance, and looking at the challenges that influence the attractiveness and feasibility of using these approaches. Specifically, what I'll be seeking as we interact with you in a very inclusive and participatory manner is basically to see how we can strengthen inclusive governance and overcome structural barriers to increase the financing of community based adaptation and ecosystem based adaptation in the region. I'll also be wanting us to look at how we can strengthen institutional capacity and take policy to support adaptation scaling upscaling as we do know a lot of the activities happening very much at the local level and also looking at the national adaptation plans and NDCs, which would be used in support of upscaling and seeking increased financial solutions for CBA and EBA. I will be seeking to hear from you examples of what you're doing in your various countries in your various projects in order to enrich our conversation. I deeply look forward very much to our conversation this afternoon and I would like to welcome you to consider participating in Breakout Group 2 on policy and regulation. Thank you Oscar. Thank you very much Cecilia for this good introduction. I will now introduce Miss Mandy Barnett, who is the Chief Director for Adaptation Policy and Research Center for the South African National Biodiversity Institute. And Mandy will be hosting the Breakout Group 3 on the lack of finance. Mandy, the floor is yours. Thank you so much Oscar and greetings to everybody. Oscar said my name is Mandy. I'm from the South African National Biodiversity Institute in South Africa. And we are an institute that sits under the National Department of Environment that works with biodiversity science and policy. And we're also a direct access accredited entity of the Adaptation Fund and Green Climate Fund. And we've got a fair amount of experience working in those financing spaces. And we'll be discussing in our group barrier number three, which is the limited access to finance for applying and scaling up nature based approaches. I thought that the introduction from Richard was fascinating. And, you know, one of the, the calls to action Richard from you was why are we doing this in silos. And, you know, why do we separate ecosystem based mitigation from ecosystem based adaptation is something that we can ask ourselves as part of that framing. So a number of specific questions will be asking in the break breakout group, including how can equitable and flexible adaptation finance be strengthened. What is needed to shift to long horizon planning for CBA and EBA. And how can we diversify the investments from different finance sources. One of the questions I'll also be asking the group based on our own experience. Is it just access to money. That's the problem. And what else do we need to do in our institutional environment to receive and spend that money. So I look forward to the discussion and look forward to meeting you some of you in a few moments. Thank you. Thank you very much. I'm indeed. And no, I will try to come back to Mr. Cradis and Tonga as I explained before is the executive secretary for the aqua farms organization and it will be hosting the breakout group one on the lack of awareness and understanding. Critis over to you. Thank you so much and I'm really sorry for the my clothes. My name is credit to some Tonga I work at aqua farms organization. We have been doing a walk around mangrove restoration. And currently we are in the mentorship stage in partnership with the ocean resilience. So that to develop the blue carbon project here in Tanzania. As you know the mangrove people, they depend much on the mangroves, they face pressure but we want to work with them to make sure they, the mangroves are there to protect the costs and then they gain the benefits from the carbon trade. So I'll be facilitating the group on the discussion around the lack of awareness. In understanding of the role of the natural assets. I know Dr. Richard already mentioned all the benefits of the ecosystem based adaptations and so the question is why why most of the countries in different situations. The countries and regions are not recognizing this so we will try to explore the gaps to why there's less awareness on in this case so you are really welcome to join me on that discussion. Thanks so much. Thank you very much greatest and thanks again to the three of you for hosting the breakout groups today. So you will know all be able to join the different breakout groups, you should normally be able to click on one icon that is at the bottom of the zoom window and it's called divided into groups, and you can choose the group that you would like to participate to. So we will wait for everyone to be in the different groups and then we will start the discussions and of course we'll all be together again in 25 minutes in the plenary session. So please, you can know all join the different breakout groups. So, I will be sharing my screen to showcase different key takeaways from each session, but now I will pass the floor to Liz. So please, please, over to you. Thank you so much Oscar and welcome back everyone I think we're all trickling back into the main plenary room. I would have the privilege of being able to jump in and out of the three breakout sessions and what I saw was extremely invigorating and I and I saw a lot of really great conversations happening so I hope you found the same. And what we'd like to do now is take the next 15 minutes or so to go through some of those key takeaways from each of the three groups. And then hopefully we'll have a bit of time also to facilitate a bit of discussion between the groups and also with members who are not in the group but would like to add some information there. We're going to start with the with the group one which was looking at the barrier related to lack of awareness and understanding of the role of natural assets and this group was facilitated by credits and and supported by Oscar as repertoire and Oscar I already got those key takeaways up on the screen. So I'd like to hand it over to you criticism and Oscar to go to take us through your key takeaways from your session. Okay. In the breakout session we had a really nice discussion on the issues around lack of awareness and actually there's some comments on on the issue is it really lack of awareness knowledge or capability to communicate this knowledge and we. I mean participants mentioned that of course there's lack of awareness and knowledge at some point, but they really available knowledge and case studies that have proven to work. Are they really getting down to the communities and policymakers that was another questions that. Yeah, even the available knowledge and existing case. Good studies have not been deep down to the communities, maybe on the way they are prepared how how is the message is being packed to feed people from diverse group to understand what they really mean. And there was an example from lucky initiative. You had Lillian from UN FCCC who they they've been working on in addressing the knowledge gap. And they found that the knowledge was not accessible to everyone. And there was a need to repackage the knowledge and that's what they've been doing. And, and this has been an issue in implementing the ecosystem based adaptation because you first need to and to educate the communities and then start over explaining to them what you're doing. And then, apart from that we talked about innovation. And in that way, there was different innovation mentioned by all that they're developing systems that they can engage with the public making sure that they understand the role of ecosystem based adaptation and also the role of partnerships. Also Lillian mentioned on on on how they are partnering with, you know, universities and sharing knowledge, you know, different university of different expertise at different levels. So they had a project that they share knowledge so knowledge sharing was very important also in raising this kind of awareness in the institutions. And also, in terms of upscaling these initiatives. There was a very strong point that mentioned that we need to really integrate with the communities to understand their needs, because they live with nature and they become very attached with nature. Mike mentioned that there's really needs if we want to upscale innovation could be in form of replication, for instance, but in terms of replication is not really necessary that they replicate like copy your thing, because they should integrate that with the local community based on different usage. Yeah, that's from from my side and Oscar if you have anything to add. Thanks a lot, greatest and thanks again for everyone for participating into these great discussions. I think one thing I also want to highlight was the fact that it has been mentioned that these transfer of knowledge should not be done only from the global experts and the global community towards the local experts but also, you know, the indigenous knowledge and the knowledge from the local practitioners and from the local communities should also be brought into the global discussions, because this will help the people working in all these big institutions and the people who have the funds and can help upscale these different initiatives. It will help them understand what is out there and what is needed. I think also another very interesting point was the fact that there is maybe a little bit of difficulty sometimes for people to be aware of the different funding initiatives and opportunities that are out there, and also maybe it's a little bit difficult for them to get into these different funding opportunities when they are the ones who already have a lot of great innovative solutions that can offer and that can then be upscaled and replicated. So this would be also very interesting to see how we can make sure that all the different funding opportunities and then, for instance, thinking about the global EVF can really just be known of all the people working on these initiatives. I had the last comment about trying to have a better understanding of what is scaling up, which also I think is a great future discussion that we will have. So thanks a lot, everyone. I don't know if anyone else from the group maybe wants to add something. Maybe we're already over the time, so Liz, maybe over to you. Oh, I see that James has raised his hand, so maybe. Yes, please James, please go ahead. Thank you. Consigning the awareness. I'm of this opinion with the community base because most of discussion here talking of the local people at the local level. A demonstration would take us a long way. Consigning the normal phenomenon of the EBA approach with other system venues. For instance, the area of climbing smart agriculture, I'm taking a scenario of agriculture. A demonstration, we would look at people to see the difference between what result EBA we bring and the result the other area of innovations we bring. For the way, especially the area of like in the Baphosa, the ecosystem, the agriculture, the Baphosa angle, food security assembly, where we have the youth already demonstrating the use of a solar energy in the value addition. You know, when you are bringing the area of social economic and environment, the people who adopt this economic, the one that put more money in their pocket rather than thinking the environment, whether the climate is changing or not, it's not a business. So we must be able to have to prove a proof of concept to them that this thing is working and that was a Baphosa energizing with our youth coordinator Dr. Richard Munan. Thank you. Thank you so much James and I, I, I hear that that role of the making making the added value clear and involving youth I think those are extremely important points to raise in this area and probably in the other groups as well. So as we go through these this recap in this plenary session I'd like to welcome everybody who's in the session to please do ask your questions and you may direct them to a specific group. If there's anything you'd like to add if you weren't in the group but you would like to ask a question or add any points or make a parallel to maybe one of the discussions you had in your own group I very much welcome that in the chat. And we'll we'll try to get to those questions during this session. I'm going to move over now to group two and ask Cecilia, as well as our rapporteur for the group. Yes, for if they can present their key takeaways and I see them up on the screen. Breakout group two was looking at policy and regulation, and I will, I will hand over to you for a few minutes of recap of your key takeaways over to you Cecilia. Thank you very much, Lisa. We had an extremely vibrant conversation in group two and I'll just highlight some of the key messages and takeaways from this group and call them nuggets and also allow other group members to contribute. What we've agreed in this group is that policy is the biggest driver of change. And it's really the way to bring silos. We recognize that there is need for more policy coherence. We find the EBA policies pattern across all kinds of policy in agriculture, in commerce, in environment, in water etc. So the need for a much more coherent approach in policymaking, but we also identified that current policies are quite weak. It's not strong enough in order for us to very ably be able to address and integrate EBA into policymaking, leave alone the budgeting aspects of our process. And where policies exist, we also realized that there is enforcement, particularly of legislation is quite weak. So the need for us to strengthen legislation so have policies, but also have an enforcement framework in place in order for us to achieve that. We realized that empowerment is key, that people do development for themselves. So a policy framework is an enabler for action and for real transformation where people take responsibility for real transformation in integrating EBA. We also realized that the current development discourse of philosophy is lacking in terms of having an EBA content in it. And therefore the need for us and one of our participants said, which should be business unusual, not business as usual in terms of just adding in EBA but really transforming the way our development discourse is currently being developed. The existing planning system also does not take into cognizance EBA and therefore the tools, approaches and methodologies that infuse EBA need to be better streamlined. We spoke a lot around the whole issue of institutional strengthening and how can we effectively and practically do this. And we had an example from James that emphasized the need perhaps for a policy task force. Again, that is multi-departmental, multi-ministerial, you know, agriculture environment, commerce industry represented in this task force that can drive policy change. We also talked about the whole essence of community governance, cooperative governance at the local level and being very critical in terms of driving change and ensuring that local development plans and policies are very well understood at the local level. People and communities have a role in decision making, etc. We also talked about public-private partnerships and policies that support this collaboration being crucial in terms of looking after our ecosystems but also the need for policy harmonization and coherence. We noted the lack of data that evidence-based policy making, evidence-based decision making can only be effective if we have adequate data that can inform policy and be able to influence the decisions that are being made. But we also emphasized the importance of citizen science and indigenous knowledge has been critical in this process. The need for inclusive policy making and implementation backed by gender analysis and being people-centered are being extremely crucial. Richard Munang emphasized the need of what he calls participatory democracy. People do development for themselves and therefore the democratic process in terms of our governance structure should be empowering and should provide the necessary tools so that people can be able to participate in their socio-economic development. As I said, it's not business as usual, it's business as unusual in the policy landscape. We need to demonstrate and show the value of what EBA brings into the developmental and sustainable development process. By showing in real terms and practical terms the socio-economic dimension through evidence and data, are we increasing yields? Are we improving the soils? Are we creating new jobs? Are we creating new jobs, etc.? We need to have this information and data to influence policy. And we also emphasized in the popular statement that climate adaptation solutions are powered by mitigation and could be able to leverage from the non-environmental sectors, both in the socio-economic realms. So we had quite a rich contribution and I'd just like to stop there and allow others to add their voice on this key takeaway. Thanks, Lisa. Thanks so much, Cecilia. And I'd like to ask anyone who would like to add, anyone who is in group two would like to add anything to that already excellent overview of the discussion. Anyone else would like to jump in, please feel free to do so now. And I'd also like to remind everybody who's in the session now with us, please do give your reactions, feedback, questions or comments in the chat and we'll be happy to get to those as well. I'd also like to give a warm thank you in fact to I believe it was Amber who jumped in to be the rapporteur for this session. So thank you so much for that, Amber, for doing so. Appreciate the flexible action on that. All right, Cecilia, I will say thank you very much for your excellent work facilitating that session. And I'm going to jump over to the key takeaways from group three. And here we had Mandy Barnett facilitating the session with support from Wendy. And the group three was looking at lack of finance. So I'd like to ask if Mandy or Wendy can very kindly put your slide up on the screen with your key takeaways and I will hand over to you to go through those. Thanks so much, Liz. And while the slide is coming up really just thank you so much to the participants, because it was a really fascinating session and one that was way too short, because as soon as we discovered a really interesting topic we discovered another really interesting topic. And of course it really suggests that we all need more time to be able to really explore these fascinating concepts. And of course I really wish we could all just move out to in person coffee break but we could have this discussion in that way so these virtual meetings are great but they stop us from being able to interact in that way. So let's all look forward to a life post COVID where we can all interact in a more spontaneous way. But thank you so much Wendy for capturing our barriers. And so first of all what is fascinating about the group is that the lessons or the nuggets Cecilia called them came from practice. And you'll see that coming through these are not abstract in theory things these are things that come from the real participants. And the first one was that it's not about not just about new money but substantially about leveraging existing resources. And we've heard that a lot today, you know how do we in a way mainstream, this EBA conversation into service to you know everything we do. So we're not just looking to the donors to save us, but we're looking at how do our own systems in a in a then sustainable systemic way start to respond to the need to integrate these issues. And we then spoke quite a lot about this was something that that Richard triggered. I think just I mean not that it wasn't there really but that he reminded us the potential of unlocking the youth. And we heard from the epic project which has been in the chat as well. Just around how empowering youth to engage with communities is efficient is effective is able to integrate local and indigenous knowledge into the practice and really something that has been done and we need to do more. So that was really interesting. So there's the leveraging local knowledge idea. There was a very interesting example from the DRC about community inclusion currencies, which again was another way of catalyzing the economies around doing this kind of work, providing local communities in a way that we add value so so the ideas are a little bit all over the place here and that one is a little link to the value chain one that is lower down so I won't do something unless it's in my long term interest to do that. So how do we build local economies, local socioeconomic systems that make it, not just about pilots in art with external funding, but about really talking to the interests of communities and there. There were some really nice examples in agriculture, the formation of cooperatives to you know access markets jointly, you know shorten value chains, those sorts of things. Then we spoke about attached on the issue of the complexity of the foreign donor or external donor funding systems, and how as we develop these new terminologies and these new requirements. I can go on about that in my own work but things like how long does it take you to develop a climate rationale. What we do is we take the money away from where it's supposed to go and end up with lots of money in the system and not a lot of money on the ground. So how do we change that so we start to enable local actors and there's the youth coming in again to be more to have more agency in the way these funds are accessed and used and and and stop building these systems that requires such complexity that we end up putting all the resources in the wrong places. We spoke a little bit about subsidies noting that there are many subsidies that actually are perverse subsidies for for conservation for for local development and can we eliminate those and put those resources instead into adaptation conservation livelihood efforts. So let's look at the whole system, not just at these small things that sometimes are in conflict, when you look at the whole system. We need to of course engage the different actors we've heard that quite a lot. And then there's this issue about stop the piloting start the doing so again it's the stop start piloting all the time instead of going this is not a rehearsal this is life. So how do we bring our efforts into shifting our systems instead of doing these demonstration pilots all over the place that start and end and arguably don't have that much benefit for local for local adaptation or local climate change response efforts. We touched a little bit on the issue of scaling up saying that there's big pressure to scale up adaptation work CBA EBA, which comes from what happens in mitigation mitigation it's very easy to scale adaptation we still very granular we're working on the ground with local communities. We have to scale in the same way without eroding our principles so there's been a lot of talk about the adaptation principles of a CBA and you know what do we need to do to be pushing back against this you have to scale, because and what does that mean for our principles if we go to scale and then lose the, the, the sort of principles and the values on which this this work needs to be best. I think I've covered most of it. One more point just to pick up is that this idea of doing long term scaled up effort conflicts sometimes with the short term finance availability. So once again how do we look at the system to the adaptation principles touch on this idea of long term patient predictable finance. And of course that's critical. If we're to do long term sustained scalable work. And, and of course that ties in to, and let me just find my train of thought. Goodness I've completely lost my train of thought but that's quite a lot of ideas already coming from the group and maybe some of the other group members want to add before we go to the broader group. Thank you so much. Mandy that was fantastic and I think that it was it was so rich I wish that we could listen to the outcomes of group three and also groups two and one for the next 45 minutes and I'm really gratified by seeing the conversations happening in the chat as well. I'd like to just open up to ask if there's anyone else from group three that would that would like to add anything to that conversation or any points that might have might have been missed, although that was a very very rich recap. I'd like to welcome anyone to continue the conversation and any group that you were in pleased to continue to add thoughts and ideas in the chat, as we go through the rest of the session today. And I just wanted to point out some of the things that I really heard Mandy and others say in their recap that really really stuck out to me which I found very impactful statements and one of those I really like to stop the piloting and start the doing. And that was fantastic. You also raised a fantastic question Mandy about the scalability of adaptation, whether it is by its nature, whether we need local solutions whether adaptation needs to happen at the local level how scalable is it. And the fact that mitigation is probably infinitely more scalable than adaptation in many ways. And so it's a very interesting question is how we, how do we scale up adaptation when the solutions are often quite local. I really enjoy in the chat I enjoy seeing discussions around values, and also discussion here someone Melvin Thunderbane. There's power in local and traditional knowledge and that's one of the things I think we heard really in all three of the groups that power and local knowledge and the need to translate information and knowledge to a local level, so that it can be acted upon at the local and localist possible level at the same time I believe it was group two that raised the need of co creating knowledge at the local level as well so that the role of citizen scientists is a fantastic is a fantastic one so people aren't just users of knowledge and information they are also creators of it and how can we enable that how can we link into that. I believe all three groups and also my colleague Richard at the beginning of the session really touched upon the power of engaging youth, and that's, I was very gratified to hear that come out so richly in each of the discussions. And I also, I also heard a lot about incentivizing action. I'm really looking at taking a systems approach to look at the incentives that are around ecosystem based adaptation, including the need to grow local economies, and so that that question came up a lot, or that issue came up a lot throughout all three of these groups and excellent to hear I really heard a lot of commonalities. I think that we've got a hand raised and I just like to ask you Richard you've got your hand up and so do you James, please do jump in now before we hand over to the next part of our session and welcome you to provide a comment maybe Richard why didn't you go first. Thank you so much Liz for that beautiful summary I think you've touched most of the points that I wanted to raise but what I just wanted to say is that at the end of the day, in as much as we have knowledge gaps, there is also the bigger gap, which is the inspiration gap. And if you can see on the chart, there is the mention of also leveraging on local institutions so we need to inspire people so that they can become passionate to pick up what they have and deal on it. If not, we might have everything, but we'll never have the people because inspired people and passionate people can actually be the force to reckon with when it comes to taking EBA forward. So inspiration gap, a key point for EBA to be brought to scale. Thank you. I love that Richard the inspiration gap is something we need to overcome. I can tell we should rename the title of the session to overcome the inspiration gap. That's fantastic. I think that's a great segue also the conversation from group three which looked at financial barriers as a great segue to the next part of our of our session today which is where we're going to be introducing the global EBA fund to you, which is recently launched and we'll tell you more about now and we're really overcoming barriers to EBA, as well as looking for innovative and catalytic responses is really a core part of the fund and that's the heart of what we are we are aiming to get at today's session. So I'd very warmly like to welcome my colleague Wendy Artiano of IECN and Nora and Jenny of UNEP to take us through a brief presentation about the global EBA fund over to you. Thank you very much Liz. My name is Nora again, as Liz has just introduced me I'm working with UNEP to support the global EBA fund in close collaboration with IECN. I'm very glad to be part of this rich, really rich discussions that we're having today on the barriers to ecosystem based adaptation. So it's my pleasure to introduce you to the global EBA fund here today. I'll start with a short background presentation and the second segment will be covered by my counterpart, Wendy Artiano from IECN. So what is the EBA fund? The fund is a quickly deployable mechanism for supporting innovative approaches to ecosystem based adaptation with an aim of helping people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. This fund was launched earlier this year and has had one round of applications so far with the second round coming up later, which will be detailed further in the presentation. So the fund is funded by the Federal Environment Ministry of Germany through its international climate initiative ICCI, which has currently committed about 20 million euros to the fund. The fund is co-led by UNEP and IECN, who have been using the existing and extensive networks tools as well as their expertise in the field of adaptation. And using the global network such as the Global Adaptation Network by UNEP and the Friends of EBA, which is an IECN network, leveraging on this to build on the growing momentum around nature based solutions, ecosystem based adaptation, and as well as creating synergies between the project and other upscaling initiatives. So what is the purpose of the fund? As mentioned, ICCI committed 20 million euros to the fund with an aim of addressing specific gaps in policy and technical knowledge by providing rapid and targeted financial support to both innovative as well as catalytic projects. The fund is also focused on a broad thematic focus of innovation as well as agency for climate change adaptation, closing of resources and knowledge gaps, as well as encouraging creative and catalytic solutions and partnerships among fund applicants. Please go to the slide before. Thanks Oscar. So the fund is also prioritizing the closing of the fund has three strategic objectives which are addressing awareness, planning as well as the finance gaps, and seeking potentials for scaling up, which all align to the EBA barriers that we've actually been discussing today, as developed by the, as put forward by the Global Commission of Adaptation. My colleague will speak a little further on the funds about the catalytic and innovative EBA interventions, which will feed into these discussions that we're having today. Next slide please. So what exactly do we fund? So the EBA fund, the Global EBA fund provides grants of between 50 to 250,000 for single or multi-country project projects. The fund does not have any specific or prioritized regional or country focus. However, all the countries whether individual or multi-country projects must be or DA eligible, and all this information can be found on our website under the tab, what we fund. So the fund also prioritizes applicants who are well grounded in the proposed region, or in the area of work that has been proposed, and they're required to have expertise of the size or the type of grant that's actually proposed. We look to work with local communities utilizing or capturing and harnessing indigenous knowledge as well as gender perspectives in this project. Examples of some of the recipients of this funds include local and international NGOs with relevant EBA experience, CBOs, research organizations, think tanks, global and regional scientific communities, private sector, amongst others. However, we'd just like to note that UNEP and IUCN offices are not eligible to apply. Neither are our government partners. However, organizations who work directly with national, subnational or local governments can be able to apply to the fund. For more detailed information on all of this, we welcome you to visit our website www.globalebafund.org. Next slide please. I'd like to now hand over to Ms. Wendy Atyano who's going to take you through the next portion of this presentation. Thank you very much. Wonderful. And thank you, Nora. As Nora said, my name is Wendy Atyano and I work with IUCN's ecosystem management program and specifically in ecosystem based adaptation. And so in its first call for proposals, the Global EBA Fund has received over 275 applications across 75 countries with 13 projects being regional projects and five global projects. So really speaking to the global nature of the fund, representative organizations have included, as Nora had pointed out initially, CBOs, IPOs, NGOs, the whole alphabet soup, and private sector as well. So drawing from some of the conversations we've been having. And in this way, this is just the beginning. The aim of the fund is to target innovative EBA approaches that result in catalytic impact. So could you please get the next slide? In the time that we've had numerous actors in EBA have been implementing EBA for over 10 years, generating evidence and knowledge. We've been piloting actions throughout this whole time. And so now we're looking for projects that add value to or upscale the existing knowledge. Going back to the question of what we fund, you know, it has to be EBA. So aligned with the FIBA EBA qualification criteria and quality standards. And this idea of catalytic impact, we want to see, you know, what is the, what is this work going to lead to? Broadening the impact, the idea of scaling as well. And you want to add value. As this work has been implemented on the ground, what are the gaps that I've been identified? What is knowledge that needs to be generated? What is a very focused approach that seeks to target a particular initiative? And it doesn't have to be EBA specifically. It could be integrating EBA into a traditional conservation project, integrating EBA, looking at the lessons to be drawn from climate smart agriculture and how that aligns with EBA. So all of these are just very, very broad examples. And again, this is part of an iterative process, learning from action on the ground, learning from research and seeking non-traditional EBA actors, many of whom are represented here. In line with the tagline for CBA is looking at local action, generating global action. And so what do we mean about catalytic interventions? Oscar, could you go to the next slide? These are just some of the examples. It's very difficult, I would say, to define catalytic. It's very, rather it's very difficult to define innovation. And we feel that if we do define it, then we're restricting it. However, we wanted to provide some examples as a jumping off point that applicants can build on. So some of these are directed research on overcoming EBA barriers. We've identified three, but you know, what else is out there? A pilot of demonstrating actions with high potential for upscaling. And this is important, not just piloting an action on its own in a vacuum. It's piloting an action to show linkages and potential for upscaling. So moving past the piloting to the actual doing. One exception for the pilot actions is looking at innovative or unproven innovation approaches for EBA. What is out there that the EBA community is not currently thinking about that as implementers, as actors, you feel very strongly that this is the missing piece that needs to be addressed. Thinking about strategic and focused EBA policy mainstreaming, as we've talked a lot about financing today, innovative finance mechanisms for EBA, as well as bringing in the private sector and incentivizing private sector investment in EBA and de-risking lending approaches. Overall, there's the idea of pairing up innovative partnerships and collaborations, looking at unlikely matches, thinking about diverse actors, breaking down silos was the point that was mentioned earlier, and pushing toward an integrated approach. So there was the idea that came up in group two, talking about business unusual and traditional approaches such as, you know, looking at the social economic dynamics and I'm boring entirely from Celia's presentation. Thinking about one health we're talking about the impacts of COVID on the world and the economy. What world does EBA have to play on this? Thinking about technology, humanitarian response, neglected ecosystems. These are just very broad ideas. But again, we look to the actors on the ground to inform this process. What is something that we need to learn to be able to better implement EBA. And with that and thinking about innovation, I would like to pass on to my colleague Adam Borsim who's a team lead of innovative finance and system change at the Danish Red Cross to facilitate the plenary on innovative financing solutions. Thank you very much. Thanks, 20. It's a real pleasure to be here. I appreciate the time. And I'm excited to talk a little bit about what we've heard today. And just to brief you, the Danish Red Cross has offices around the world. It's based in Woodstock, but I was in Ethiopia for a couple years before COVID. The way the Danish Red Cross looks at innovation is less about the finance mechanism and more about the system, which is really interesting that we're here today talking about this topic. Just to sort of put down a layer, when we think about innovative financing, we tend to think about it as a range of nontraditional mechanisms that blend public and private capital. And it could be done through a repayable finance solution. It could be a risk transfer. It could be anything really that allows us to look at humanitarian development goals in a more creative and outcome based approach. I kind of want to ask a couple of questions based on some of the information and some of the conversations I've heard today. I think a big question in my mind that I would love to throw out there is around an EBA solution. And how would it actually work across an entire ecosystem? Because we are talking about ecosystems. And if you break an ecosystem down, there's different value points. It's a value chain and there's different entry points from farm to fork, they like to say. So if we're thinking about catalytic solutions, if we're thinking about innovation, if we're thinking about financing and accessing at different points in that value chain, then how would we create a solution that actually addresses that? And then the second part is, how does that actually work in practicality? And so I'd like to open that to the floor and see if there's any conversation around that. So if you have, I can't see everybody's hand, but if you want to just chime in, please jump in. Can you repeat the question again, please? Maybe? Yeah, sure. Yeah, the question is in the context of EBA, which is an ecosystem approach to adaptation and climate. How would we look at creating a solutions that actually go across the entire ecosystem? In some cases we may hit at one point in the value chain. Perhaps it's financing for a farmer to be able to do a rainwater harvesting solution. But then how does that help get their product to market? So is it possible for us to talk about EBA without actually thinking about the entire value chain from a financing perspective? And if we do that, what are some examples or how does that look? And then what exactly is necessary for us all to be able to work together? What does that enabling environment look like? Because if we really want to move the needle here and we want to get away from piloting, we want to step it up and think about the entire system. Right? So I'm curious to know some of the experience on the crew here. Okay, please jump in. Thank you very much, Adam. I think that's a very important perspective, though it's a question, but it's bringing a different perspective, which is pretty much providing that added impact to the topic of the discussion, which is how do we break from silos? And I think from the discussions that we had today, the idea is that EBA is part of a strategy. It is not an end, but it's part of a means to an end. And because it is part of a means to an end, it then stops somewhere if it is not connected by order in Nebulas. So I'll call them in Nebulas. So you have in Nebulas or finance. So if a model is using natural based approaches and applying organic fertilizer and then at the end of they have bumper harvest, it gets spoiled. And if then value added technologies and innovations are not brought in, for example, a simple solar dryer, for example, cool storage or a refrigerator. But that is not in the docket of ecosystem, but it's an innovation that enables the food not to be wasted. And as a result of that, you can then be able to either dry use a solar dryer store it in a fridge or in a solar fridge, which is a clean energy technology as well. And then sell it, let them put more money in more pockets and go back to use that EBA. But then a lot of aspect comes in which is market incentive, which is quite very important aspect. The market incentives from the perspective that these standards and the approaches that are being used to say EBA actually align not only to national policies but align to the national standards regulation. For example, did the actions work with the environment or did it work against the environment? Were they done in a way that is safety? Then that fetches a market beyond the immediate region in which that farmer is or that individual is and it goes beyond even the country now with the African continent of free trade, where what is producing Kenya could fetch a market in Côte d'Ivoire or in Togo, but there are certain standard and history. And then the last part which I think we need to look which is part of this continuum is now the aspect which I alluded to earlier, the policy innovations which came out here very, very strongly. Having EBA not only in environmentally related policies, but EBA even in energy policy whereby we are talking about solar power irrigation here. Yes, the solar power irrigation is not an innovation that will help power resilience that will then ensure that soils are intact. The rejuvenate the soil chemical processes, they ensure that at least the adaptive capacity or ability of communities can be enhanced especially. So the system thinking is not a one size fit all, but it is what is needed. And now then the local institutions of financing which is not cooperative, why will a mora go to a cooperative and get money to go and invest in organic, or in agroforestry when the returns are not high, but if the returns are high from the perspective that should have a see her crop, and then add value to it and make more money, then she will save more and then apply more agroforestry techniques and the cycle. So it's a visual, it's a vector cycle. So to speak, that kind of thinking needs to bring everyone together. But what we end up having is that we have EBA champion discussing EBA with EBA champions who are already converted. We're living at those who are supposed to bring in nebulas in terms of innovations from policy to markets to financing. And more importantly, even the constituency which is more important the youth full constituency getting missing out here, but EBA needs to be pitched to them from the jobs perspective to social economic opportunities and in that moment that is. Thanks, thanks Richard that's that's fantastic. Um, so we have a credits, and then James and Maria, so please go ahead. Yeah, thank you so much, Adam. I want to share my experience on what we are doing here in Tanzania. We're working with all our eyes so it's a resilience partnership. And what we are trying to do is we are trying to develop a community based blue carbon project and in this project is we are creating partnership with organization like plan vivo and the ocean resilience partnerships, which have the whole group of, you know, investors and you who can, who provides this knowledge to the grassroots level. So right now, what we are planning to do in this project is we will quantify the amount of carbon within the mangroves that has been sequenced by the trees over the year. And then, from this then we can, you know, in partnership with plan vivo we can try to resell back this carbon, and then we get money that gets back to the communities to create alternative livelihood and build resilience. In that way we are solving one problem of, you know, having alternatives in the local communities, but also this ecosystem, they're in the coastal areas that means the provides additional benefits like coastal protection, and then the the nursery area for fish. So in this kind, this system have proven to work in the coastal areas like Gazi in Kenya, but still the knowledge is like very low in Tanzania. It's, if it's going to be successful it's going to be the very first project in the carbon project in Tanzania. And I think we should in also invest more to get back to the previous discussion in making sure that different people in different region they understand one of this financing mechanism, one of these. Great. Thank you so much so just let me take one second to comment on that. We're talking about innovative financing here in some ways right and so if in that context if we think about mangroves and climate and adaptation, there's two points. There's maintenance, there's regeneration of it. There's also insurance you could use to protect it, you can create trust funds, you can think about the carbon offsetting. There's a lot of streams here and so what I was pushing the group to think about is across in a value chain from point A to point B to point C, were the points that we can link all the different financing tools and solutions together, so that they're blended, who needs to be there, what has to happen for that to take place. So that's a great comment. I'm going to move over James really quickly we have like three minutes left, and then over to Maria, and we'll see we can get another person up. So to James. Thank you. The issue of EBA, I could call it to be EBA and value addition. The process where Cannibal area about financing the EBA, without the area of value addition, we go nowhere. The value addition in terms of using clean energy, we go a long way in mitigation. Because the issue of making sure of fossil fuel being replaced by clean energy will reduce the effect of release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And basically EBA approach also I mean enhance the issue of carbon dioxide in the soil. You know we have the greatest number of carbon dioxide in the soil, more than the one in the atmosphere. So EBA perspective in the organic, putting the soil structure and texture in place will keep the carbon dioxide in the soil and that's the area of mitigation. Apart from that, that will measure that the farmers will be able to do that will increase its infiltration and percolation of water. Let me go back to the value. So James, just to connect it back to the financing part. So you're talking about. Yes, the finance perspective is along the value chain, when you finance the clean energy, how that in terms of value addition to the product, that will enhance the sales of it. Like I said, if the impotention of that will enhance more money in the pocket of who are producing it. It will be too hard to eat and we increase the area for financing people will be too. And the area of public private partners getting the coming and financing will be obscured. Great. Thank you very, very important point Maria you got a minute over to you. Thank you, Adam. I just want to just add on to the renewable energy value chain thing. We work with small world of farmers and we've brought in solar power derivation but I then go back to what Dr. Richard said earlier, the systems. No systems mapping which was done so even if we brought in and established our ecology and ecosystem best guidance in there. We didn't do a hydrological mapping we didn't bring in the engineers we didn't even bring in even the environmental management agencies to work with us. So there's also all those aspects which also need to come into play because even if we introduce specific value chains and we get them to the market actors. The natural systems also need to be linked enough so that the ecosystem's balance is not disturbed in a way that at the moment we don't have ways of replenishing that water. So the solar power derivation just going on and on and people are just drilling boreholes but we're not looking at how do we then fit back into and replenishing the natural ecosystems. So I think that is something which we should never forget to keep it the back of our minds whenever we're talking about value chains and. Fantastic. Fantastic. Thanks. Thanks Maria. So there's a big discussion around grassroots, being able to have grassroots related solutions. How do we finance that that's probably a whole other conversation that we could have how can we make tools for individual communities to spin up their own projects and be sustainable and regenerative. So that's another three hour conversation, but I have to stop there. So it's my great pleasure to introduce my colleague Amber Pierre from I use and CN and she's going to take over from here. So thank you very much. Thank you so much Adam and everyone else for providing your insights on innovative financing solutions, especially as related to EBA and climate adaptation. So it's a great way to finish off this very packed session. I now have the pleasure to present some very brief closing remarks to be aware of everyone's time for the whole session. So as Adam mentioned, my name is Amber Pierre and I am a part of I use the global ecosystem management program specifically on the EBA or ecosystem based adaptation team. Today, you've heard from a diverse set of voices, including some of my colleagues including Wendy from my UCN, my fellow global EBA fund facilitators from Michigan, Liz Nora and Oscar, and our colleagues from GRP, a meal and Jesper. You've also heard from a further diversified set of voices, including but not limited to Richard, Kredis Cecilia, Mandy and Adam, who are all engaged in various sectors of climate adaptation finance and much, much more. So thank you each for your unique contributions throughout today's discussions. And in the spirit of discussions. I'll now share some of the key takeaways from today's event, which I know have been sort of highlighted elsewhere and they're on the screen so thank you Oscar for sharing. So first appropriate innovative EBA approaches must prioritize the needs of local communities. And that includes not only youth and gender and other perspectives but also including local and traditional knowledge. And this needs to happen from the start of the project development and continue engagement for the long term to ensure buy in from the community, even after the project duration has passed. Second, it's crucial to overcome the siloed approach and adopt an integrated approach to developing financing and implementing EBA, which I know we've heard about a lot, and this tagline of moving away from business as usual to moving toward business unusual. Next, gender equality and social inclusion are crucial when discussing planning and implementing these innovative approaches, including innovative financial solutions for EBA across Africa, and indeed across the globe. And finally, we must now move from piloting to full scale projects and programs, monitoring evaluation and learning is a critical component of that, ensuring to catalyze access to novel sources of finance. And so clearly this session cover a wide breadth of topics, but we want to hear from you one more time before we log off. If Oscar switches to the next slide you'll see a QR code which you can scan on your phone to participate in a survey. I've also just dropped the link to the survey in the chat and I see Nora has as well. Note also that at the end of this survey, which is a great way to sort of show your feedback on our session, and also provide innovation or provide insights on innovative financing. And then at the end of this survey, there's another survey that's a bit longer focusing on gathering evidence on how to overcome the barriers we address today. So the longer survey provides a space for you to share your case studies and experiences in a more extensive way. To take a few moments to complete the survey, I'd like to also mention that information from this session will be posted on the CBA 15 website. We will include links to learn more about the hosting organizations, and all relevant materials mentioned in the chat, including the global I'd also like to take a moment to thank all participants on behalf of the hosts of the CBA 15 session. We have heard encouraging contributions from decision makers, program implementers, practitioners on ground partners, interested parties and many, many more individuals from across the globe. Thank you each for sharing your perspectives in the plenary and in breakout sessions. In order to scale up ecosystem based adaptation and nature based solutions more broadly, to create real impact and real climate action, we need more individuals like you all that attend a conference, even though it may be virtual, to learn from your colleagues and share your experiences. I look forward to seeing you at further CBA 15 sessions and into the future as we head into a summer full of events and negotiations before an autumn full of events, including the IUCN World Conservation Congress, the CBD cup 15, the UNF triple C cup 26, and much, much more. I'd also like to extend my sincere gratitude to fellow organizers from GRP, UNEP, IUCN, and of course, the back end organizers of CBA 15 from IID. Thank you each for your time and for bearing with our time zone differences. So again, thank you to everyone. And with that, I wish you all the best. Have a good day afternoon evening or night wherever you are in the world.