 unchecked to join in and this opening of the joint ICTP IE workshop on the physics and technology of the innovative nuclear energy system. So now we still have I believe not all people who can join, but I hope they'll join us when we come from the introduction to the other lectures. first of all I'd like to thank ISTP organization team and especially Sandro for this again perfect organization of this workshop and we always in the year really enjoying this cooperation with ISTP and we do it actually our workshop on innovative nuclear energy systems every two years almost and up to now we are happy and we are also happy with organization, with good organization of this workshop organized by ISTP as you know to attend this workshop you had to participants had to fulfill several steps and to satisfy the criteria you should prove that your ground, your expertise and present a poster and abstract for the poster session which we'll have later now I come to the agenda maybe you all have this program and we will follow this program day by day normally we have main lectures in the morning and afternoon we'll have some group activities, some poster sessions and other things including this it's not shown here but it should be today get together drink which I believe Adina, what we'll see this evening ok but this program agenda is pretty flexible we can change plus I think within this agenda especially for the group activities we can rearrange and we can change and as you know that you are all divided in four groups maybe we can rearrange later and we'll have this so called group activities and home works not only to swimming in the beautiful sea but also to do some group activities to learn how to work in team in temporary teams to solve the tasks and to solve the scientific problems or engineering problems that we arranged here so now before we go to the self introduction for everybody let me show you our lectures I have a great pleasure that's to introduce Professor Massimo Salvatorez who is attending our workshop already several times and he has been ground and now he is working as a consultant in Idaqa National Laboratory but he was spent all his life on doing this work on the innovative energy system Mainly in the CEA France in CEA Cadarage as a head of reactor and fuel cycle physics division and research director in there Massimo was leading several international studies on innovative fuel cycles and scenarios In 2002 he was awarded Grand Prix and Paris for the French Academy of Science and also Wigner award of the American Nuclear Society as well in 2005 He is a fellow of American Nuclear Society and member of International Nuclear Energy Academy and he is the founder actually of the International Summer School Rector of Physics Friedrich Julio Ottokhan which now is taking place in Cadarage and Massimo will leave us on Wednesday I believe or on Wednesday to join the school again so he is we are happy that he agreed to make his presentation on our event in the beginning of this week He has numerous papers and presentations and works on physics So thank you Massimo for joining us today and this week Another our lecture very important this time still working actively in CEA France is Christian Larger who graduated in chemical engineering from National Polytechnic Institute de Toulouse and he was involved in all French projects on the sodium cooled first reactors which are Super Phoenix, Phoenix Astrid both versions of Astrid and he is responsible and he is expert in sodium technology and other things and many other things but main his expertise and he will Christian will daily lectures to us on sodium technology mainly and also the current and recent update on the status of the Astrid program I believe So Christian is teaching in RNSTN and several other universities Welcome Christian, great to see you again here And another our new lectures is Professor Ichimiya, so Ichimiya Sensei Well now he is a consultant in the department of nuclear engineering and management school of engineering of the University of Tokyo He was long time for the long period of time he was director of the fast breeder reactor engineering center of the JEE in ORAI By the way I was also that time in ORAI working a couple of years there And he is a professor, former professor at research institute of nuclear engineering in the University of Fukui He has a long professional experience also on all Japanese fast reactor programs including Monju which is now under decommissioning and also JSFR and other projects Jojo and other And Ichimiya Sensei published for books one for structural design of nuclear facility and three for fast reactors and recently he again published a book on fast reactor system design and he will deliver on the reactor designs and other related issues several lectures on this workshop Konstantin Mikituk is also now very active in JEEF and other European projects on innovative nuclear energy system especially of course on the sodium cooled fast reactors He is working in JEEF actively and also including teaching And he is a coordinator and leader of the Horizon 2020 project called ESFR SMART He will explain the project and its structure and other things Konstantin represents Switzerland, he is from PSI I forgot to notice by the way, Paul Scherer Institute in Switzerland And here Konstantin represents Switzerland a generation for international forum expert group and the IEA technical working group on fast reactors also And another new, our lecture is professor Adrian Buiz And I didn't see Adrian, he is not here yet but he will join us later as he said And he is from McMaster University from Canada And his major specialist is nuclear reactor core physics of existing designs such as candle reactors and research reactors at Canadian nuclear laboratories And actually before coming to Canada, Adrian was professor in experimental particle physics and ultra university participated in experiments in the collider in Switzerland also I believe in CERN and design experiments of the large hydro collider And now he is a professor as I said and he is expert also on molten soil cooled reactors And he will present several lectures on this Again Dr Galina Fisyanka, representative of the International Atomic Energy Agency She is working since 2013 in the IEA on international project on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles What we call INPRO Galina will explain in the details what is INPRO project is and give you also some exercises on the methodology She is a scientific secretary for several collaborative projects on scenarios for sustainable nuclear energy development And she is responsible for many publications in the IEA And one of her achievements she was awarded in 2017 for her outstanding performance in the agency Before joining the IEA she worked more than 20 years contributing to nuclear physics education and science in opening technical university for nuclear power engineering which is also my home university as well And Galina, welcome to Triesta And I'm sure you will deliver good presentation for us Finally, we have organizers from the IEA This is Mr. Chirayu Batra Chirayu, right? And he is also working in the IEA since 2015 Nuclear engineering fast reactor technology development team He got double master of science degree from UPS Barcelona Technical University And IEA in 2013 And he was working here for the fast reactors engineering team for 5 years Or generally for, no, not for 5 years Generally in the field of nuclear engineering and fast reactor technology He is the president of the UN Nuclear Young Generation United Nations Nuclear Young Generation Organization And also I know, I missed to insert here But this year he was awarded for outstanding performance Special award from the IEA for his really outstanding performance Which I definitely confirmed My name is Vladimir Kevensov Since 2016 I am also working in the IEA In the fast reactor technology development team As it's, I have a pleasure to lead this team And from historic I got my PhD From Oblinsky Institute of Nuclear Engineering in 1994 Then I got another one It's called Doctor of Engineering From Tokyo Institute of Technology I was working in several programs of nuclear engineering in IPPA Tokyo Institute of Technology in GNC ORA Engineering Center NINPA again and KIT in Germany Karslu Institute of Technology before I joined the IEA Okay, now Before we continue, I continue my presentation I would like our participants to introduce themselves And just to say please your name Where you're coming from What is your main major in speciality And your impression and your wishes Whatever you want, just your self introduction And we maybe start, how do we start We start from that Excuse me, okay, please Yeah, please, let's go Yes, please I think we Can you please Hi, everyone I'm Houda Lyakoubi I'm a PhD student from Morocco, Titoan I pursue in my thesis on Modalization and calculation of some Neutronic parameters of an HR5 Nuclear reactor Nice to meet you Hello everyone, good morning My name is Sam Melhem, I'm from Jordan I'm working at Jordan Atomic Energy Commission I'm the head of small model reactors in Jordan Thank you Would you give to Thank you Hello, my name is Volko Andrei I'm from Romania And I currently work at The Institute for Nuclear Research in Pitesht And I study Mainly about lead-cold, fast reactors On chemistry and thermal hydraulics Thank you Hello, my name is Pablo Belino From Argentina And I work in Argentina National Commission Center And my main topics is experimental physics Dedicated to research and production reactors Thank you Good morning everybody My name is Jenet Ademola From Nigeria University of the partner department of physics I teach and I teach students React to unhealed physics Thank you My name is Yelena Rodina I'm from Russian Federation I'm working for Project PRORiCT In the department of scientific advisor Project PRORiCT was established by State Corporation Rosatom For the development of fast reactor Operating in the closed nuclear cycle My personal responsibility Research of fast reactor cause Features of reactors Thank you Good morning My name is Evgeniy Shabelnikov I'm from Russia I'm working at the Institute of Nuclear Materials And my topics Experimental testing of advanced nuclear materials Thank you Hello everyone My name is Maxim Malovitsa I'm a PhD student of VN Karazin Harkiv National University of Ukraine And I'm working with nuclear burden of wave reactors And I'm looking forward to lectures and group exercises Thank you Hello everyone and good morning Myself Bachchanov Vita Working as a scientific officer In Indra Gandhi Center for atomic research Kalpakam, India My main interest in the reactor physics Fast reactor coordinates And it's a safety studies Thank you Good morning to all I'm Raj Kumar Working in Indra Gandhi Center for atomic research Basically I'm a mechanical engineer Working in design and development of Fast reactor fields Particularly oxide fields and metal fields Thank you Good morning everyone I'm Anurag Samantra I'm from India I'm working in Indra Gandhi Center for atomic research In department of atomic energy in India I work in thermal hydraulics of sodium cooled fast reactor Especially I work in decayed removal systems That is passive safety systems of fast reactor Hello everyone My name is I'm a doctor Recently I got my PhD Connected with closed nuclear field cycle In Russia connected with the probe project Сupported by Rosatom I wrote the wrapper of code And which I will present in my post presentation Some advertisement Sorry And thank you for invitation on this seminar Thank you Good morning everyone I'm Andrei Bersano From Politecnico di Torino in Italy And my research is on passive heat removal system Both from the experimental side And for numerical code simulations Good morning everyone My name is Borja González And I am coming from Spain But working in the Belgian Nuclear Research Center In the MIRA project And I am working in the R&D part of the reactor In the chemistry of the coolants Mainly in the radiochemistry And the evaporation of different products From LBE Thank you Good morning My name is Sofia Kolovi I'm from Greece I've studied physics And specialized in nuclear physics And currently I'm doing my master's in nuclear energy Good morning everyone My name is Marco Caramello And I work for Ansaldo Nucleare It's the nuclear company in Italy And I used to work for several years For fast reactor development Both for the MIRA project And now I'm in the design team For the Alfred reactor And I work in thermal hydraulics and safety Hi everyone Good morning My name is Alejandro Campos I'm from Mexico And I am doing my master's studies In the development of Neutronic codes For hexagonal reactor geometries Hello everyone I'm Stefano Dallavecchia from Italy And I am currently a master's student Studying Grenoble material science For nuclear energy Hi everyone My name is Pedro Moreno I'm from Spain And I'm also studying My master's degree But I will study in Paris operations My name is Mark Cherfong I work for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission I'm a project officer there Before joining CNSC I was working at power generation companies Hello everyone I'm Electra Pulopoulou from Greece And I'm currently doing my PhD At the Nuclear Engineering Department Of the National Technical University of Athens And my PhD is about A computational modeling of an experimental Thermal hydraulic setup That simulates the phenomena That happen in a nuclear fuel channel Thank you Hello everyone My name is Mai from Vietnam I'm teaching reactor physics In Hanoi University of Science I'm studying the utilizations Of the Torium view in the ADS system And also the minor actinitis transmutations Thank you My name is Alexei Lankyevich I'm from Russia I'm working in IPP in Obninsk I'm an engineer researcher In the area of supercritical watercooled reactor Hello everyone I'm Rebecca Thorindom From the United Kingdom I'm a chemistry specialist Working at the office for nuclear regulation So we're responsible for Regulating the civil nuclear industry in the UK We're currently preparing To develop advanced nuclear technologies And I'm looking specifically At molten salt reactors And high-temperature gas reactors Good morning My name is Alspeth McGregor I'm also from the UK From the office for nuclear regulation I'm a chemistry specialist And part of our advanced Nuclear technologies team Good morning everybody My name is Afshin Hedayat From Iran I was graduated in PhD I'm a nuclear reactor engineer From Tehran Polytechnic in 2009 And today I'm an assistant professor Of the reactor and nuclear safety school Of nuclear science and research technology institute Of atomic energy organization of Iran Hello everyone Good morning My name is Niloufar I'm from Iran And now I'm working at nuclear science And technology research institute From atomic energy organization of Iran And thank you for this opportunity Hello everyone I'm Bahar Rustay I'm from Iran I'm working in the NSDRI Of Iran I'm studying about modeling of Thermomechanical of nuclear fuel Under irradiation Thank you Hi there I'm Konor Pashke I'm from the UK I'm a master's student Currently studying nuclear energy And I'm very glad I can finally put a face To Teraiu's name now Thank you Okay, thank you everybody For a nice introduction And also It's great to see That we have young generation Of nuclear engineers Coming from around the world First of all, of course, the main Let's say, innovative of fast reactors Countries like Russia, India France is not represented Christian It's your fault also Do you have anybody from France? No This is a big mistake also I will take note on this The next time But because probably of the school Which was organized Unfortunately at the same time As our meeting here But also from all around the world From the newcomers countries And also from the UK Let's say old cameras I know the countries Who again starting to I mean to study And to introduce These innovative reactor systems again And welcome to Trieste This is really great, nice place To have a workshop here And I hope you will all enjoy And you will get also Not only enjoy the sea But also get some knowledge From the best experts Almost best experts Not all of them But most are here in this week In Trieste To give us lectures On the innovative nuclear systems Ok, now I come back to my presentation And I want to briefly explain What is the international atomic energies What's our goals, mandate And assistance to the member states Let me start with the brief Isation assists countries With their energy planning If they choose nuclear power It offers expertise To ensure facilities are run safely And securely It provides standards and assistance To ensure the safe use Of radioactive materials Guidance on the management of the waste Generated by the use of nuclear technologies And helps nations to prepare for And respond to incidents and emergencies It's an agency that prevents The spread of nuclear weapons To ensure that nuclear materials Remain in peaceful uses It's the global platform For cooperation in nuclear security Advising countries how to Guard against nuclear terrorism And prevent the theft And smuggling of radioactive materials Providing technology and expertise Promoting safety and security Assisting sustainable development This is Atoms for Peace and Development This is the IAEA Okay, so as you see From this brief introduction Our main goals Atoms for Peace and... Can you hear me? Atoms for Peace and Development Which means the agency provides Technology on nuclear power To all countries who want to adopt To use this atomic energy For peaceful uses And also another task is to prevent Preparation of the nuclear weapons And to restrict these technologies Only by peaceful use In this view we have several working areas Which is... What we are working now is nuclear energy Which I am... Our department is of nuclear energy And we are working for this This workshop is organized by Department of Nuclear Energy Another is Nuclear Science and Applications Department of Technical Cooperation Which supports developing countries For specific projects Another department is Department of Nuclear Safety and Security Which obviously works in the field of the Area of Nuclear Safety and Security And one very important department Is the safeguards Which is responsible for the safeguards Of the nuclear facilities And verification And ensuring the non-proliferation tasks But we are here So our department of nuclear energy Is relatively small And it is responsible for Atoms for Peace and Development In terms that we provide the technology And expertise to the countries Who wants to adopt And to use nuclear power For the peaceful purposes If we go in numbers That IEA was organized in 1957 So it's already 62 years Of the international service Now we have 168 member states Which are almost all countries On this planet except North Korea Which suspended the participation Like 20 years ago And all together we have In the agency about 2500 professional and supporting staff Our regular budget is about 360 million euros It was like data for 2016 And we have also extra budgetary Voluntary contributions from our Member states is about 50 million In addition to that We have also volunteer contributions To the technical cooperation fund Which is estimated Also in 2016 About 90 million euros And this is about the money What's the budget Member states supporting the agency In its activity We have 12 international laboratories Scientific laboratories And research centers in different places And we are gathering About more than 1 million documents Technically reports Standards, conference proceedings Journals and books in the IEA library So One of the goals And our goals of the IEA They coincided and they guided By the main goals Of the United Nations So-called United Nations 17 Sustainable development goals Which are several All together 17 And what we are doing with IEA To support At least 8 of those goals Are supported by the agency Let me show briefly you Let's say What is the status of the energy in 2017 You see on this map That in the developing countries It's a view, let's say, artificial It's not, of course, a view But this is like what you can see In the space, if it's Of course, a little bit adjusted The picture, you see the developed countries And lights on there And you see, the most energy Is concentrated and produced And used now in the several developing countries While 1.3 billion people Of this planet population Have no access to the energy 1 billion people have no access To the health care due to the energy poverty And Half 2.6 billion people here Relay on biomass I mean, very primitive and simple Sources of the energy And we Believe that this should be changed And our goal to change this And this is why we have these Several Goals for sustainable development Which we want to try to help Countries to fulfill So 1st goal, which we also supported By food safety And insect pest control Which is important from the nuclear applications Livestock population, group improvement And water and soil management This is We fight against the hunger In this planet Another goal is health To improve the health It means prevention of cancer Which nuclear energy provides Types of instrumentation On means to fight it And for nuclear medicine In relation to oncology And zoonotic disease Monitoring and nutrition also So Goals 7 and 9 are related Closed to our department Goals also And we are working on this more Carefully and this is energy planning Introduction of nuclear Powers to the newcomer countries And we also Supporting development of the Understanding goals of the nuclear fuel cycle Which should be developed We also do Support the development of the research reactors It could be the first stage in deployment Of the nuclear energy And we also support the industrial Applications of the nuclear energy Not only like producing electricity But other industrial applications As well Goals, sustainable goals 6 and 14 Is clean water and sanitation And also life below water So this is all related to the water And management of the water resources And other Activities Related to the protection of water So the climate actions Life on land As you know That the climate change Which is very This is A serious problem that was Observed and started to deal with Like 20 or 15 years ago Maybe And we have really that observations The scientists provided that this climate is changing Not only temperature Grows our global warming Now the climate change in general And in this case Of course nuclear energy As we are carbon free Or as you understand Nuclear power does not produce CO2 Can contribute a lot And that's what we want And now For our department We have so called innovation technology development We publish in the industry many many documents Which are very Let's say provide full scope of information On nuclear power, nuclear energy And it's used And it starts from the big documents Like For example resolution of the general conference And continue to the very different type From very general For the policy makers Up to very specific documents Which is related to the technical aspects Of we are providing there So And this slide shows It's an inscription from our presentation What makes nuclear power unique Or compared to other power Mean unique And also I would say difficult So it needs long term government commitment First of all And also in addition Compared to the other sources Of power it needs long term nuclear Waste management This is unique, I know This is not my words It's a standard Let's say description Of what is different nuclear power Why we need government for this And why we need long term thinking Not short term thinking However the other sources of power For example from the waste management Do you consider how do you manage the waste If you introduce hydropower Let's say And does it produce the waste In principle it looks not But if you know That it will change The landscape It will remove the people You have to remove the people Especially in big countries like India and China To build big power plant And I believe in China there are the biggest Power plant Hydro power plant Which 30 gigawatt Electric But then to build this You have to remove I'm not to remove sorry Relocate about 5 Million people from their places Where they used to live And as a waste management Imagine that if something happens with this How do you manage the consequences Of this waste Water I know So but nevertheless For the nuclear energy We know from the very beginning That we should consider this When you produce electricity we also produce the waste And we should take care of this And we are doing and considering from the very beginning How to manage and how to do We understand clearly What we are doing So you also should Manage the investment Of the capital for this Because it will Pay back I know you have to wait 10, 15 maybe 20 years Unless this project will pay back And not everybody can invest In this way In addition In nuclear energy we need Well trained human resources They must be very responsible And very well trained To be able to Walk on the nuclear power plant We want to provide the highest safety standards For this And And this is We need well trained resources To provide the high level of safety and security And also We should use special safeguard And control of nuclear materials And finally We should Win the public acceptance Of the nuclear power plant Which is a long story But in many cases we are losing We cannot assure the public that nuclear energy is safe And we have examples But, ok Let's make it very difficult I mean different from other sources To introduce So this slide shows briefly The general state of the It's actually 2 years maybe Or something So How many energy was generated We have today 41 nuclear power reactors In operation In 30 countries And Under construction In 2006 67 new power plants Under consideration In 50 countries So That slide shows Nuclear capacity growth And it was stopped like after Chernobyl accident And then after acceleration Then again it was like plateau Here You see after the Fukushima accident Still We have several projects How nuclear power will develop If it stay constant or developing more For this Galina will Later today present in pro scenarios On this And there are different estimations Very difficult also to estimate Excuse me How to say If you don't know the potential factors And demand But still it's possible to estimate Still we Could estimate How many How can we develop these scenarios And how it Finally should work We should be prepared No scenarios gives you idea How can you prepare it And also if you look at this slide It's regional development of nuclear power For example In Western Europe And Eastern Europe It's relatively in projections New low estimate So the blue one is low estimate And yellow is high estimate Still it's more or less stable However if you go to countries like India and China Thanks to these countries And also other new countries Especially for China It doesn't work like expected So thanks to China For example These big countries Will require huge amount of energy And we should Think that No hydropower Or probably We don't say that nuclear energy is must here It's choice of the countries But it's logical And it shows that it should be Contribute nuclear energy can contribute If we want those countries To be At the level of the rich countries Of Western Europe And North America And Japan And other developed countries Because let's say In India consumption of electricity Now is like 10 times less than In Europe And China is already 2.5 It's more than India Because China is developing well But India will also develop This energy can be nuclear energy Of course And this general talk about idea I just want to I would like to attract your attention To the fact that we Also higher people Young talented engineers And professionals Nuclear energy to the agency And you can easily find The things How to be employed by the idea One example is Rayobatra, by the way Who was a young talented engineer Who got a job I'm happy with his performance I hope he doesn't hate His work in the idea Not yet And I invite you also to consider This possibility If you have expertise You can apply for the positions Which you can find on our website Now I will explain a little bit About the details About what we do In the fast reactor Technology development team It's a very small team Which belong to the department of nuclear energy And within the department of nuclear energy We have division of nuclear power Which is related to nuclear power And energy production And we have nuclear power Technology development section Which is goal And activity on advanced Nuclear energy system And this is this section We have fast reactor technology development team Which is Of course doing With this innovative Because most of the innovative nuclear energy system Are based on the fast reactor technology Of course For several reasons Massimo will later explain In the details However not everything And that what we mission Of our section and our team Is to have a program Atoms for peace and development So this slide shows our main activities I know maybe I will skip it Because of time But it's simply These all presentations will be Stored in the website Of the ICTP also And also on the IISO We can reach and learn something like that We have several activities And I will show you just generally What we are doing We are using so called programmatic approach One program is a modeling simulation It's mainly coordinated Research projects What we coordinate in the agency I will talk later Knowledge preservation We have a fast reactor knowledge Preservation portal And we have several Online structures and databases On Different technologies Educational training This workshop is a part of this activity Of educational training what we conduct Safety For the safety In this case technological safety We work with several organizations For example We closely work and we organize joint IEA and give workshop On safety of the liquid metal Fast reactors And technology support that includes Several CRPs also All these activities are covered About information exchange And international cooperation Of course because of international Atomic energy agency So our main activity Key activities Is coordinated research projects And what is coordinated research project This is some kind of Scientific problem Or benchmark of the experiment Which several organizations Gather together And conduct this research project Under Coordination of the IEA And To notice recently completed projects It was BN600 MOC score benchmark Analytical and experimental benchmark Of accelerated driven systems Phoenix and of life test benchmark We had two And module sodium Circulation Test Recently finished Very recently finished It was benchmark on shutdown Hit remove test on E-bar To reactors in the U.S. Now we currently Have ongoing I mean already two of several years SNAPRA CRP Which related to sodium properties And safe operation of experimental facilities As a result of this CRP We have two text books already in printing Or publishing I would say On sodium properties And we still expect from our Several participants A document And information on Safe operation of experimental facilities Which we hope to receive Soon As promised And to publish the document Also In Our lifetime framework At least So, and just we started several New CRPs and of them Is returning benchmark of CFR Startup test Which we already have First meeting of this Very interesting, I will talk a little bit later And we are starting now Another CRP coordinated research project On benchmark analysis Of the FFTF loss of flow Without scramb test CFR is China experimental fast reactor And FFTF is fast flux And FFTF is facility in the U.S. So, to give you idea What is the CRPs Let's say This slide shows Something from here With a pointer, sorry This slide shows The Ibar2 reactor in the U.S. Structures And what they did Many years ago at infarctment Was possible Several experimental tests Like shutdown tests Protected and protected For example, what happens If the pump stops And If the pump stops And what happens With the reactor core As we know that we have a decay heat And also reactor works on power Is it automatically shut down Or it's not shut down, how it works We call it loss of flow Accidents Or you have protected loss of flow Unprotected loss of flow Accident And that was studied experimentally On the sodium cooled fast reactor Ibar2 in the U.S. Then the result of the experiments Were provided to the community And several organizations From 20 organizations actually From 12 countries jointly Produced this They calculated numerically This benchmark First blindly without knowing the results And then compare the results And that gives them opportunity It's not It doesn't show which method Or which software or which code Is better It provides opportunity to validate the codes To improve the model, to update And to prove. This is the results This plot shows for the particular The result of the benchmark And you see we get together And compare many calculations From 20 organizations Of this complicated physical phenomena Another CRP What is ongoing now Excuse me Now it's This is not validation Because it's theoretical Hypothetical accident On the sodium cooled Fast reactor Это lead to the radioactive release You see that we have this How can it be developed, for example In principle the sodium cooled fast reactor Has due to this Fuel is not located, as we say In most critical composition So let's say if you remove Sodium from the reactor It will release Mainly for the most reactor Sodium cooled fast reactors In the increase of the reactivity And you can Electricity can experience secondary power excursions And Fuel can melt Inside and what happens After that If you have a molten fuel inside the reactor So this CRP Starts from the assumption That due to the different Consequences, which is you love accident Usually you have the molten Fuel Stored in the Somehow the reactor With such Temperature and energy If we don't know how much it could be But we assume that it's minimal And maximal case And then what happens with the reactor So you have the expansion phase This molten fuel will expand And this energy will Can be released as a mechanical energy as well Somehow destroying On increasing pressure in the reactor vessel So the radioactive materials So the vapor Could leave the reactor vessel Through the gaps and through the other structures This is one First of all you need to calculate How this bubble I would say I mean what they say called bubble Will expand shown in the first stage And how much Finally How much you will have Sodium vapor And what is the pressure of this sodium vapor Approximately, of course Then as you know this As an initial condition for the second stage You can calculate How this sodium vapor And radioactive gases Other also materials Would be released to the containment And then how they will be Have inside the containment Just very complicated As I say hypothetical problem Which cannot be proved by the experiments For obvious reasons And I hope we'll never have a chance to validate Such things But we should understand What happens in the worst case How can we mitigate What can we do to prevent this Also as well But we should understand the consequences Of such hypothetical accident And that is what was very complicated phenomenon Physical, it's multi-physics Includes several, several phenomena Is validated By the team of the international experts So Напросерпи Это про Sodium В этом проекте Это не беншмарк Это Получение Датам с Sodium Что мы знаем про Sodium? Проблемы с Sodium Движение Движение Миллион, ну не миллион Тысяча публикаций И наш экспорт Матилл Синс 19-го сентября И пытался их представить Движение Не рекомендовано, но референцией Движения Для различных Sodium-пропитетов И рейндж, и все Это один, который собирается И еще Это не легко Это довольно легко Потому что у нас много публикаций Для того, чтобы коллекция Для анализации И для того, чтобы провести результат И еще два задача, что мы пытались делать Это было Для того, чтобы коллекция Движение И для того, чтобы провести Движение для защитной операции Движение Это более сложное, потому что Это зависит от страны У них нет Очень открытых публикаций Для этого нужно Провести из Франции Или из России И чтобы получать данные И чтобы вы получите permision Это более сложное И, наверное, Кристиан объяснится Почему это не был очень успешным Потому что он учился в этой СРП И еще, я надеюсь, С его помощью и с его энтузионами Мы можем закончить это Существительно Мы уже готовы иметь этот Handbook На содиуме физической и химической И Handbook На содиуме куланской Это уже успешная СРП Есть новая СРП На Нитонском бейтмарке Танцентр-экспериментал-рактор Это стандартный тест Который, который Контактировал на каждом реакторе И, скажем Танцентр-энергия Управился в данную данную Для этой бейтмарки И многие Партисты, как 26 или 27 Decided to participate Они будут сравнивать Которые компьютеры Как разные типы Монте-карло-косты И другие которые И используют эту данную Которые модели и компьютеры Которые Очень интересная СРП И еще новая СРП Это бейтмарканал-рактор ФФТФ ФФТФ ФФТФ Флакс-тест-фастилит Это содиум-кул-фаст-рактор Он был построен в США И... 20 лет 30 лет назад Они делали эксперименты И пытались Демонстрировать Эти содиум-кул-фаст-ракторы Можут выжить Сколько типов accident Вместе с непротеплением Аксидент, который они называют Лосовый флой без скромных тестов Так что в этом случае Памп-стоп У них нет автоматической Особенности Это был статус Но благодаря так называемой Газ-экспенции модели Которые содиум-карл-рактор Высовывали этот accident И температур... Немного температуры Так что... Мы можем попробовать Так что В этом случае ПННЛ и Оргон-Нational Laboratory Добавили Добавили Добавили Добавили И теперь Добавление Для скачки И Добавление Трактaker Очень trudно Молтифизик, феномен, Это все мы делаем Пакет Оба СРП Я говорил об осторожности Возможно, некоторые из вас уже участвовали в этой СРП, или вы участвовали в организации, которые участвуют в этой СРП. Другая важная активация, в которой мы организовали Агентство, я организовал интернашнелл-конференс на фаст-реакторах и религийных сайкл. У нас уже было три конференса, в Киоте в 2009, в Парисе в 2013. И последний год было интернашнелл-конференс на фаст-реакторах и религийных сайкл в Киоте в России. Это было просто brand new sodium cooled фаст-реактор, который был поставлен в операцию. И эта конференция привлекает много внимания от многих экспертов и инженеров в мире. И я рад, что я contribute к организации на фаст-реакторах. Мы проводили каждые четыре года как олимпийские игры, скажем так, и следующая конференция будет в 2021. В Парисе в Вене, наверное, и в Киеве. И я приглашаю вас всех перейти и субтитры, чтобы заметить, что в первых 17-х у нас была молодая генерация Evans Эвен Северл. Мы выбирали лучшую презентацию и это была аварда. Черай организовал это и он знает очень хорошо, как организовать. Это был один авард для следующей генерации на фаст-реакторах. Это было панель. Были Several participants participating in the panel. How the young people, young engineers, like you, think and consider the development of nuclear power. Why do we need fast reactors? Do we need a narrative nuclear system? That was a whole discussion also. And we had several presentations and one was selected and awarded. It was not money but it was certificate signed by the director general which is also, I think, better than money sometimes. And also travel the five winners, I would say, received travel support to the nuclear books at that time. So experiment. We also conduct and collect data on the several things and this slide presents the experimental facilities database on liquid metal fast neutron system. This includes sodium cooled reactors, lead cooled and lead base motive tactic cooled reactors. Okay. This database is freely available from the IEA website. You can, to find it, you just search IEA LMFNS after this and you can get. Also one of our main activities, I'd say, and most one of very important activities is training courses and workshops. So we conduct different types and especially this type of workshops in the joint workshops with ISTP and IEA we conduct like once in two years already. And this is a couple of photos from the previous workshop also in Trieste. If you know, you will be familiar with this place very soon. So I'm proud to say that we try to organize it in very effective way, not only lectures but also group activities, poster sessions, so you can conduct and communicate freely within your groups with your lectures during the poster section and any time that our lectures will support you during your group activities as well and please use this chance to communicate together and communicate with other expert and also of course with me, with us, with IEA people here if you need any help and so on. Okay. Thank you very much for your attention and welcome to Trieste. We shifted little bit our presentation to leave more room for the several other lectures and I don't know should we have a coffee break now because it's scheduled for group photo let me check 10 30, coffee break and group photo, 15 minutes I think we can start go for the group photo now it's in the front of the building I believe, or with us come something yeah, someone and then have a coffee break and then we continue our workshop with presentation made by Cherayu, it's a young generation view on history of nuclear energy Thank you for your attention