 Sexual conflict between males and females often results in male harm, where males increase their reproductive success at the expense of harming females. This can have a negative impact on population viability as males compete for access to females, resulting in a decrease in female fitness. Understanding how this process plays out in the wild is important, as it can help us understand how populations will respond to changes in climate. In this study, researchers examined a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster and compared the effects of monogamous and polyandrous relationships on female fitness and male harm. They found that while females had similar levels of reproductive success regardless of the relationship type, polyandry resulted in a greater decrease in female fitness at higher temperatures. Additionally, they observed that different types of male harm were more or less affected by temperature depending on the relationship type. Overall, this study provides insight into how sexual conflict and temperature can influence population viability.