 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more today's topic in conservative industry is air abrasion So air abrasion is a concept of cavity preparation, which involves a minimal tooth removal That is minimally invasive dentistry so the old pattern is Basically for amalgam where it requires a large amount of Tooth removal for the restoration, but this requires a very minimal amount so that the tooth hasn't Got a big damage to receive a restoration So the prognosis will be good and the tooth and the restoration will sustain for a longer period without any Disadvantages of the cavity preparation. So let's see what is exactly air abrasion. Okay So air abrasion Is a great dental advancement over the dental drill Acid allows precise removal of decay teeth without the use of local anesthetic So we don't use local anesthetic all the time, but still Air abrasion doesn't require any local anesthetic solution injection or a conventional drill So It was first introduced by or the concept was first put forward by Dr. J Tim Reine in USA Okay so it was In 1950s, but this technology is introduced To the dentistry in very later period around 1990s, but still it was there The idea was there from 1950s. So Air abrasion So what exactly is air abrasion it uses two component one is Compressed air So it propels Aluminium oxide particle. So this is the Key element So aluminum oxide particles will be Projector to the cavity or where we need a preparation True compressed air and does the job So usually we do cavity preparation by using a air rotor or micro motor So the burst does the job. It is cutting. So it is very invasive procedure But this is like compressed air and aluminum oxide particles So it will be Projected with such a force to be able to cut the two structure in a simple terms Because it is a precision Sand blaster. Okay. So precision sand blaster So this air abrasion system. So this is the Air and this is what abrasive so we have Learned abrasives abrasion we learned the tooth abrasion and the mechanical abrasion and the abrasive particles So Something which erodes tooth is known as abrasive. Okay, so here the aluminum oxide through Compressed air with such heavy force doing the job but In spite of showing this very promising result the concept did not gain popularity Due to mainly three factors the first one was It was not able to prepare cavities with well-defined walls and margins so if this is the tooth and And We are going to prepare a cavity Like this This Okay, that is not possible with the air abrasion because very precise cavity walls Not obtained by this air abrasion because creation of walls and Well-defined margins are not possible So that was the first thing which was not first reason which was not Very popular among dentists secondly The introduction of the air turbine handpiece in the late 1950s made Conventional cavity preparations less time-consuming So all these aerotour Micromotor all these are introduced into Dentistry so it makes the cavity preparation so easy So it was not much accepted because the normal cavity itself can be done in a very short period and Thirdly as high velocity suction have not been developed evacuation of the powder was difficult So that time when it was introduced there was no high volume section or high velocity section So the evacuation of this powder Was difficult at that time. So it was not much popular So what are the principles of air abrasion? the first one accurate diagnosis of unsound tooth structure and decay then accurate removal of unsound tooth structure with minimal destruction of sound tooth structure then Restorative treatment planning based on the probability of longevity of the restorative material So these are the principles So the basic concept of air abrasion device has remained the same it has experienced a rebirth not due to changes in the device itself, but due to the improvements in bonding the restorative materials isolation and high volume suction So the basic technique was the same when it was introduced in 1915 that time dentistry did not have bonded Restorative material direct bonding restorative material or high velocity suction apparatus so Once the dentistry is equipped with all these the same technology came to 2000 or 1990s as air abrasion because the technology was same aluminum oxide through a compressed air but only the equipments were present during the newer times so that The dentistry can afford air abrasion So that is a concept of air abrasion so The compressed air and aluminum oxide particles does the cavity cutting So the basic principle of air abrasion is based on a formula that is Kinetic energy that is E is equal to half M V square so M is the mass and V is the velocity Okay, so the cutting capability of air abrasive is attributable to the energy of mass in motion Unlike conventional mechanical methods that depends on Friction so the energy depends on the mass in motion so The aluminum particle at a very high velocity increases the energy that is a concept So when the rapidly moving mass strikes its target most of its energy is transferred to that material So if that material is hard the result is removal of small amount of material So that is the concept of air abrasion so That is why the modality is sometimes referred to as kinetic cavity preparation K V P kinetic cavity preparation So air abrasion can be best described as a pseudo mechanical So it can be best described as pseudo mechanical non-rotary method Rotary method of cutting and removing dental heart issues. It is not a mechanical but it is pseudo mechanical and non-rotary method So the terms micro air abrasion and kinetic cavity preparation have been used synonymously to describe air abrasion so sometimes the question might come as micro air abrasion So the studies have shown that the bonding of enamel and dentine surfaces prepared with air abrasion is much better than that with the conventional carbide burst or acid etching so That is the advantage of this air abrasion the bonding of enamel and dentine is a Largely improved compared to the conventional one which was done by acid etching or the carbide burst So with the introduction of flowable and nano filled composites the air abrasion Technique has got lots of Value and dentistry because it requires very minimal amount of tooth removal and we have the nano filled materials and flowable materials with proper bonding unlike So unlike the old conventional amalgam Okay, so another major concern regarding the powder particle has also been due to the use of Isolation in the form of rubber dam and high volume evacuation devices So the number of parameters we need to think about when going for air abrasion That is amount of air pressure particle size Quantity of particles passing through the nozzle nozzle diameter of the handpiece Angulation of the nozzle of the handpiece distance from the object time of exposure to the object and depth of penetration So the procedure is first we take preoperative radiograph to determine if Interproximal carries is present then isolate with rubber dam then use carries detecting dye to know the curious lesion exactly because we are going for a very minimal Tooth removal then using a abrasive unit with high volume evacuation placed in the proximity of the tooth Prepare cavity then after a few seconds the initial preparation Examine the preparation for decay reapply the carries detecting dye Complete the preparation using the carries detecting dye until all carries is removed Then apply the itching for 20 seconds with water spray Disinfect the cavity preparation with chloroxidine so within 10 seconds apply the dentin bonding agent Then place the composite polymerize it then we can use any burst for initial shaping And the final finishing protocols So that is all about air abrasion. Okay, so the main advantages are it is painless Local anesthesia is very rarely needed It works quickly and the tooth with a small lesion is ready to restore in seconds it work quietly without the Wine of all two familiar dental handpiece There is no vibration or pressure There is no production of heat to damage the dental pulp and lesser sound to structure is removed So it can be used basically in class 1 class 2 3 4 5 cavity preparation sealants and preventive resin restorations Repair of composites and porcelain especially the margin of veneze removal of composite and amalgam So all these cases we can use this air abrasion technique So that is all about Air abrasion and the pressure regarding the pressure the pressure how much pressure they use generally is 40 to 160 And the recommended levels are 100 to 100 for cutting and 84 etching So the particle size common particle size is 27 to 50 micrometer That is aluminum particle size So higher particle flow rate will allow more particles to abrade the working surface faster. So it depends on the I mean The aberration depends on the particle size So that is all about air abrasion. It is commonly asked shop not so you can write about the basic procedures and The other final details of air abrasion. Hope you understood the small concept of air abrasion so air abrasion In a take-away pond it is nothing but the aluminum particles are Projected at very high velocity from a compressed air unit So I'll come up with a new and top again conservative industry. Thank you