 The study found that the directionality of gross primary productivity, GPP, to climate varies across the globe due to the interaction between multiple bio-climatic factors such as temperature, radiation, and water availability. Using Fluxnet 2015 data and observation-driven terrestrial biosphere models, the study disentangled the effects of these factors on GPP and examined their long-term effects on productivity across the globe. The results showed that while the positive effect of temperature on GPP declined between 2000 to 2014, the positive effects of precipitation and CO2 became stronger during the same period. The study also found that aridity stress, triggered by rising temperatures, has reduced the positive influence of temperature on GPP in arid regions, while increased precipitation and elevated CO2 may alleviate negative aridity impacts. This article was authored by G.M.U., Leyi Chen, Nicholas G. Smith, and others.