 What qualities do you have possessed which will make you a good citizen? Sir, I think throughout my life I have developed certain qualities. One of them being determination towards the particular cause. Secondly, sir, I think our dedication is one of my qualities. Third is being honest. Fourth is being passionate about whatever work I am doing. So these are the qualities that I would like to bring. I presume this is your first attempt because you passed in 2008. Yes, sir. You have introduced that constitution to us and we are not in it. You are a diplomat. Sir, I have to introduce Indian constitution. Sir, as a diplomat I will introduce to the normal people of other countries Indian constitution by talking to us about the preamble of our constitution with the starting words like we are the people. So I will talk about that. I will tell them about some of the basic features that are present in our preamble, namely about equality, etc. Then sir, I will talk of certain other features of our constitution like it is the longest written constitution of the world. It has more than 400 articles. I will talk about some of the important amendments that have been done in it. I will also tell them what kind of fundamental rights do the citizens of India have and certain unique features like, for instance, their direct principles which are not present in constitution of many countries. Fundamental duties. So this is what I will talk about. Sir, why do you think it is bulky? Why do you think it has bulky? I think there are many reasons for it. One of the primary reason being that the Indian constitution has been written for a large amount of population. Seen the fact that we are such a vast country. Secondly, we have only one constitution for the center as well as for the states, unlike certain countries like America where every state also have their constitution. And thirdly, I also think that the fact that the constitution was dominated by lawyers. So that also made the constitution a little bit bulky. If I say that one province slightly tilts the balance towards the judiciary, in favor of the judiciary when it comes to exercise the powers by all three organs, which province will be yours? Sir, I think article 142 of the constitution which tells the honorable Supreme Court the power to do complete justice on any of the case. So I think that there is a balance more towards judiciary. Judicial review? What is judicial review? Sir, judicial review means that the judiciary has the power to review any of the law or act of any rule made by the executive or even the legislature. Okay. How do you promote India's case as a permanent member? Sir, firstly, sir, I will talk about the requirement of India to be the United Nations Security Council. Primarily, I will say that India as a country has a very rich civilization. I will talk about how in the ancient past we have witnessed, we have been witnessed to one of the most older civilizations of the world, that is the Indus Valley civilization. Secondly, sir, I will talk about... So Rome should also... because of Rome, Rome should also be in the United Nations Security Council. So it has a... Sir, that is one institution. Sir, that is one institution. Sir, apart from that, I think India has many other things which I would... What are the laws and institutions in India to deal with terrorism? Sir, we do not have a dedicated law to deal with terrorism, but there are other laws. For instance, we have the National Security Act, the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, which can be used. And when it comes to institutions, we have national investigation agency, then even other institutions like CVR or so to some extent can be involved. The local policies are also there. Do we have an agreement on the definition of terrorism? Unfortunately, sir, we do not have an agreement, because a particular group or a particular person may be a terrorist for some country, but it may end up becoming a freedom fighter. Okay, last. What is the latest status on India-Pakistan dispute before ICJ? Sir, at the ICJ, both India and Pakistan have put forward their views on the pollution rather case. And currently, I am not aware of what has happened. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Okay. Baigarh. Yes, sir. Baigarh and Sunil, which is your first name? Sir, my first name is Baigarh and Sunil is my first name. This is a Maharashtrian way of... Right, yes. Yes, sir. In political science and international relations, you also take interest in reading articles on foreign policy. Yes, sir. CPEC. Okay. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. How much China is investing? Sir, exact number, I am not aware, but can I make an intelligent guess? Okay. I think around 30 to 40 billion dollars. No. Earlier it was slated something like 54 billion dollars. Now it is starting 60 billion dollars. Anyway, sir. So, why China is investing so much money on this corridor? What is the strategic importance to China? Sir, from historic times, China has faced a problem which is called as Malacca dilemma that more than 80% of their energy imports come from the Malacca Strait. That is the only measure that they have. So, if they are developing the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, they get an advantage that, directly from the Gulf countries, they can use the CPEC and reach China. So, they can in one way deal with the Malacca Strait. So, it shuttles the distance and they can get rid of this Malacca dilemma? Sir, not completely rid, but to some extent, their dependence on the Malacca Strait will reduce. Sir, apart from that, CPEC will also help them to enhance their influence in central Asia and in the larger Eurasian region. So, that is the reason why they are so important. Have you heard the talk of string of poles? Yes, sir. What is it? Sir, the idea of string of poles was first given by America in one of their energy documents. This particular theory says that China is creating a string of poles in and around the Indian Ocean region, primarily to, in one way, counter-Indian keep it in South Asia itself. For instance, they have buried the port at Wada in Pakistan. One port is in Sri Lanka. One is in Bangladesh to Chittabong Port. So, in this way, sir, they are building a network of poles. And India's apprehension is that China is doing it to counter India, keep it in South Asia itself. Sir, sir. Okay. Hops, you have it? Thomas Hops? Yes, sir. You know, he is the most influential exponent of sovereignty, absolute sovereignty, isn't it? Yes, sir. He is also said to be some fan of individualism. Yes, sir. How do you reconcile this? You get my point? Yes, sir. I got your point. Sir, we can see both individualism as well as the absolutism in him. However, sir, I think that Hops is more individualist. In the sense that, oh, he talks about... No, he flitted for absolute sovereignty. He said that, you know, there is no doubt about it. But at the same time, he is also champion of individualism. How could you reconcile? Sir, for that, we need to go through the times when Hops was living. So, when he was living in England, that was the time when wars were happening on the basis of... No, that is okay. But then, what is the reason? Sir, the primary reason is that Hops has defined the individual in such a way that he says that man is guided more by passion. And because of that, when man lives in a state of nature, the success of one man is actually going to create a sense of insecurity for another man. So, the state of nature is going to be a state of war all with all. And this is going to affect the progress... So, in the state of nature, he considers or he regards the individual's safety as the utmost important. Because he said, in the state of nature, they were... In a state of war. In a state of war. In a state of war. War, security and such. Yes. That is why, for their safety and security, absolute sovereignty is essential. That is how he justifies. Okay. Tell me, you have heard about the Smart India scheme, the project? Sir, are you talking about smart cities? Smart cities. Correct. Smart cities. Why smart cities? Why not smart rural areas? Because most of the people are living in rural areas. Sir, actually we need both smart cities and smart villages. But we are now spending more on smart cities. Yes, sir. Now we are spending more on... Because smart cities provide the fact that the future of India lies in its cities. In the fact that our urban population is increasing on a very large scale. What is the urban population now? Sir, as per 2011 census, it was around 32%. And now perhaps it will be around 40%. Maybe in the next census we will get the numbers. Smart cities are important because cities have become the centre of economic growth in today's time. And the fact that so many people are now living in cities. It is important to provide them a good standard of life. Correct. Otherwise, cities... So, what is being done in the smart cities? Sir, I am not exactly aware about the components. But from my experience of Pune, because I come from Pune. No, no. You have not read about smart cities. Sir, I do not know the exact details. Read up. Sir, under that we are doing some schemes on lightning. No, no. There are so many aspects of it. Read up. So, you talked about smart cities because there is going to be a big urban population. So, they are moving from the rural area, migrations are taking place. Why do migrations take place? Migration takes place because of a number of reasons. Primary are push factors and pull factors. So, are you aware of the Rohingya problem? Yes, ma'am. Why are they migrating to different areas? Rohingyas are primarily migrating because they are mostly a minority in a Buddhist-dominated Myanmar. And they have been suffering religious persecution by the Myanmarese authorities. So, that is primarily the reason they are migrating now. So, we have some of them in India also? Yes. So, these are the centers that they have their refugee camps? Ma'am, primarily in India, they are secondary in the area near the Bangladesh border, India-Bangalore border. And Indian cities? Ma'am, exactly. Madrabad, Jammu and a city in Uttar Pradesh. Okay. You are from Pune. Yes. The national games were held in Pune. Are you aware? Last year, they were held in Pune. National games, youths' national games? No, ma'am. But ma'am, recently, Kelo-India had- That's what I meant, Kelo-India games. So, what was the objective of holding these games? Ma'am, the primary objective of Kelo-India is to instill the sense of sports spirit among the individuals because seeing the fact that nowadays, youths are focusing more on the academics part and sports have gotten elected. Was it also to see our talent so that we could prepare them for future games like the Olympics? Yes, ma'am. It was for that also. And around Rs. 8 lakh will be given for the winners of it. All right. Now, you participated in board games. What was this? Ma'am, Precata is a family of board games that happens in my college, College of Engineering, in India. So, where is it? If you have some sea there, you don't have a sea there? Ma'am, we have a Mulanatha river, including. All right. So, this is a race? No, ma'am. It is a matter of race. There are basically four or five games happening there, like selling matches, puns, rowing. So, did you need some training to take part in this pre-cata? Yes, ma'am. We trained for around three to four months and ever five mentors. Over our seniors only who trained us. All right. Now, since you're from Maharashtra, but here's a farmer's distress. Yes. And also lots of farmers and tribals marched to Pune. They were stopped there and it is said their demands were met. What were their demands? Ma'am, recently farmers had migrated to Pune because of sugar. Many of the farmers were not getting a good price for their sugar, which they had cultivated. So, now because of the farm protests, the government of Maharashtra has decided to give farmers... But there are also tribals along with the farmers, what do they want? Ma'am, the tribals actually, they were going to Mumbai. And their primary demand was the proper implementation of Forest Rights Act. What is the Forest Rights Act? The Forest Rights Act was an act passed by the Indian Parliament in 2016. And this act provides a certain amount of rights to be... What are these rights? Some of the rights are not that the tribals will be given a share in the minor forest produce. And what give me examples of minor forest produce? I'm not a resident. I need ten to be all these. Okay. Ma'am, it's also said that in Maharashtra, the LWE has been extremism is more or less concentrated in the tribal areas. Is that correct? Yes ma'am. In Maharashtra, left-wing extremism is primarily pre-districted from East Maharashtra. That is, Bhoomiya, Virchi Bhoomiya. And then there is one more... Chandra? Yes ma'am. Thank you. So, why is it that we see LWE only more or less in the tribal areas? Any particular reason? Ma'am, primarily if we see left-wing extremism in Maharashtra, it's an offshoot of the left-wing extremism found in Andhra and Telangana. Okay, but I'm only talking about the right-wing extremism in your state. What is the reason? Ma'am, more or less it's the reason for development of the system. Yes. Now last question, you have done instrumentation and control. What do you study and discuss? Ma'am, instrumentation and control is primarily a branch that deals with the measurement and control of process parameters in industry. Like temperature, pressure, etc. And their control. And nowadays, the next thing happening here is that we should look for automation. And human interference in the control process should be as less as possible. Okay. So, financial action task force is an intergovernmental body which was formed by some of the developed countries, I think around the 1990s. So, primarily this task force is involved with taking action against those countries which have been promoting terrorism. And under this, there are different lists like blacklist, blacklist, which put certain restrictions on investment in such countries. Which we designate as promoting terrorism. There was a meeting of the FTIF recently. Yes. What kind of meeting? Sir, in the FTIF meeting, Pakistan was put in the blacklist. Again, it was in the blacklist. And India was pushing to put it in the blacklist after the Kulbama terror attack. So, some timeline has been set. What is this targeted? By what time Pakistan has been asked to comply with certain things? Sir, I am not aware of the exact date. End of the year. Okay. India's energy security, how will you look at that? What will be the odds we build upon? Sir, if we see India on a large scale, now we do have the... If we see the energy security of India, then I would say that we are... Sir, these areas are all different as a matter of concern for us? Yes. It is a matter of concern because we are importing around 70-80% of our oil requirements. Almost 80%? And because of this, we have to develop a lot of our products themselves. And if there are any political problems in these countries, then it does affect our economic growth also. So, it is a very important concern. Domestic exploration of oil. What is the trend? Is there a decline in our industry? I am doing enough. Sir, I am not aware of the exact statistics. So, we are... Many teams are there, sir. We are doing a progress. If you want to open towards increasing professionalism, sir, yes, to some extent, we are seeing protection again. What are these signals? Are there any signals? Yes, sir. So, if we come past 50 years, we are seeing protection. And then we have seen election of the American government. No, election by itself is not indicative of protection here. What action has it taken or intense to take which will lead to increasing protection? Sir, these are taking actions like he has started a trade war now. And apart from that, on the last day, he is also putting his America policy behind. So, he is saying that America has taken a lot of efforts. And in the past years, also, we have gone America from the trans-faceted partnership. So, all these shows... You mentioned of sugar problem in Maharashtra, right? Certain countries have challenged India in the WTO on giving...for giving substitutes to sugar. And you are aware of that? Sir, I am not right myself. Okay. This is Brazil and Australia. Challenge India's subsidy to sugar before the WTO. Okay. What is diplomatic immunity? So, diplomatic immunity means that when a particular diplomat is working in a foreign country, then he or she has certain amount of privileges over normal citizens. For instance, he cannot be prosecuted. He cannot be arrested. Last question. The return of being commander... I mean... Would you see it as a victory of India's diplomacy? Sir, to some extent, I would, because in the past few weeks, India is trying to isolate Pakistan and it is pressurizing Pakistan by using conflicts in U.S. France, U.K. However, sir, I also think that under the Geneva Convention, Pakistan had to release him. That is not much diplomatic victory for us. Pakistan would have done it in few weeks. Maharashtra has some very serious problems. They are facing some very serious problems. Currently, can you identify some of them? Sir, primarily, I think currently Maharashtra is the biggest problem in sacrilege in distress. Second problem is the unique quality in Maharashtra because in the Mumbai-Kune region, the rest of Maharashtra is quite underdeveloped. Sir, third major problem of Maharashtra I think is urbanization because around 45% of Maharashtra is urbanized. But the condition of safety is not very proper. Fourth problem, sir, is unemployment. And we could see its implication in the recent demand for reservation by the Maratha community because mostly because they do not have proper jobs. And lastly, sir, I also feel that environment is a major problem in Maharashtra because only around 20 to 23% of Maharashtra's area is under forest, which is too less if we compare it with the national environment of 33%. Yes, but what I am very serious about is drought. More than 300 talakas have been declared drought talakas already. Yes, sir. And it is only February. One doesn't know what will happen in the summer months. Yes, sir. They say that part of this water shortage in Maharashtra faced by farmers, faced by farmers is man-made. Of course, there is a shortage that there are. But part of it is man-made. Is that a correct statement? Sir, to some extent it is correct because if you really see sugar cane is growing in Maharashtra and that too in some places like Githar path where water scarcity is quite high. So because of this, it is a man-made problem. But sir, I feel that it is more a natural problem because around 80% of Maharashtra is made up of dead and flat water which is hard and consolidated. So whenever rainfall comes, the water just drains into the Bay of Bengal. It doesn't seep into the ground. So every irrigation potential in Maharashtra is too less. And that is the reason why Maharashtra has only around 18% of irrigated total agricultural area under irrigation. And secondly, sir, because western part comes in the middle a large amount of winds that carry moisture do not reach with urban Maharashtra region. So rainfall also is too less in the other parts of Maharashtra. So you are giving it to the sugar level. They are responsible in search of... that is where the political power lies in Maharashtra. Cooperative sugar level. And they take away 60% of the water. There is imbalance, total imbalance. That is where something has to be done. What did last time, there was a farmers march in Bombay, not this time, but last about 6, 7, 8 months ago. Why did they demand implementation of FRA? Farmers demanded FRA implementation. So I am not much about that. So I think the tribals were demanding FRA. Yes, but tribal lads are being taken away. Go to farm, fire, etc. lot of places. Urban lads are coming and grabbing those lads. Now, lately there was a controversy about the adjustment of the Supreme Court on implementation of FRA. Did you read that? Yes, it was February 13th order of the Supreme Court. What was it and what is the latest? Sir, the Honourable Supreme Court on February 13th said those tribals after the assessment they have been found not to have a right on the land. Those who were not entitled to land, must be immediately evacuated or ousted. Yes, that was there. How many people were to be affected? How many people were to be ousted? Sir, I do not know exactly. About 19 lakh, 1.9 million. Thank you. What is happening now? Sir, 23 days back, many of the state governments approached the Honourable Court. The central government. And now the Supreme Court will review it. Reservation of Marathas. How much reservation do they have? Sir, they have been given at 16 percent. 16 percent. How total percentage of reservation for people in Marathas? UBCs and SCs and SCs. How much is the total? Sir, exact number I do not know. Percentage. Yes, sir. Sir, it has crossed 60 percent. Just crossed 60 percent. So, will it not come into conflict with the Laga Nisani case? Sir, there are demands and the court may remove it. The Longay High Court is actually reviewing the reservation and it may come in conflict with the Laga Nisani case. It definitely will come, right? Because sir, in the Laga Nisani case, the Honourable Court said that 60 percent, 50 percent. Therefore, it is bound to come. And so, what defense does the state government have? How will it save this reservation? Sir, primarily they are giving... They call it the constitutional provision. They would like to save it. Sir, maybe they will save it by saying that the Marathas are economically backward. And now the parliament has also made an... Constitution provision. Sir, maybe Article 16, 16, 4... Manuscript. So, you heard of Manuscript? Have you heard of it or not? Sir, I do not think that they can lose Manuscript because the Honourable Court has said that if any law of 1973 is put in it, then it is going to be reviewed. Correct. Very good. In fact, Naisirud was created to house judicial review. But Supreme Court in Polo case, have you heard of Polo case? Sir, I don't know. In 2007, as late now, any law which disturbed the basic structure will still be subject to it. There are some enforceable provisions which promote social justice. Article 3 of the Constitution. Identify those provisions. Articles. Sir, one of the article is Article 14. It talks of the right-wing party. Just give the articles. Article 14, Article 15, Article 16, 17, 18. Good. Article 21 and 22. Article 22 of the police. Article 29 and 30. 23, 24. Yes, sir. Yes. Related to trafficking, trafficking of women's children and bonded people. Yes, child labor, bond labor. There are some important issues pending with Supreme Court. If you're reading the newspapers about current affairs, you should be able to highlight those issues. Only tell the issues which are pending with Supreme Court. Name some important issues. Sir, I think one is the Ayodhya Tejma. Good. Second, I think, is Sabarimala. Sabarimala is practically overpowered. Very important issues. Rafaal. Yes. Rafaal has been divided. Yes, Rafaal. What else? NRC. Are you sure? Do you know what NRC? Supreme Court's Directive. But, sir, the Supreme Court has highlighted issues. Police encounters in UP. 10% reservation for EWs. Yes. Local. If you're reading the newspapers, only that you know. Why did Trump and Kim subject to hate? Very briefly. Generally, it is on the definition of denuclearization. Because President Trump and America wants complete denuclearization. But not for the Supreme Court. Mr. Kim is not in complete favor of denuclearization. He wants a rich and stability. That America should ensure the stability and security of the country. What did Kim put forward, Vivaan, and what work had he done? Sir, I'm not reading so much. Now, we close the interview. I'm giving you a feedback. Sunil, you've done very well. You have ended most questions very nicely. You are a very positive person. Do you have any things to add? Your concepts are very clear. Like you said, how you will introduce the Constitution. So you will start with the pre-emptive. Absolutely correct. Now, most questioning will be based the way we have tried to claim our questions. Maharashtra is one. Second, political science and international affairs. Third, instrumentation and control. In this you talked of automation. You also talked. Yes. So you should think of the use of robots, etc. in the field in India. How much application of automation is taking place. That can be, it will be a strong point. Then, constitutional principles. We have asked you a number of them. Important current affairs including issues before Supreme Court, which I have just told you very briefly. And lastly, foreign service issues. Because foreign service is your first choice. Yes. So, this is our strength and the media of our knowledge. We've got time coming. For instance, our claim to UNHCC, MNCC. Don't go into that history. India, one of the largest nations in the world. Yes. A little trajectory wise. Territory wise, economy as well as democracy. We carry a big weight in my experience. And therefore, let's discuss nuclear power. And how? Don't talk about nuclear power. Just because nuclear power, then tomorrow North Korea will also ask for it. Because of our weight in world affairs in economy, military and democratic affairs. Trade. We have a little bit. So, let's start here quickly. Thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update.