 Thank you I'm Victor Yacinich Yacinich and I'm here to talk about the decentralized era how to distribute or how to decentralize and First I want to talk about myself a little I want to give you a little background I'm gonna give you a little introduction about what means Centralized or what means a platform to be centralized and I'm gonna identify two kinds of decentralization one is the one we know the big data approach which is the centralized systems and one is the Bitcoin approach the peer-to-peer approach, which is peer-to-peer systems. I will give some examples And I'm gonna list some pros and cons about each of these kinds of decentralization and I'm gonna throw some conclusions to think about if you have some questions you can approach to me later So I'm Victor Yacinich Here's the IPA of how to pronounce my my surname. I'm a DevOps engineer at Stratio Big data. I have a master's degree at the Comprehensive University of Madrid and I Spent three years working as a developer in small companies and Then I spent two years working as a researcher at the university where I began to develop some decentralized applications using blockchain and Ethereum and That at that at that point was emerging. So I'm kind of the first one the group of the first ones who actually tested the platform and Then right now. I'm working as a DevOps engineer at Stratio Big data So I'm gonna give you a little introduction now about centralized systems What means centralized? What is what's the meaning of this and try to say centralization? so at the beginning of internet era the technology was Expensive and few people can could access to the internet So the amount of users the internet platforms received at that age Was very few So at the in the 200th as the technology grew cheaper Many many services began to be in the internet and the accessibility to the internet was Was a very wide so everyone can begin to everything everyone can begin to Be in the internet. So how these platforms can handle Thousands of millions of connection every day. I'm gonna give you for examples And at the beginning of the These enterprises they were centralized in a single server Take for example Facebook, which began in the and the university server Netflix and Amazon and Google These four services right now are heavily decentralized with hundreds of data servers around the world With Take for instance, Amazon, which is the pioneer infrastructure of a service Google which is the father of big data and Netflix which and Facebook was offered this their services around the world with hundreds of data replication images videos So why decentralized? Why do we need to decentralized? Service or a platform and If you have something centralized, it means you have one focal point of attack What if your servers are in Texas for instance, and you have an at all disaster? What happens to your data you lose your data? What happens if you get a DDoS attack and you have only one server and Did this violent this this way? Sorry the decentralization is Necessarily today because the amount of connections are colossal so And in order to the centralized we have to choose one of these two options we have The the proper centralized architecture you can we can choose between the centralized architecture or distributed architecture if you if you Sorry The big data approach the technology we use today in all of the services on the boost Outside are heavily decentralized instead of having one server. We have several servers which are in tech connected to each other and If I lose our decentralized server, I Could Have another to back it up, but in a distributed architecture The server is provided by the by the network and the users so The first approach is a decentralized system is a highly hierarchical network where each node has a role and The role contributed to the system But the power remains centralized, I will be talking about power and I mean the capability to turn down the system if I want to if I have my cluster in mesos or I have my cluster in Amazon I Have the capability to turn it down because I own my service but in peer-to-peer systems It's a non-hierarchical network and all the nodes have the same role The problem is that that the power is distributed if I want to Turn off the blockchain the bitcoins blockchain. I couldn't because every node contributes to the network I'm gonna focus on these two and first. I want to talk about decentralized systems. Okay, so How to decentralize the system if you have a centralized servers you have to split the functionality in nodes these nodes are Usually machines that are connected Want to each other? So if you want for instance more computational power you just add a note if you Think it's too expensive for you. You just remove an out so The kind of flexibility this decentralization offers is very big so Take for instance Apache mesos Which you see here. It's from its web page and you have Here a number of nodes you have a mesos master Which is a one node Which are chosen with a quorum and the other masters and then you have agents This means that As I said earlier, you have a highly hierarchical network because the master is the one who controls the nodes and the master Are chosen between other masters Each node has a role That's why We can we cannot change The behavior of a note unless we add one Or we remove one and the power remains centralized I can use mesos to deploy my micro services And if I if I don't want to deploy anything, I just turn it down and it's okay Another example is spark. I'm sure you all know spark I have Spark jobs which I feed the system with and I have a master node Which control what? What node is gonna do the working so Via my cluster manager Each spark node is assigned to a worker node it working each worker node had has an executor and a series of tasks If I want more computational power, I just had a worker node I can add several worker nodes if I have to and if I have to Have a little big data process But if it's too expensive for me, I just remove some worker nodes or just throw the system away Stratio offers also a decentralized platform to control and govern the accompanist data and If has several ladders Which you can see here If you want to test our platform and if you want to know more about Stratios data centric you can go to our booth. We have a demo here there and we can explain to you One how this works So I'm gonna list some pros and cons about this kind of decentralization The first one it's obvious is the data replication. You can have a lot of datacenters or databases Distributed in several places you we can have I can have my data here in Madrid and another datacenter in London another in China so my if I lose one of my notes I'm safe because my data is replicated I can have a lot of scalability as I said earlier if I want more computational power I just add an out if I don't need that computational power. I would just move on out This technology supports multi-region if I want to have a worldwide platform I just need to have some datacenters around the world like many companies do like Google for instance and I can have one datacenter here and one in the United States and they interconnect each other to share databases users connections and This platform has a heavy note loss resistance because if I Suffer an attack and I lose one of my notes. I'm safe because I can Just add another note and replicate the data What's the problem here? I I Said the problem remains centralized is a problem because I need to I want to have a like more Bitcoin approach and it's a con for me because and if you if a company has the power the users needs needs to Trust this company. So If I need to trust in Facebook to give Facebook my data Maybe the Facebook is selling my data to others. So for me, it's kind of a problem. That's why the power remains centralized usually this decentralization is expensive because if you have if you want to have big big Cluster of notes, it's gonna cost you a lot. It requires a lot of maintenance because you have to have specialized people to upgrade to look for vulnerabilities and That's one of the biggest problems in today's datacenters because the technology is evolving very fast and you need to But every vulnerability and if you have a large number of notes, it's it's very complicated so the other district do this System due to the decentralization system I want to talk about I need to focus on this because Nobody seems to care about this kind of decentralization is the peer-to-peer system I want to I want to clarify the fog around this system because everyone's want to be want to make blockchain and And they they lied to you about the blockchain thing they Are lying about how blockchain works. So Here we have a fully distributed network Okay, you have a peer-to-peer network which are nodes interconnected to each other in a non-hierarchical network as I say earlier and Every node has the same role That means that I have the same power that the node The that every other node when I connect to the network and I can contribute to the network the moment I get into it, so And I'm gonna talk about big bitcoins blockchain, which is the pioneer of this kind of decentralization and Blockchain it's actually a distributed database to Control transaction between users this database is replicated in each node and it's Based on blocks as you see here that are tight Cryptographically with the nodes beside him So if I want to hack the blockchain It's very difficult because if I have to if I want to Here change Transaction in block 55. I have to change the next bloat the next blocks because they are tight cryptographically so This system makes blockchain practically Unhackable and If you want to talk about the how to hack blockchain You can ask me later because it's it's it's very interesting and it's very difficult If you have a larger a large number of nodes, it's very difficult to Edit a blockchain so Bitcoin Bitcoin's blockchain. It's only about Money transactions between users so one day came one guy named Vitalik Budurim and Created Ethereum Ethereum it's a Blockchain like bitcoins but for smart contracts Well, what are smart contracts smart contracts are small pieces of code? small pieces of code that are Executed and stored inside the blockchain so every time one user Executes executes smart contract is distributed inside the blockchain So here you we have a blockchain state which is the Ethereum blockchain and I can upload and I can create transactions to create contracts inside the blockchain and I Made here a sample contract, which is very simple, but We can upload any kind of contract you want and It's very very Secure because once a piece of code a smart contract is in the blockchain. You cannot change it and That's that's a very powerful thing Because you need to make sure that everything you upload to the blockchain It's secure so What are the potential application of this technology? because everyone seems to sell you blockchain and No one really does anything So here I listed four of the more important potential application, which is the banking sector To make track transactions between between banks We have voting platforms the government of Russia, I think wanted to create a blockchain and To be able to vote In the internet we have reputation systems. Sorry, we have reputation systems and Which are platforms That give you the possibility to vote interactions between users and these interactions are decentralized And decentralized companies. That's a thing. I didn't believe about but the other day I was talking about this with one of my colleagues and He has a company which is called ICO funding and this company Makes blockchain solutions for Other companies. So if you want to go to the stock market you can Have some shares or you can create a smart contract in the blockchain and sell tokens crypto tokens of your company To be able to decentralize your company with the Ethereum blockchain If you want to talk about how to achieve this you can approach me later And I will be very happy to talk to you so Here are other examples of a decentralized system IPFS, Bitcoin and emu those three are File systems that are decentralized in peer-to-peer networks I'm sure we all know email or BitTorrent if you want to if we want to download a movie we We can access to BitTorrent, but IPFS is advanced centralized file system. Just like BitTorrent, but It behaves differently because every file Has a cryptographic hash that identifies him and you can download it from every note and it's Replicated it every time one user downloads a server File, sorry So if I have a file and I share the file with you When you don't load the file, it's it's replicated. This is used. This was used when Catalonia Wanted to vote for independence and the government of Spain turned down their server So the Catalonian Put all the server or the undevoting system in IPFS so the government of Spain and Shut down the IP IPFS gateway, which you can access today But and it's a Very powerful thing when a government Wanted to shoot your web you can you can Use these technologies because they cannot fight this kind of decentralization Sorry So if I want to create a fully distributed platform with no servers with no datacenters, I could use these two technologies Ethereum on IPFS So every user connection has two different things One is the connection to the blockchain, which is made up with a web server extension And one is the connection to the database, which is a IPFS gateway So with this system my colleagues and I were developing the decentralized Science project which was funded Three months ago with the ledger Grant and we received I think five $5,000 to develop this platform this platform is About this is a choice The digitalization of the science if you want to publish a scientific paper You need to go to a publisher that is gonna charge you for a lot of money and We wanted to change that Creating a fully distributed platform using these two technologies one is the Ethereum blockchain which in which each Interaction is a transaction and you can audit it and Each file is Uploaded to an EPF IPFS network. So no one No one can Turn it shut it down There are some pros and cons about this technology The first pro is obvious It's very hard to hack because you need to hack a lot of nodes in order to change the blockchain Here I say here I say borderless platform I mean in two different ways borderless as it is not in this in a Single place it's not in a single server. It's in every user that uses these kind of technologies and it has no Loss no governments that can Turn it down because it's in every country. So that's why I used to key here Borderless platform as I said before the power is distributed and I have a very Powerful node loss resistance because the database is replicated in all the nodes. So if I lose one node, it's no problem because For the network it's It's Practically nothing One important code is the 51 attack. I said here the 51 attack is and if we have if we have everyone here have the same Database how do we change it? How can I change the database? If I can afford to hack the 51 of the blockchain network, I can change I can change it because of the quorum Mechanism so I think one year ago the ripple cryptocurrency was hacked with a 51 attack because no one Uses ripple and it was very hard very Easy to hack I Also say it here that it's very junk technology. No one here. I hope uses blockchain or Uses Ethereum, maybe some of you have some bitcoins because Three months ago was very high, but no one uses Blockchain nowadays Because the people doesn't trust the technology. That's why it's very young It needs a critical mass of users You cannot have a private blockchain because the power of the blockchain is the third party and trust because every node Contributes to the every node contributors to the platform if you have a platform with four nodes No one's gonna use your blockchain. So you need a critical mass of users to Be able to develop deploy and use real applications And the other the final one is the use of it a gap when I was developing the project I mentioned earlier the decentralized science We had a very big problem because this technology is very new and in order to use it you have to have this Ethereum blockchain you have to have a node in IPFS and In order to have these things You need to go to a process and it was very very difficult So there's an usability gap right now. I think in the future It will be easier to use this kind of technology, but right now it's very difficult in fact my PhD director wanted to gift the team with a token called Crypto Kitties and one of us cannot Received up because the process of creating an account in Ethereum technology is very difficult So if you don't have a technical background, you don't you will be not be able to use this technology So I think that's the bigger the biggest con right now and I think it's the the deal breaker here. So I Don't want to bore you Anymore, I'm gonna throw some conclusions if you need to decentralize your servers You need you need to choose one of these two this introduction one is platform one platform is business oriented and It has long-term benefits because you can throw millions to a Spark cluster and doesn't receive on Any benefits in two years, but if you want to analyze your business data You need to plan This kind of decentralization That's why the benefits are long term and this kind of decentralization is business oriented The other part the peer-to-peer architecture It builds a truthful network. That's why it's used for instance for voting systems It has no border governments or laws That's why it's used mostly for illegal things sadly and The the the last one is the the one I said earlier like three times is the power distribution I think is the most powerful thing to be able to have this kind of decentralization and I think is that's it if you have some questions you can you can ask them now or You can approach me. So thank you very much