 Well, this is the new chapter, or this is the title, that is the reproduction. Or we will read the reproduction, we will read the types of reproduction, or we will read the reproductive systems as a type of human or till birth. So, all the processes, all the events we will study which are related with the process of reproduction. So, first we have to understand what reproduction is. Reproduction, it can be defined as the process, as the life process, in which new individuals are formed by their, like their parents, like their parents. So, reproduction is the basic characteristic of living things. So, all living things we produce, they give rise to the individuals like their parents. Or this character is very important, in fact, for the continuation of the species. So, the individuals they are dying, and until they are replaced with a new one, those species ultimately it will come to an end. So, there are two types of reproduction. One is called asexo, the other is sexual reproduction. Or asexo reproduction is a process in which there is no involvement of the fusion of gametes. There is a simple organism, the best example is a produce one for example. So, it divides mitotically, in animals there is no meiosis, which is produced asexually. So, and the organism reproduced by mitotic deviants, producing offspring that are identical to their parents. Or it does not involve the fusion of gametes. So, organisms that reproduce asexually, they are usually found in stable environment. So, in a stable environment, in which they say that they are the best suited, they can well, that is live comfortably. So, because these animals, they cannot maintain themselves. That is thermoregulate, temperature wise they cannot regulate themselves. They are the same, because as the temperature is of water, the same temperature is of animals. But they cannot tolerate extreme conditions. So, they will be living in a very, as a environment where there is very little, very little fluctuation. Or as an example, those asexually reproduced animals, there are so many produce ones which are reproduced asexually. Well, next is the sexual reproduction. So, sexual reproduction, this involves the fusion of gametes. What are these other reproductive cells? Or they are produced in their reproductive organs. Or these gametes, they are fused together to form again a single cell. There are two cells, one coming from the one parent, the other comes from the other parent. They are fused together to form a single cell, which we call the zygote. This zygote that develops to form is unique, that is a new individual, having two kinds of cells. There are somatic cells and germs. And this zygote that is formed, half of the chromosomes come from the one parent and the other half comes from the other parent. So, it becomes a deployed cell. And this deployed cell, when it develops and becomes an individual, then these individuals have two different cells. One is called somatic cells, the other is called body cells and the other is called germ cells. Then the gametes are formed. As we can see in this diagram, there is a myosys in the reproductive organs. And as a result of this myosys, there are eggs and sperms. These, they unite together. It is called the fertilization process. And then it becomes a deployed cell. And this deployed cell is called zygote. It has mitosis and it becomes an individual. So, germ cells that are deployed, which are deployed, they have myosys in them and then they become gametes as a result of myosys. And gametes, we call them as, they may be the sperms and eggs. They may be sperms and eggs. Then they unite together to form the zygote. So, ovum and sperm, they fuse to form zygote. The zygote then divides by mitotic deviants to produce large number of cells that differentiate to form different organs. It is a very interesting thing that zygote then divides repeatedly and then from different stages, it becomes an individual who becomes an adult. And the reproductive organs of that adult individual, who then have these germ cells, which we will read in detail, those are the gametes, the spermed gametes, then they undergo the process of myosys to form sperms and eggs. Again, they unite together to form the new individual. This is what is called as a sexual reproduction. And this sexual reproduction, there is a long list of animals in which sexual reproduction is processed. And then I am telling you that this is, in fact, it is a very important characteristic for the continuation of the species. So, this is reproduction and its types.