 Steadfast noon is our annual live fly nuclear deterrence exercise consisting of 13 nations, 10 participating with aircraft and three sending observers. This reinforces our nuclear deterrence for the NATO Alliance. Anytime we fly it's a team fight so that includes aircraft participating in different roles not in the attack role but in the support role including intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance assets, tanker aircraft, electronic warfare and a host of support aircraft. Anytime the Alliance comes together and works together we learn from each other and that's beneficial to us going forward. From the headquarters perspective we gain great insight into how our policies and procedures will be interpreted by the Alliance and how they're put into practice. One of the main differences from the conventional fight is on the nuclear side we have an always never problem. On the always side we call it positive control and that is the command and control of that asset that starts at the political level and goes all the way to the pilot delivering the weapon. On the surety side or the nuclear surety side that is to prevent any unauthorized access or protect the weapon against a full series of threats. For instance one of the things that we're practicing this year is fighting against small unmanned aerial vehicles and the threat that that pose and we see that obviously in different fights in different conflicts throughout the world. As we come together as an Alliance and fight together instead in steadfast noon one of the things that we are protecting against is the chemical biological radiological and nuclear effects. Together as an Alliance we bring together different capabilities and different contributions from the Allies and as we do that we learn from each other and we are able to provide a more robust protection for those assets. One of the benefits of working together as an Alliance is as we bring on new capabilities such as fifth generation aircraft we learn from the nations that are starting with those aircraft and then being able to incorporate the tactics techniques and procedures that they learn into the nuclear mission which benefits the Alliance as a whole. NATO is not new to nuclear deterrence and we've been doing exercise steadfast noon for decades in the past few years we've talked about it more to be more transparent but as long as nuclear weapons exist NATO will remain a nuclear Alliance and it will remain safe, secure and effective.