 Hydrothermal liquefaction, HTL, is a process which converts a wide variety of biomass into liquid fuels. However, these fuels often do not meet the standards required by modern transportation systems. To address this issue, several techniques have been developed to upgrade the quality of the resulting bio crude. These include solvent extraction, distillation, hydrodeoxygenation, and catalytic cracking. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, but all are capable of producing high-quality liquid fuels that meet the standards of modern transportation systems. This article was authored by Jerome A. Ramirez, Richard J. Brown, and Thomas J. Rainey.