 The study assesses demographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal among the general Pakistani population during the pandemic. The results show that older people, females, and less educated groups are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infections due to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. This article was authored by Ayaz Ali Samo, Raheela Bbisate, Jitanda Velacha, and others.