 Thank you everyone for coming. My name is Katerina Yerbic. I'm a maritime archaeology PhD student at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. And today I will be talking about the archaeology of the core and more or how the Holocene marine transgression affected the prehistoric population in the Adriatic Basin, which is my PhD project. A little presentation breakdown. First of all, I will be talking about the site called Zambratia. I will give you a little bit of site description and research history, some cultural connections that I'm trying to connect with the climate change and the new research I have done for my PhD and with some ideas for new research and of course acknowledgement and bibliography. So my site is called the settlement in Zambratia Bay. Zambratia Bay is located in the northern Adriatic Sea on the very tip of the Istrian Peninsula. It is a submerged site, three meters underwater and it is supposedly, which I will try to prove to you and in my PhD, submerged pile well in sediment that was originally placed over marshland or a lake. So it started in 2008 when the archaeologists from the Archaeological Museum of Istria in Pola had to do an archaeological prescription of this bay because there is a Roman villa just nearby this embankment and they, by the law of Croatian cultural heritage, every time there's something happening, any kind of construction work near any type of archaeological heritage, there needs to be an archaeology called a prescription of the site. So the maritime archaeologists did a prescription of the bay and they actually found three underwater sites. One of them is a Roman road, which is submerged. The other one was a Bronze Age boat, which is the star of this bay, obviously, and there's a lot of research done on this boat. And then the third one was a series of wooden piles that were protruding out of the seabed. There were more than a hundred of them and also there was a lot of ceramics scattered around the surface and also an area about 20 to 60 meters of submerged peat, which is a kind of sediment that can only be developed in brackish or brackish streamed environment. So the underwater investigations on this settlement were conducted a few times by the Archaeological Museum of Istria from 2008 to 2014. There were total station servers of symmetry and six test trenches and they have one radiocarbon data from the site. And in 2017, I organized a series of investigations for my PhD research with Senders University and the Archaeological Museum of Istria and we did seabed coring, wood sampling, and we have six radiocarbon dates. So this is the bathymetry of the site. As you can see here, the site is located here and it is actually a submerged carstic sinkhole and it is protected with natural long stone ridges and the actual piles are located around the edges of those ridges and the peat platform you will see a bit later on the other side is around here. So the depth is more or less three meters on the bottom. So this is the site and in this red triangle thing you can see the peat area. So this is the peat area and these are actually pictures of the peat as you can see here. And the piles are all around here and there were a few trenches dug out by the Archaeological Museum of Istria. The site itself looks like this. It's not very easy to see but when your eyes get used to it, you can see more and more of the piles just coming out and protruding out of the seabed. They're not very big but once you get used to it, you can see them. And also there's a lot of just wooden planks on the seabed, a lot of pottery and more types of archaeological evidence like this grinding stone. So the cultural connections, obviously on this picture here you can see there's a lot of ceramics that can be defined but I have to pick for this presentation something. So I picked this type of ceramics which is the Nakoma style ceramics. It is very typical for the Eastern Adriatic, late and holistic and early Copper Age and it is usually just black and the decoration is channelled. So it's black and smooth with channels and this type of preparations are also very typical for Nakoma style pottery. The prehistoric pottery styles in Eastern Adriatic are, so this is the table and the Nakoma pottery usually appears around 4,000 to 3,000 BC. The other cultural connection that I will talk about today is the Alhambar Wellings. The closest ones are the ones in Italy, Austria and Slovenia which are all parts of the prehistoric palwellings around the Alps which is the World Heritage Site. They are set in the Alpine Lakes, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland and they are famous for the 3,500-year-old tradition from New York to Iron Age from around 4,300 to 700 BC. There are three known main periods of abandonment of these sites which will become of importance in this discussion a bit later and one of them, the preliminary date that we had was 4,230 to 3,980 which fits into both Nakoma style ceramics and the Alhambar Wellings cultural influences. So for my research I chose to do seabed coring and dendrochronology and kind of combine the two and make some kind of connection to the climate change in the past. I organized in 2017 a series of investigations with the main aim of research to use the history of sea level changes because it is a submerged site as a context for an archaeological study of the inundated site. The material culture insinuated two significant historical influences and they were both reinforced with the radiocarbon dates that were also reinforced with later radiocarbon dates as you will see. So this is a bit small so I just picked the part that is important to this discussion. I did have eight cores done but I only chose two because I didn't have much time for my PhD but hopefully the other ones will be part of my postdoc or any kind of publication in the future. I also here with the yellow marks are the trenches from 2008 to 2014 and the red area is where I took wooden samples for dendrochronology. The radiocarbon dates in 2008 we have one wooden pile from trench one which is the one here so this is trench one. This is the pile that was in the seabed and the archaeologist took it out and as you can see it was slanted so they could probably put it in the sediment easier. And then in 2017 we had the red area and the archaeological section of the area. And we have a 63 year old oak tree sequence with dates that are complimenting the dates. This is the radiocarbon dates from the trees. And also I picked two cores and this is a bit small but here you can see you'll see the dates after but this is from 151 centimeters to 154 which is 3,246 to 2882 and it is a marine sediment and under it there is lake sediments here and it is 3,832 to 3,775. We have another one which is a bit strange and it represents one of the limitations of marine research because it seems like as if they are upside down but they are still hollow seam and could be useful for the sea level change interpretation. So this one is the upper one it appears to be older which is 2,226 to 1,781 and the lower one is 2,227,80. As a recap we have the one wooden pile with the Nakorana pottery and legacy powering dates. We have the pile that are complementary to these dates and then we also have these dates from the cores on the site. And in the end I felt like something was missing so I went back and took the samples from another core which is the S7. I don't have a nice graph for this but I will show you the picture because there is a very interesting thing happening. So these are all marine sediments you can see here these are the centimeters and this is seabed and this is 280 centimeters under the seabed. Here it starts to look more brackish and it starts having an order of peat and here I found a layer of ash and in the ash I found pottery it was actually prehistoric pottery. This is the ash that I found the pottery in and I also found the pottery not that nice as this before but I have three more pieces of pottery in the core. And then we have some wood and more ashes and the sediments become completely peaty and very dry and then after that it suddenly stops and they become lake mud sediments. This is very exciting for my research because I have new radiocarbon dates to come from this core and hopefully this will be a nice connection to both the dendrochronology and the radiocarbon dates from other two cores and I will be able to compare the sediments from each core and do a nice little change of construction hopefully giving a new answer for climate change archaeology. These are just acknowledgments, glenders on a frost and this is Cristian who is the local fisherman who helped us do everything, my social media if you have any questions and my email will be over for you and thank you very much.