 Well, if you've read the title of the video, you know what this is going to be about. So I don't have to talk about anything, and you can just go home. We can call this the world's quickest lecture on Rascorla, Rascorla, Rascorla. Fuck. Should we go into it? Eh. Might as well. All right. So I personally think that this is something really important to talk about. We're kind of backing up a little bit. We're back inside of ways. We're going one of these directions away a little bit from Operant Conditioning because I do like to get you all to focus on the fact that Operant and Classical Conditioning are interlocked. All right. They are not really these awesome separate things that we talk about when we present the content. It's really easy to talk about them as separate things, but when you really start to think about it, they're not. They're not the same thing, but they're definitely interlocked in a lot of ways. So when we talk about the development of reinforcers, congratulations, you're really talking about Classical Conditioning. So let's move into a little bit about Classical Conditioning and a piece that I think is drastically important, and at least help me and what I think help my students understand a little bit more about the field as a whole. So we're not going to go into the whole Rescor model. We're not going to go into every little detail, but there's something drastically important that Rescorla demonstrated all those years ago that I want you to focus on, and it has to do with the fact that even in Classical Conditioning, contingency rules the day. All right. What I mean by that is that the predictability between the US and the CS and the US is what conditioning is all about. So in Rescorla is who demonstrated that. So we'll take a look at some of the experiments as we go along and put them up here and show you some of the details. But in general, here's what we're talking about. So the basic experiments, I'm not going to go into too much detail, but the basic experiments talk about varying the probability between the US happening in the presence of the CS. So the US is the Unconditioned Stimulus, that's the thing that produces the response. And the CS is the Learned Stimulus, the Stimulus that now elicits a Conditioned Response. So what he did was he varied the probability that the US would happen in the presence of the CS. So CS comes on, and then US comes on at a certain rate. So how often are we at a certain number of trials? He varied those probabilities between 20% and 40%. In the 40% condition, there was more conditioning. So that the probability was higher that the Unconditioned Stimulus would be present while the Conditioned Stimulus is there. What that means is that the CS predicted the US at a higher level. So it's pretty obvious, right? But I also want you to look at what's up on the screen. So if the CS comes on, then the US is there, CS and CS and CS and US CS, US CS, US. If you have 100% predictability, when you present that CS, it's basically always going to predict the US so the organism learns that. So they'll respond accordingly. If the CS doesn't always predict the US or predicts it at a very low level, then you won't get conditioning. And of course, it was a well-designed experiment. So he flipped these things around even within the same organism and varied those probabilities back and forth and demonstrated that you can take something and move it from a high probability of being conditioned to a low probability of being conditioned even in the same organism. So again, really, really strong stuff. So what I also like to talk about here or to refocus on is that contingency, that contingent relation between the CS and US is what develops the conditioning. So if you're trying to develop a new reinforcer or what have you or work with classical conditioning, make sure that your CS is highly predictive of the US. If not, it's going to take you a lot more trials, it's going to take a lot more time, and it's going to be more challenging to get consistent conditioning if you're not making sure that that CS predicts the US. And again, the way that happens is by the US coming on in the presence of the CS. So again, contingency is absolutely the key. Contiguity does play a bit of a role, the closeness between those and what that's really about is the interstimulus interval. So as long as that ISI is short between the CS coming on and the US, then you'll get some pretty strong conditioning and we can get into all the other stuff and there'll be videos later, or maybe there's already been videos, I don't recall because we've done 700 of these damn things on trace conditioning, backward conditioning, and delay conditioning and all those, and simultaneous conditioning. So if we look at all of those things, then we know that that ISI is important. So one of the most effective types of conditioning is for classical conditioning is trace conditioning. That's where the CS comes on, CS comes off, and then very quickly there after the US comes on. So about a half a second or something like that is a great break between the CS and US. So there you go. Classical conditioning is also about contingency, I just bet it wasn't like you were thinking about it. So anyway, classical conditioning, upper conditioning, interlocked, and there you go for some rescore the work. Have a good day.