 Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the fundamental equations of Gibbs can be derived. In these four, a multitude of equations relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. Gibbs outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.