 कुई आस्टों ओए बवगात कुछ इस तो दूचर से डम्जद है कि इमपैठी मेसे भी हम्दूँस्ट है क्यों समजें लोग लीग बाभ ना उँस क्यों समजंगें किपुपने। तो मुर लिस एक ज़सी चीजों को नाप रहे हैं तो क्या हमारा जो बेजरी अन्सुमेंत है, वो कमपैशन को नाप रहे है, यह आँसा तो नहीं की नाप रहे है, तो बहुती प्रिसाइस हम को लिए लेई लेई नाप रहे हैं. अदी लेई दी के नहीं तो देखाड़ नाप रहे हैं, तो पर नाप नाप नाप नाप नाप नाप भी थे तो दो मों ही एक आप रहे हैं. वेर शायात तियार उऎती मुँँँ, तonom मुँँँँँynam कोक तीर की कह्ट थुत थमथन परढ़ाया। इससी थिन जिकणाग करे क है। को कनाविEO जिकच और मुँँँँँँँँँँऊँँँँँ ve are eliminatesovaii tei ka वो नाग़ बश्वादिया और का वर लिटी दी है, या वर वो नाग़ बवादीदी टी है, अच्चित को तो तो जब थाईझूग. और उसके थो उप प्र कार हिं कोभ कोंजे फेश एं गदनट्ट्ड वे लिटी डी री. सिस्ता इस्सा आठींनिस आब आगठी कुम्य की बॉडम अत् теб्रत हूँ बॉग्ये, lumber यहे यह यह now they fit the conceptual definition of that construct i.e. the construct which we are going to name in its conceptual definition, how much it fits in who are those indicators, those items so the judges, the panel of the judges the expert will be the rate and we use these techniques the qualitative techniques are named Q-Sort technique Q-Sort ok ok then this is a theoretical assessment i.e. we can say that either we have assessed the theoretical or we have assessed the empirical hmmm so how will we assess the empirical empirical assessment of validity examines how well a given measure relates to one or more external criteria based on empirical observations right that we assess the empirical assessment i.e. the validity i.e. how well the given measure matches and relates to one or more external criteria based on empirical observations we know the empirical observations that we can observe from our senses it comes in empirical observations and what does this type of validity call as criteria related validity why? because in criteria related validity what we call as criteria related validity what we call as how well a given measure relates to one or more external criteria that it is related to external measurements so what is the name of this validity criteria related validity now in criteria related validity we have 4 from which convergent, discriminant, concurrent and relative so we have to pay attention that when we were talking about theoretical so that type of validity was called translational or representational and the 2 sub types of this are face and content for which we need judges and when we are talking about empirical assessment then criteria related validity establishes our relationship that is why the name of validity is criteria related validity and in 2 sub types there are 4 sub types of hormones convergent, discriminant we will read that they are related to each other concurrent, predictive related to each other see while translational validity examines whether a measure is a good reflection of its underline construct that is the underline construct the construct for which you have made some measuring instrument it is a good reflection that is whether it is coming out or not and criteria related validity whether a given measure behaves the way it should given the theory of that construct that is criteria related validity examines whether that measure the theory of that construct how it behaves or how it should behave how it should behave in translational validity it is a reflection in criteria related validity it is a behavior now what we had told that translational validity has 2 sub types face and content face validity face validity refers to whether an indicator that is what we call amukh vaidata amukh vaidata that is whether an indicator seems to be a reasonable measure of its underline construct on its face that is you can see its face that is the construct for which you have made that is reasonably that is you can see that that is the same construct as for instance the frequency of one's attendance at religious services means that in our dharmic sevabhav in that a lot of frequency attendance means that is what it means that is seems to make sense as an indication of a person's religiosity without a lot of explanation that is it does not need to be explained even then we can say that that person in that is of dharmic or he sees why he is dharmic because we see him again there is an religious function he comes and attends it means that we can say that this indicator shows face validity we can see and tell then two approaches to measure validity in two main ways how you can assess content validity content see till now we have understood what validity is that is that our measuring instrument is our test is that what is the same construct which is made by you in this when we talk about construct then we can say that external criteria is that criteria is that if we are relating with criteria then if we are talking from a futuristic perspective then we can say that content validity is an assessment of how well a set of scale items construct that it is trying to measure i.e. the construct which you have made your test which you have made the content will not match but it is not that we have understood the content which is asking the language so the person will fall into the language you mean student so how you have the intelligence versus how for instance if you have given an example for instance if you want to measure the construct if we are going to satisfy the restaurant service if we have made the service of the restaurant then we will define the content domain our content will be quality of food i.e. the quality of food is the curtsy of the weight staff the duration you have to wait overall the ambience of the restaurant when you see it it is classy or dirty or you have to wait or the staff doesn't behave properly the same questions will be in ambience whether it is noisy you want to eat hot food which we like and we have to do some work and there we have to measure all this so this content should be that much if we are satisfied with the restaurant service then the content we will use should cover the quality of food this this and if we are not covering the content then for adequate content should be measured using indicators that examine the extent to which restaurant patron is satisfied with the who should be satisfied quality of food cursey of weight staff length of weight how much you have to wait when you demand and the restaurant's ambience of course this approach requires detailed description of the entire content domain of the construct that is if we are going to construct the entire content should be covered but it is not that easy for complex construct intelligence we know intelligence has multiple intelligence has special ability has problem solving has numerical has verbal has linguistic has kinesthetic has a lot then it may not be always possible to adequately assess content validity so content validity assessment is not that easy or we cannot properly assess it as with face validity and expert panel of judges may be employed to examine content validity of construct we can take some information about content validity to examine content validity it keeps it now let's talk about convergent we know convergent means now and divergent or discriminant means one pass means closeness and discriminant or difference you will understand convergent it refers to the closeness samipata with which a measure relates to i.e. whatever we have gone how much it is with whom the construct that it is purported to measure the construct we have gone how much it is showing if it is showing then convergent it refers to the degree to which a measure does not measure other constructs that it is not supposed to measure means you need two convergent it means if we want any construct then the closeness is related to its measure and we don't want it to be one it is a way to say the closeness with which a measure relates to and refers to the degree to which a measure does not measure other construct that it is not related to it is not supposed to measure it is not supposed to measure it is not supposed to measure it is jointly for a set of related constructs means for a set of related constructs we take it together it is so convergent it is so it is so it is so it is so it is so it is so it is so it is so it is so it is Montgomery so it is for a set of related constructs it is so it is it is it is soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda soda तो सैंट्ये सब लग, पेरज्ढीस साँंसे ड़ूड़, तुडना मेंट्री वे अच्छा गडे थो ज्यो मेंट्री में नहीं। तो ये तुग ख़द़ करेंटिस लिए किने वादिख्टे लीए ख़र जाट लीग बा़िदिल्या crowd joined party. तो अगर सामलतेगे से चलनेवाडी किस प्रटेगी आसे लेईशुच्प हैं देग कोंकरेंप्रेंटीटी लेएडीटी अगर फुँट्चर में की हमने आसेटी निखाल लिया तो मेंकेट में सक्सुच्ट बता बाएगी अगर आसा है तो आप मान यह भार लिग चान लिजे जे मुल पैली गीटीटी का ग्या है कि उसी मिं उग्र स्प्र स्पुआट को नाप रहा है जिसको नाप निगली मैं है आप खंस्प्रष्ट में मिक नुब आप अप रहा है अगर किसी क्राटेर्या से सामल्तेम्यस्यी कोटेशन हैं तो कोन्कर instead the किसी क्राटेर्या से, आफ प्रटीर्य की दीटुस्थी कोरेशन है तो, देटिक्तेज, आप अप ज़ा का अप का फील्स देक का बता बार आन तो, अगर हम हम हमार अख़्िरटिकल मेसर को अप्रेशनल मेसर में बड़िया से ट्रान्सलेट का दे रहा है तो ख्रान्सलेचना यारी प्रेशन्टेटिप है ना इसी भेगे तो समचके चलिए तो वैडिटी जैसा आसान अगर लिंप्रस्टिन तोगी नहीं और नहीं समझेगे � या आपके सकों यही तरीके की बैडिटी तो दोनो में आपुट यही बडाना है, ताइच सोग बैडिटी तो यही जैं चलिए है डैन।