 This is just very brief, going to talk a little bit about urban transformation, the project and the questions that we have, a little bit about the tell itself, the site, about earlier work and then what we have been doing over the last couple of years and also doing and then trying to summarize this a little bit with the past and the present. In terms of transformation, this has been an ongoing issue through all these talks, basically. This reminds me that when we look back on urban and urban studies, particularly in archaeology, we think of a golden child and urban revolution 50 years ago. About 50 years later, about the turn of the century, there was another revolution, another important revolution and this was when more people were living in cities or the majority of people were living in cities. This challenged the society, how we organized urban areas, this challenged how the economy and also the cultural heritage itself. There is a huge pressure on several issues, among other things, also the cultural heritage. Urbanization in the Middle East or in the Levant is not a new issue. It's been going on or it's been studied for at least 150 years. There are a number of different approaches, a number of different technologies, a number of different issues being raised. Also, whether the neighboring regions, such as Mesopotamia or Egypt, play their role. But, regardless of this, we see that wall cities or wall communities, they appear also in the Middle East. And of course, this urbanization or urban transformation, this is due to the modern influx of and modern political conflicts, also political conflicts, particularly in this area. There is a rapid physical transformation in this urban landscape and this is what we are really trying to approach. We have been doing this in an overall prototype called urban transformation in the Levant. We are trying to build competence in urban studies and human geography. We are trying to meet these challenges between the public and the private sector. And we are also trying to understand this in the long-term process. This urban transformation and what we see today, the over-urbanization, which we like to call it. Because in many areas of the world, the urbanization is also out of control, particularly in our area that we are talking about now. There are a number of reasons for that, but I'll come back to that. But related to the archaeology and the sites, we also have these questions. Why build an urban center here or an urban community, a walled city? How do we understand this city as part of an increasing urban landscape, both in the past and in the present? And how is the landscape connected to the changing political landscape over about 150 years? And how has the past been presented at this specific urban site? And how has this been communicated to the local people? And how is this reflected in the memory of the people? The site is called Teletel, or also I. I will come back to the more details a little bit later on. It's located about 16 kilometers northeast of Jerusalem, next to a small earlier city, or earlier village now a city, Delta I. It is Teletel, it's one of the largest urban cities in the Palestinian territories. It's a mountainous area. It scares resources, but a very strategic position. And there has been a number of excavations pointing towards a pre-urban phase and three urban phases and also an Iron Age phase. The earlier work has been done by several scholars. Edward Robinson and Ailey Smith, they identified this site as biblical I. Later also Kander and Kitschnet followed up on this. Then in 1928, John Gustang, he excavated a couple of trenches here and he claimed it to be I because of tentatively late Bronze Age pottery. The problem with this is that it was never published, so it's hard to really know what he really found. Then in the early 30s Judith Marquette Krause, she excavated for three years, three seasons. There was supposed to be a fourth one, but she unfortunately died. She was really a female pioneer in this area, but that's another thing. But the aim was also to identify or to search for biblical I. She discovered three urban phases and also an Iron Age village, which was not fortified. Then in the 1970s Joseph Calway, American, he also did a number of excavations for six, seven years more or less, and he also identified this as the biblical I. Confirmed much of the excavations in the 1930s being urban phases and also an Iron Age phase. Then in 2003, there was a survey by Hanlin Ogedin and he argued that this could be a model for Palestinian sites. He wanted to go beyond previous interpretations and also involve others. This follows up on our project. Try to deepen and challenge the earlier interpretations, but also rewrite the narrative of the site beyond, not only, but also beyond the biblical narrative. The site is just northeast of Jerusalem, very close to Presente Ramallah. And here is just the plan of the excavations in the 30s and the 60s, 70s. And what we actually have been doing here is just some pictures. Yeah, this is quite important. This is an aerial photo from the 1960s, late 1960s, where you see that the site, actually there is nobody living close, the village is not really close to the site. Now, particularly after 1995, 1996, there has been an enormous development close to the site. This is not the only site in Palestine or in the Palestinian areas where you see that the urban areas are really growing into the archaeological sites. This is just one example and one search site. So, what we wanted to do is try to preserve now what is left of the sites, try to also engage the community, what we have been interviewing a number of people in the community, and trying to find out, you know, do they really care about the sites and, and yeah, what can we do with this site? We started off, of course, with an assessment, including collecting previous excavations, records, documentation, as far as possible. We have done some rehabilitation of and preservation of the site, basically focusing on the earlier excavations, cleaning up, trying to clear the structures so that they can be seen again. Because after the American excavation in the 60s and 70s, most of the squares were filled in, so basically there was nothing to see. And also, this place is used for agriculture and also for herding. So this is a number of important and very difficult issues to solve. We also had some small targeted excavations in selected areas, particularly what is defined as temple area. But we have basically been working with what one may term as community archaeology, because as you see just from this picture that the local residents have been building houses more or less on site, destroying large parts of the site as well. We have been engaging students, particularly from the State University, both in the archaeological exploration, inheritance course and also interviewing a number of local residents. Okay, yeah, fine. But again, trying to involve the community, let them have an ownership to these sites. So what does this tell us? This tells us that there is an early understanding of a colonial and biblical frame of understanding that it was from the 18th, early Indian or 19th century onwards that this has been the main interpretation of the site. From 2000 or early 2000, there has been an attempt to re-write this, trying to challenge these earlier narratives. Both these projects and earlier excavations show fortifications, they show destructions, but the timing is not really right to term it as a biblical site. The early Bronze Age was apparently or very clearly an urban site or a walled society or maybe even a gated community. Gated communities may be even a better term to use, as I would see it. And of course, this contributes to our understanding of urbanism in the past, but also in the present of the Palestinian areas. The recent urbanization, particularly within Delta I, has been created within a political context, certainly of conflict, but also migrant workers in Westing in their own village. So in that sense, it also reflects a gated community even today. There is a massive urban pressure on the cultural heritage and this is also partly due to the lack of infrastructure and also no doubt lack of control. So in that sense, it gives us deeper insight to the processes that shape our society today and of course what also happened in the past, but also give us understanding of the large transformative processes of our societies in the past and in the present and in the future. Thank you.