 This study uses a novel method to estimate surface PM2.5 concentration from Modi's aerosol optical depth, AOD, data, and combines mixed-effects models with spatiotemporal variables to improve estimation accuracy. The estimated minimum PM2.5 is in the upper limit of the hazardous level, while the maximum is estimated as 170 plus or minus 70 Gm3, providing daily spatial variations of PM2.5 concentrations across the Indian subcontinent utilizing satellite-based AOD data. This article was authored by S. L. K. Savaneethan and L. Nanopasm.