 Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2018 here in Durban, South Africa where I am pleased to be joining the studio today by Damush Mohamed who is the group CEO for Telescel Global. Damush, welcome to the studio. Thank you. Now I would like to start off by asking you a little bit about, you've just been participating in a session on MVNOs, the rise of MVNOs, mobile virtual network operators. Perhaps you could tell us what they are and what key role they play in today's landscape. So as you know, the MVNOs, they focus more on expanding their network and expanding their subscribers database. The MVNOs can play a more focused role in focusing on certain niches and this is where we find that, where we operate for example in Africa, MVNOs can play a very essential role in targeting niches like the agricultural communities, like the banks and the bank customer communities that can enhance the services and the communication between customers. Let's demystify this for an audience that's uninitiated. What does MVNO mean? MVNO is a virtual network which is hosted by the mobile network. Actually in Telescel Global we play both roles. We are, MVNO for example in Central Africa, we are the mobile operator in Central Africa, we are an MVNO in South Africa. So as a mobile operator in Central Africa we build the towers, we provide the connectivity to the customers. In South Africa we are hosted over another mobile network. We provide services to the customer but we don't own the network, we just use the network of the existing mobile operators. So we rebrand the SIM cards, the recharge cards and the bundles, the whole package that we offer for the customer. So what are the key trends that we should be looking out for? I think the key trend now for the MVNO is to create their own communities. I just gave an example on the agricultural community for example. In Africa we are talking about 65% of the labor and Africa are mainly working in the agricultural sector. So basically if you are able to target this community bringing them the services that they need and solving the concerns that they have, definitely you will be able to attract them as an MVNO. As a MANO it's very hard to play this game because this is more a focus niche which requires a certain type of flexibility and I think the MVNOs should look at this trend. The trend is the cybersecurity trend, it's the trend of this year especially after the new regulations. I believe MVNOs can also play a very important role in the cybersecurity and approach customers from that perspective. And you just participating in this session, the rise of the MVNOs, what are the things that might stop it from rising, what are the obstacles that might be in the way? I think the most important factor is the regulations that are put in place. There are countries where the regulations are perfect. In other countries regulations impose lots of license fees for example. MVNOs and the MVNO business case doesn't justify paying a license fee for example. In South Africa you don't have a license fee to operate an MVNO. So regulations definitely are very important. The second thing is the MNOs. MNOs are putting, in some countries they're putting some restrictions to receive new MVNOs. They still believe that MVNOs are competing with their business knowing that MVNO subscribers are the subscribers of the mobile operator. So for example here in South Africa only one company provides the MVNE MVNO services. The other two operators, once they have seen the great success that this operator is doing by increasing its number of subscribers, they definitely looking at this case and they're going to launch it soon. So I believe all MNOs should take that direction in case they want to really find new revenue streams for themselves. You invested some time in coming here to Telecom World in Durban. I wanted to find out what's the value for you from attending an event such as this? The main value is knowing the new ideas and sharing some knowledge. People are coming from all over the world. There are concerns that are being raised. There are topics that are being suggested by the ITU organisation itself. The agricultural topic is a very important topic. No one has paid attention to it. The ITU gave the opportunity for the participants to talk about it and eventually after a small research you find out that this is a very important niche that none is looking at. With a very small research, even if you do a small research on Google you will not find a direct link between mobile operators and the labour who are working in agriculture. So of course we are talking about new topics here, share of knowledge and new concerns in the market and getting in touch with the regulators who are able to set the laws which can create more flexibility for businesses like MNOs or MNOs themselves. That sounds very exciting. Here is wishing you the best of the future and thanks for joining us in the studio today. Thank you. Thank you.