 Good day everybody. Dr. Sanjeev Sanyal, Professor, Department Chair. We have the eyeball exentrated eyeball in front of us and I am going to in real time dissect out every layer of the eyeball as we can see. We are going to slice open the screener all the way around from the pupillary margin and go all the way to the posterior pole. So I'm slicing it at the 12 o'clock position. Now I'm going to slice it at the 6 o'clock position. Let's come back again. So this is the opened out eyeball. So what we see is actually because of the pigmented epithelial layer of the retina. So now we have completely divided the eyeball into half and we're seeing one half of the eyeball. So this is the posterior pole and this region where the optic nerve is starting, this is known as the optic disc. This is the location of the optic disc. This is the physiological blind spot because there are no rods and coals and therefore person cannot see through this area. Because there's a cadaver, the neural layers of the retina are completely degenerated. So what we see here is only the pigmented epithelial layer of the retina as well as the coroid and that is what is being stripped off from the underlying sclerar. The anterior limit of this retina is known as the boracereta and from there the neural layer disappears, stops. Only the pigment layer continues and it covers the iris and we can see the cut portion of the iris here and that is known as the iridial part. Before that it also covers the sclerary body and that is known as the sclerary part. So this serrated portion that we see here, this is the iris and just proximal to that this portion is the region of the sclerary body. So this is what we see here. And now the remainder of the pigmented epithelium is being stripped off from the anterior portion of the eyeball as you can see very clearly here. After cataract surgery quite often surgeons make an opening in the iris, a triangular shaped opening and that is known as a peripheral iridectomy. That is to facilitate the drainage of the aqueous from the posterior chamber into the anterior chamber. Now that I have removed the pigmented layer now we can see the iris much more clearly and we can see the serrated structure that we see here this is the iris and just proximal to that is the serrated body. If the lens had been here we would have seen that extending from the serrated body there would have been multiple fibers. Those are known as the suspensory ligaments or the zonules of zinc and they suspend the lens behind the pupil of the eye. In this case as I mentioned the lens is missing. So this is all that we can see here on the internal surface and what we are seeing here now is the screen up from the internal aspect. So this is the globe of the eye the eyeball as seen from inside. When we remove the entire contents of the eyeball we noticed this structure this is the this patient had undergone an intraocular implant and we can see the intraocular implant it was located in the posterior chamber of the eyeball. So this is the intraocular implant. A typical intraocular implant has got two limbs this is the upper limb of the implant and this is the lower limb of the implant. So it is an S shaped and this central portion is the actual intraocular implant. So this was located in the posterior chamber. We managed to look at this only after slicing open the eyeball because otherwise it was not clearly visible. Nowadays cataract surgery is done by means of fecho emulsification. The anterior capsule is sliced open anterior capsule of the lens. The cataract is less matter is sucked out by means of fecho emulsification probe. Then the intraocular implant is folded and it is inserted through the small incision and led to expand and then by means of an instrument called an IOL dialer intraocular lens dialer it is rotated that's what is called a dialer and the superior limb and the inferior limb is fitted into the angles between the remnant of the anterior capsule and the posterior capsule of the lens. So this is what is done for intraocular lens implant and we can see one such intraocular lens implant in front of us. This is what is dialing this is what I am doing right now is dialing but for that we have a special instrument called the IOL dialer this fits and then this is what holds the lens in place. So just to bring you up to speed this is the front of the eye we have removed the conjunctiva this is the bulbar conjunctiva which is covering the eyeball the palpable conjunctiva covers the inner surface of the lid we have removed the conjunctiva we have removed the cornea from the corneal scleral junction we have sliced it in half this is a little more of the pigment epithelium of the iris that we are removing this is the remainder of the iris and we have split open the eyeball we have vitreous is not present the lens was not present the zonular fibres or the zonules of zin were not present the retina has been stripped off from the underlying coroid and the pigmented epithelium and this is the scleral this is the region of the optic disc from where the optic nerve is emerging so this is to summarize the entire eyeball in section as well as its relevant clinical correlations thank you very much for watching ladies and gentlemen have a nice day don't forget to like and subscribe