 The complexity of lignin and hemicellulosegmentation has been known since the middle of the 19th century. Studies have confirmed that all lignin units in coniferous species and up to 66% of lignin moieties in deciduous species are bound to hemicelluloses or cellulose molecules in lignin carbohydrate complexes, LCC. Different types and proportions of lignin and polysaccharides present in biomass lead to the formation of LCC with a great variety of compositions and structures. The nature and amount of LCC linkages and lignin substructures affect the efficiency of pulping, hydrolysis, and digestibility of biomass. This review paper discusses the structures, compositions, and properties of LCC present in biomass and in the products obtained via pre-treating biomass. Methods for extracting, fractionating, and analyzing LCC of biomass, pulp, and spent pulping liquids are critically reviewed. The main perspectives and challenges associated with these technologies are extensively discussed. LCC can be extracted from This article was authored by Dmitry Tarasov, Matthew Leach, and Pedram Fatehi We are article.tv, links in the description below