 Okay, so for this set of breakout sessions I need up here Don and Yachen from CIRA, Anchi will be next, and then Research IcyAfrica and LunarAsia to pitch your sessions. So Don, you're ready to go first. I think we're going to use the handheld a little bit easier and if you just hold it up, people will be able to hear you. Absolutely. We'll turn it on. Cool. Just this guy. Yeah. Awesome. Yeah. Good morning everybody. My name is Don Slonwhite and I'm here with my co-patriot, Yachen Chen, and we're from CIRA. That's the Canadian Internet Registration Authority. We run .ca. Everybody looks at me when I say CIRA and they go, I don't know what you're talking about. I say, we run .ca and they go, oh, okay. But yeah, back in 2011 we sort of started working with MLabs because we wanted to get a state of the internet in Canada. And as everybody knows here, if you can't measure something, it's pretty hard to understand where it's going or where you want it to go. So we created our own internet performance test and we use the NDT test as the basis for it. But we did add a few twists of our own. We created some unique visualizations that for five years ago were pretty awesome. And now we're learning a lot about Canada's internet but as well about the test, about what we want to test and what we want to move forward. And we're really looking at the forward future of all of this. That's one reason we're here is to sit down with all of you folks and be able to figure out what that is and where can we help each other. So if you come to our presentation, which is just here at the front, you're going to see essentially what we built, how we built it. And how we launched it. One of our endeavors was how do we actually get Canadians to run tests? It's not quite as easy as it seems. And then I've got a little bit of talking about NDT, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. And I feel horrible standing up here, much like Chris was saying. You're talking about NDT and there's Rich right there. So it's like, okay, this is weird. But we're going to tell you what we learned in doing all of this stuff and where we think we'd like to move forward on. As well, Yashin's going to talk a bit about how we moved our platform, which was running on servers that we hosted, up under the Amazon Web Services as well. And we did create a national lander and that's what we've been using for quite a few years. But then we went into city-specific landers, building them for the cities and allowing them to be able to dig into that data itself. And then just a brief bit about, you know, building the internet in Canada. So yeah, come to our talk and you'll learn all about that and more. So thank you. Hi, everyone. I'm Anci from Access Now. So today my colleague, Burhan, will join us with me to discuss about the coalition work, which is the Keep It Down Coalition. So the Keep It Down Coalition is a coalition to fight. The mission of the Keep It Down is to stop and prevent governments in this world from deliberately and intentionally watering disruptions of networks or means or ways of communications, specifically with the purpose of information control or communication control. Why we are fighting on these issues? Well, basically what we call the Internet Shutdown or Internet Disruptions, or sometimes it's called Black House or Kill Switch, depending on the different types of network shutdowns. It is usually like this comes to people's mind as a freedom of expression issue, but actually like Internet Shutdowns is a lot of, it touches upon a lot of issue fronts such as connectivity and development, net neutrality, and sometimes it also has to do with digital security and privacy issues because a lot of instances where there's a network shutdown, people tend to find alternative ways to get back online or stay connected. And a lot of, oftentimes, like we're talking about VPNs or circumvention technologies or the use of mesh networks, and that also creates some of the privacy issues because some countries actually criminalize such alternative technologies. And we can, this is a personal story that we collect to put an Internet Shutdown into context. So like in Ethiopia, basically there was an Internet Shutdown for over four months from last year to this year, and the Internet went back on around April this year. And this shutdown actually affected a lot of people on the ground locally. This is an example of an activist, a human rights activist who is trying to do advocacy work and because of the shutdown, like he basically were not able to conduct his work and also stay connected to all of his resources, which actually put a lot of threats to the resources, especially if you're an investigation journalist and investigating really critical issues, sometimes it puts threats to your resources on the ground. So how bad is the situation of network shutdowns? These are some initial data we collected through a multiple databases. And by the way, so the coalition is a global coalition right now has 173 member organizations from a pro-Christmatically 66 countries and regions. And the coalition basically contains civil society organizations, advocacy groups, research centers like MLab, and also a lot of measurement labs. We do have a private sector and other public sector engagement strategies, but they are not technically in the coalition. They are like friends of the coalition, so we do have like a relatively sophisticated collaboration model. And these are all the data we collected primarily between 2016 and 2017. So the challenge for collecting data on internet shutdowns is that a lot of times we have to do retrospective data collection just because of the complexity of the world, you know, like a lot of rural areas when there is a no shutdown, when there is a shutdown, most people have no way to know. And from like a measurement perspective, there is a lot of irregular internet traffic and it's really hard to gauge what actually happened on the ground. We do see a huge increase in terms of the numbers of shutdowns and also in terms of the duration of shutdowns and also the sophistications of shutdowns. Because originally like we are talking about power grid off or kill switch for like signal towers or like cut down the cables. And now we have more sophisticated ways from the government including like setting middle box or actually shutting down services like applications. So like for instance like in Kashmir's case, the local government in Kashmir has a habit, not a habit, has a tradition of shutting down network every other day. Under the public water section 144, the public safety department will shut down the 3G, 2G and also other over the top services, these kind of shutdowns. And also we have another case or model in Cameroon. There were like 230 days of entire shutdowns which happened two times in Cameroon. Both times is like more than three months. So because of the complexity of the issues, we really have a lot of challenges to talking about collections of data. So basically in this section we are going to talk about three major challenges we are facing now. And hopefully with expertise in everybody here we can come up with a solution of more automated and efficient way to share and collect data. And so that session will be in the conference room across the way. Oh, can I grab the clicker? Thank you. That session will be in the conference room across the way so that Berhan, her Anci's colleague, can join from Ethiopia remotely. Hi. So yesterday I spoke briefly about the importance of demand side data. And so today I'm going to talk a little bit about some of the recent and ongoing research that we've done in the global south. It's on demand side data, nationally representative sample surveys in identifying the barriers to digital equality. So just to give you a brief, we've done pretty well on getting mobiles into people's hands and those are just the red bar that you can see. These are the countries that we've got the numbers crunched for now. There are a couple of more that will be added on. And the countries are ordered in income by income level. So Argentina being the highest and Mozambique being the lowest. So if you look at that, the blue bar, which is internet use. And if I take India, for example, 19% of the population age 15 to 65 access the internet. That's 80% not online of a one billion populations. Pretty sizable. So if you look at by and large the issues, sorry, those numbers are just the samples sizes from each country. But if you look by and large, it's pretty interesting. If you look at the high income countries mostly concentrated in Latin America, you find that there's more sophisticated use. And so the issues are also more about privacy and cybersecurity, viruses and so on. If you look at the poorest countries mostly concentrated in Africa, the issue is more towards cost and affordability. And then somewhere in the middle is Asia where the issues are more on quality of service. So if you look at quality of service in Asia and my colleagues will be talking about Africa as well and we'll be going into more depth. And I will hand it over now to my colleague in Africa. Right. So in our session, we'll be trying to give some insights to some of the research we've done in Africa from aspects of access, which she introduced and also my colleague will talk about. But I will focus on issues of performance of Internet. So you may have heard about this. This is a sort of something that has been talked about for a long time in terms of how poorly connected the networks are in Africa, in terms of limited pay-aliening and maybe using secure routes to exchange traffic that is supposed to be exchanged within. So I will discuss some of the recent research we've done in that regard to see how far we've come with the introduction of many exchange points. And also then we'll look at some of these studies we've done in terms of understanding the latencies within countries with the progression of the networks. How much have we improved in terms of the delays that we experienced within particular countries but also within neighboring countries. So having done that, we actually were able to come up with certain clusters that we see certain countries coming together having good connectivity between themselves but having very poor delay, I mean high delay with other or the rest of the countries. So that also we'll discuss if you want to know how we covered that and how we came up with the clusters. And then my colleague will talk a little bit about what else we did. So my name is Sarah and the other thing we'll talk about is content hosting. We wanted to see where content that people in the continent are accessing is hosted and what kind of impact it has on the speeds, on ROTT and things like that. So of course a lot of the content that people access is not local content. It's things like Facebook or things like that but then we focused on African news websites. So we'll show you that and show you where the content is hosted and then we'll look at trends, throughput trends from 2013 to 2018 to see if we've been improved or gone down and also to look at things like delays, how we are performing. We'll take a look at rural versus urban performance to see if you get same speeds in urban centers and rural centers but then we look at it as a continent, then we break it down to regions, north, east, west, south and central. Then we look at countries in those regions. So that's the kind of stuff we'll invite you to join us. All right. And then at the end we'll again talk about this web application, a website that we developed in collaboration with AFRNIC where I was working and also with ISOC ZA. That's the ISOC chapter in Cape Town where we developed this sort of website to try and provide a more accessible way of providing internet data, statistics about access levels, number of people using the internet in different countries and so on. So we're calling this platform called WIDA for World Internet Data Explorer. We're pulling data from a few places including AFNIC. So AFNIC has lots of data about number of users, market share, things like that. So we're pulling all that data regularly and uploading it into this application. So it provides a very easy visualization if you want to see how many users are in a particular country or you want to compare side by side different countries. So come and hear about this project WIDA. We want to expand it and we want to get more collaborations out of it and see how best we can provide internet statistics to the world.