 Hi, this is Dr. Beeman and we're going to do the migration of the gasses. The first thing is the hydrochloric acid and we're going to load this into the left side as you look at it. So I'm gonna take this, basically place a couple of drops of this into a piece of cotton that's in there and we're gonna load that up. Okay, you can see the pH paper changing in this. We're going to stop for that, turn that so that it's good. You can see it. Now I'm going to step across ammonium hydroxide here and we're going to load this one on this side with the ammonium hydroxide and you can see the green formation here with the pH paper. On this side you can see the red of the HCl. I'm gonna basically put this on. Now we'll be able to track this looking at the color of the pH paper. You can already see that this ammonium is starting to diffuse very rapidly versus that of the HCl. I've got a clock on here and what we're going to do is to watch it basically come across. You can see already that the ammonium has traveled almost two or three times as far as the HCl has. We're going to let the clock go. We started at zero and you can see the second hand coming around. The pH paper is basically telling you where the gases are in this and you can see that going on. I'm going to step away from the camera and let it run for just a minute. I'm going to add a meter stick here to the upper part. It's like that so you can see how fast this is actually going. You can already see the ammonia on this side passing the 50 whereas the hydrogen chloride is just getting down here to the 8 or 9. We're about three minutes in now and you can already start seeing the ammonium is down here and here is the hydrogen chloride here. The ammonium is traveling much faster and it's just a little bit up so you can see it as it travels. We're about five minutes into this and that we've gone from 50 to 40 with the ammonium and really the HCl has just gotten a few centimeters more so that the ammonium gas is traveling much faster than the HCl. Coming up to the six minute mark and you can see now that we're well past the 40 centimeter mark moving down here toward 36, 37 someplace in there for the ammonium gas and over here with the hydrogen chloride we're basically at about 9 maybe the 10 mark for that. We don't think that we're at the 10 mark just yet. Coming up to the eight minute mark you can already see that we're now down from the 40 to around the 34 here and close to the 9, 9.5 mark with the HCl. We're getting toward the 10 minute mark and as you can see that we've made it all the way down down the tube to the about the 30 close to the 30 centimeter mark so we've gone from 40 to 30 in about a minute about three minutes something like that maybe four minutes and we continue to spread downward with our ammonium hydroxide whereas the HCl now is just about to hit the 10 centimeter mark. There's 10 minutes. Starting to come up on 12 minutes and you can see now we're down past 32 right about 26 there abouts right on that tube so we're basically driving much faster with the the ammonia that's coming off than with the HCl. The HCl is not quite to the 10 mark yet it's getting very close to that but it hasn't quite got there. Now we're starting to come up on the 15 minute mark and you can see the green of the ammonium hydroxide has gone from this 60 to 62 all the way down now toward 23 whereas the hydrogen chloride is just now getting to the 10 there abouts not moving very rapidly there. I'm going to move this around a little bit so that we get the full effect. I'm going to pull this down because I expect the reaction zone to be approximately where that mark is on the tube so we're going to take this down just a little bit and I'm going to reset this to the point where it's essentially at the end just like that. What we're going to do is to the other end here in just a second take this and pull this down about where we had it before so the same descriptors can be used. I'm going to take and put tape on here so we know where things are oops almost lost that. I expect the reaction zone to be someplace close to that mark that approximates where we are in terms of the tube. You can see at this point or close to 10 again a little more and see at this point that we're getting very close to our 20 centimeter mark for the ammonium hydroxide whereas for the HDL we're just now getting to that mark in the tube that is about 10 centimeters. The 20 minute mark essentially at this point what you have is the ammonium hydroxide has driven down to around 18 maybe yeah about 18 centimeters so it's gone from ostensibly the 60 centimeter mark all the way down to around the 18 centimeter mark and the hydroxide is just now getting across the 10 and hitting toward the 11. I'm going to take you and focus you in on that reaction mixture. You can see how this is starting to really quite get close to each other. We're about 23 minutes out now. You can see that we're starting to get very very close up here. This is where my ammonium hydroxide or ammonium gas is and here's my HDL now right at 10. Bring your father out so you can take a look. We're about 25 minutes out now and what we see is that the the ammonia is right on the verge of reacting with the hydrogen chloride. Basically there is a very few or very little amount of the pH paper that has not been reacting with at this point and as you look back you will see that there is a very large amount of ammonium hydroxide that's starting to come down. So we've seen it drive from about 60 centimeters down to about 10 centimeters in about 25 minutes. Very shortly the two will mix with each other about 27 minutes and you can see that we now have the two that appear to be in contact with each other. There's very little pH paper left to react for them. Almost 30 minutes now and what is going on is that the ammonia has driven down to the HDL. We're going to see very shortly that we're going to get a reaction down here on this about where the mark is. We expect to see in fact you can barely see the beginning of a white a white material it's going to happen about where that card is and a little farther up. What about there? That's where we expect that to start happening. Okay, what I'm going to do is to get a colored block here and start showing that to you very shortly. We're going to let it mix a while. It's right at the red spot that you could start seeing it right here. It's going to start happening. We're at 31 minutes. Three minutes here. I'm going to do is take and tear a black piece of edge. Hopefully you can start seeing the the ammonium chloride that's being formed at this point. Hope to see that right where it's present. We drag the tube just a little farther down. There we go. You can see that right there where the white precipitate is occurring right here. We're at now 33 minutes. We're at 34 minutes. Really starting to form nicely right here. You can see the ring right around it and what I'm going to do is to show you the camera here and then get a close-up of this. Show you that. It's present there. Okay, and we're sitting at about 35 minutes out and we've got a precipitate that has formed right on that line.