 Thank you very much and it's a great pleasure to be invited to speak here, it's a fantastic venue and I'm really happy to discover this morning that the home of data for edu-service Swindon, I'm into big data projects and so I'll be looking for some space on the servers hopefully. I'm going to talk about mobile, mobile, mobile, which was actually the phrase that Eric Schmidt used of Google when he spoke at the Mobile World Congress where he was trying to say that mobile is everything now and it's the platform. So hopefully I'm going to give you some insights into why that might be the case and why it's not just about the iPhone but other things beyond that. Just a little bit about myself so you know where I'm coming from. I'm not an educationist at all, I'm not in the education area. I call myself a mobilist because I do all things mobile, technology, business, even the kind of philosophical aspects of it. I've been 20 years in this sector really since the beginning of digital cellular. I have 16 patents in this technology. I've worked on projects in most places so I know pretty much what's going on around the world in mobile and I was the founder of one of the earliest if not the earliest mobile startup in Europe and I've been chief architect for Motorola. Recently started the O2 incubator program for startups and I'm a hacker so I still build stuff and I'm an author, I've got several books and there's a new one coming out this year but for today I'm the kind of setting the scene guy to give you a flavor for the state of the art if you like of mobile and what's happening. I think a good starting place is to think about where we've come from when we are now and a lot of people talk about this mobile 2.0 or 2.0 idea and there's a lot of you know fluff in these kind of definitions but I think what sums it up is on the left there is the Nokia 7110. Did anyone own one of these devices? Okay you're the old hands, the original mobilists. This was back in 1999, it was the first case of an internet capable device. You could connect to the internet albeit badly through some WAP pages, very clunky user experience and now we've moved over to this phase where we have with the iPhone and many other devices like it now the first internet centric mobile device where internet is really at the center of the device and it's a usable experience and for most smartphone iPhone users they spend more time using the data functions of the device typically than the traditional calling and texting. So this really indicates that we've arrived at this point where connecting to the internet using mobile is a possibility, a very real possibility and it's one where we're kind of seeing a tipping point now with this proliferation of smartphones. At the moment in the UK it's probably about 15% smartphone penetration but maybe within the next three years this would be something like 40% and 80% of the devices being sold in that time frame will probably be smartphones. So within the next three years and probably in your thinking you're planning out this far most people you can assume will be able to consume internet type services on their mobile with relative ease and the interesting development recently of course is the emergence of these kind of possibly new categories of device like the iPad and what I see is the key differentiator here is whereas the iPhone and the smartphone is really an internet centric device very usable where you can do stuff besides talking, these kind of iPad devices are enabling you to be more productive, you can do more stuff faster and what's been very interesting is to see the rapid take up of this new modality of mobile interface. One example I picked from education is the blackboard.com guys with a very interesting service to enable educators to manage the syllabus and their classes and what have you. They've already produced a really interesting application for the iPad that really works well and they've thought through the whole touch paradigm at this kind of size and scale and the fact that it's all very at your fingertips and produced a very nice application and you may want to check that out as a good example of user interface design and mobile experience tuned to these new types of device. Now when we talk about mobile 2 to 0 we don't just want to talk about the tech we want to talk about the user behaviors what's new what's changed and the big difference has been the migration from talking and texting which is all you could do with the mobile and is still what most people do to different types of activities you can organize lunch detect offers with things like Groupon you can find places share video clips you can even hail a taxi you can even hail a taxi that's the nearest one to you that's free which is pretty handy you can sense a friend of a friend someone who knows someone you know you can compare shopping prices scan and share the bill all these are stuff that you can do now with apps and of course we've all heard the phrase there's an app for that they're pretty much is everything you can think of now there's an app to do do do stuff so we're arriving at a place where you can kind of run your life on your mobile and you know that may sound still sci-fi or far-fetched for many of us but this really is the kind of place we're arriving at very rapidly and there's a convergence of many other technologies behind that I'm going to mention in a minute that really make this a reality what this brings for everybody and educationalists are no exception is many opportunities but there are still many challenges and the challenges are not just the technological ones but there are kind of ethical ones philosophical ones and all kinds of really interesting things now that are possible and interesting questions that arise out of this mobile 2.0 phenomenon so one thing that I often get asked is exactly how ubiquitous is this mobile 2.0 what is the penetration how much do people really use their mobiles and I like to go into a few stats here just to give you a flavor first of all how big is it on the global arena some interesting stats at the top the first laptop in 1985 and now you know many years later we have about 400 million laptops in circulation first iPod 2001 now we have 200 million iPods but mobiles is a much bigger play there's 1.2 million mobiles sold every year and this is globally of course and in 59 countries what's interesting is there are more mobiles than people and by that I don't mean the ones we all have in our cupboard like the 7110s our friend up there had I mean active mobile subscriptions sims that are live on the network in 59 countries there are more of those than there are people which means you know some people have more than one device of course and that's something that's set to increase with things like iPads we're going to have embedded micro sims you may have a sim in your car and in a minute I'm going to talk about this whole plethora of sensor devices that we're going to see an explosion of soon each possibly with their own sim so the number of mobile connections is is still increasing quite dramatically there's 1.2 active email users on the planet versus 2.5 billion active text users or thereabouts this is probably increased since I wrote the slide 50% of email senders expect a reply within 24 hours that's the kind of time frame the responsibility that we're looking at with email versus 84% of textors usually expect to want to reply within five minutes and I'm sure we're all familiar with this and now there are things like Twitter I mean it's driven the kind of immediacy even beyond that and so mobile is everywhere thanks to Michaelis for this wonderful phrase it really is a platform that's everywhere in every sense and it's in everywhere in that you can run stuff on it all over the planet all over the place so just to dive into some more statistics about this trend from voice and text to other things this is from the Nielsen group and it's looking at the millions of people doing mobile tasks in the UK besides talking and you can see at the top there that 21% of mobile users now are internet users so they're using the internet on their mobile eight percent of people have downloaded apps and in fact this is quite dramatic growth from last year and I mentioned that in a minute and texting though is still by far the biggest data application on mobile and texting is by no means dead in fact there's a kind of interesting things that I'm working on and other people working on to to make texting even more powerful and relevant than it already is but it's still the number one mobile data application if we look at some internet statistics these are taken from opera who provide the opera mini browser does anyone use the opera mini browser okay few of you okay it's in there's enough of them out there's at least a hundred million instances that you can get quite meaningful stats back from the the use of it because actually a lot of people don't know if you're using opera mini it's going through a proxy in the cloud so in fact it's it's perfectly possible to see what you're looking at so they they kind of aggregate the information and share it and this is just the UK snapshot for March in the UK so the page view growth since March last year is 74.2% that's the amount of stuff that people are looking at the amount of pages and the unique user growth is 40 so 40 increase in the number of unique users using the the opera mini browser but really we could say the mobile internet and the interesting stuff to look at is the top 10 sites that are accessed using the mobile number one is Google and this is no surprise and Google have very interesting stats incidentally when do you think this is a not a rhetorical question you can give me an answer when do you think is the peak time for searching using google on a handset anyone want to offer an answer who's not a mobile person what in the UK what is the peak time doesn't matter where you are in the world actually seven o'clock Friday evening it's later than that the peak two o'clock in the morning well a few of us yes like myself no the peak time is about 11 p.m on mobile and on desktops laptops the peak time is round about lunchtime so that shows you actually that surfing in bed is the new reading you know so people aren't reading novels they're surfing in bed so this actually is is true I mean this what's happening so search of course is a key use case so we expect that to be at the top and searches by no means a complete story there's so many different ways we can think about search and any person working in the field of applications and data needs to have a search strategy the second one is facebook.com how many people here on facebook okay how many people here use facebook on their mobile okay a lot of you okay more or less about 40 percent right so facebook.com looking at what your friends are up to another classic use case of the mobile bbc.co.uk actually it's the news site no surprise there wikipedia is the fourth people are looking stuff up on their mobile whether it's in the pub to challenge their friends or whatever it is or cheating at a pub quiz game things like this but these are the key use cases search friends news info and down the bottom there that's creeping on is twitter and this idea of some kind of real-time conversation in the public arena this is actually dramatically increasing and i'm going to mention a little bit at that i was fortunate enough to go to the twitter conference developer conference in San Francisco where we built the maps just really interesting stuff going on with twitter and the whole movement to the real-time web so the next slide is showing this is from ad mobs network they insert ads into mobile web pages and so again they have enough usage that these are fairly accurate figures in general that we can take to look at behaviors smartphone access to the internet is on the increase no surprise feature phone as a percentage is decreasing although as a total feature phone is on the increase as we saw on that last slide which i failed to mention most of that mobile internet access is still happening on feature phones but the growth is being driven and the acceleration is from the use of smartphones and then down here we have interesting growth of these so-called mobile internet devices which are things like ipod touches um nintendo ds's and um you know maybe the ipad would now go into that category or the non-3g one it's it's not clear so we're seeing uh growth every year and people accessing this this is real stuff so you know if there's any doubts still about whether or not people can and do access the internet on their handsets i mean the figures show this is actually something that's growing very rapidly and within the next three years as i said with 80 sales will be smartphones these figures will be through the roof you can assume that you can have a conversation you can connect with your users in a very meaningful way using mobile so the drivers overall of the mobile 2.0 explosion or growth are first and foremost actually the availability of more data friendly tariffs the fact that you can have a fixed rate tariff you know how much you're paying is the number one driver of mobile internet usage so in a country where they have feature phones predominantly not too many smartphones what you see is when you introduce the friendly tariffs you get an increase sometimes very dramatically in the um uptake of mobile internet and google have some interesting charts where they show they contract very easily when there's a special offer made like in i saw one in singapore where at the weekend they're offering you free data the huge spikes in the internet traffic so it shows people will use this even with the relatively clumsy handset uh if it's economically possible and viable for them so the second aspect of course is increased device usability which we mentioned the smartphone proliferation and now these kind of pad devices um and you know i think there's going to be a lot of interesting activity in that space and then faster and fatter networks we have the 3g plus and within that smartphone period we're talking about the three years we will see the introduction commercially of lte services where in theory you can have a hundred megabits per second on a wireless device uh greater web 2.0 centricity in general more and more of us are engaged in some way with the internet whether it's shopping at tesco's or using facebook more and more of our lives are in the digital domain so this in fact is driving the um a lot of the innovation in mobile it's actually driven by consumer demand uh social networks are mobilizing this has been had a tremendous impact on the uptake of mobile services and then of course app stores leading to many new consumer habits um greater user participation there's actually quite a bit of uploading going on now this is growing significantly and and the fact that you can make money in this arena i mean that's really been one of the key drivers in attracting a lot of developers to the app store the iphone app store was this kind of gold rush effect where you could make lots of money out of um uh applications now in terms of uh from the the the supply side um the question is is this platform accessible to developers publishers creators ideators people who want to put stuff out there services like yourselves well with one oh the answer was no i mean it was a categoric no the it was a very closed universe walled garden affair very difficult to launch any meaningful services but now we're in this period where the answer is definitely yes it's much easier with 2.0 to create services to put stuff out there because we have this kind of um new ecosystem in which everything is um open what's happened is the the shift really has been the center of gravity shifted from the cellular operator world to the internet world to web to the oh is the the platform on which services are developed uh and most mobile services are in fact web based services that are then made available via the um mobile and even the apps that run on the iphone a lot of them are chatting to the network so we have all this open um platforms and i'm a great believer in open and i think we should continue to drive the open agenda um and in fact there's many threats to this in fact with things like twitter being a so-called open platform but when you um look at what what's really going on i mean they're trying to really dominate the universe with real-time buses if you like a messaging bus um and this is in fact belongs to them it's that it's theirs it's not open and i think we should have open standards for this kind of stuff so where are the trends where is this what's happening right now i mean i want to talk too futuristically um our end on a couple of futuristic notes um but what's happening right now and in the next three years in this smartphone era that's that we should be paying attention to that's interesting well i've tried to highlight some of the key uh trends the the four bubbles at the top they are kind of what's happening in the mobile world and the three down here which i hope you can you can see the text on those what's happening on the on the platform side on the website and these are significant trends so in the mobile world we're seeing as we've already told um this smartphone adoption increase so this is a major um uh element because it's thriving new user behaviors that means the users can use your stuff they can consume digital services fast to access i mean we already have ubiquitous 3g um it's definitely um a struggle in some places to get good access um if you go to san francisco where everyone is walking along with an iphone it's very difficult to get a good signal actually um and they're they're hitting the the barriers of what's physically possible um you'd have to put a sell site you know in every starbucks or something um and there's enough of those in in san francisco to do that but um rich user interfaces the old um mobile experience was very clunky we're seeing now the possibilities to have a very rich user experience um html 5 is something that's going to drive that so html 5 is really the latest standard if you like and it's uh it's probably something that's going to drag on for 20 years but it's coming out bit by bit what it means is we can do things that are kind of like flash like using the flash type technologies in browsers natively and so we can offer rich experiences and there's many other features um that are part of this you know giant um standard or collection of ideas um sense of proliferation the idea that if you think about it every phone has a camera on it that's a sensor they have accelerometers to detect movement and there's all kinds of really interesting stuff happening with sensors that i'm going to talk about in a minute this is a key um development i think in the home mobile space on the internet side um we're seeing three key trends the one is cloud computing the availability of this elastic on-demand computing resources whether it's in the edu serve swindon data center or on amazon's cloud or a google app engine or wherever it is this is really a huge and dominant um trend uh social computing what this means is the idea that more and more applications are cognizant of the idea that it's a person using it who has connections with other people and connections with certain interests and there are kind of pieces of software if you like that are that are arising out of the internet that just understand people and so the way um software engineers are beginning to think is not in this very old-fashioned functions and objects kind of a but in kind of a people-centric way and so social computing is really what's if the emerging theme if you like of thinking of new types of ways of writing software and then the real time or as i'm going to mention in a minute what they call the right time web now is really this thing that's been driven by twitter the idea that second by second by second you can um understand what's going on in the world you can get status updates from different people from even machines um and there's a whole array of things going on and perhaps some of you are tweeting at the mic are you tweeting at the moment see here's tweet anyone else tweeting at the moment there's quite a few of you you see so as i speak other people we don't have the live stream here they don't need it they can read the twitter stream right it's a bit more condensed of course so all of these things are happening and we're we're arriving at a point where you you can have kind of true digital immersion i mean it's possible to to move your life as we are into the digital domain and then remain immersed in it everywhere you go and that's really fascinating and one of the areas that i really love is the augmented reality so let's talk about sensors the fact you have a camera and a compass an accelerometer on your handset you can point your handset up into the into the space and it can overlay information and you got things like google goggles down here where this is a new type of search you point your camera uh phone at an object and the search engine will try and find that object in its huge database and then stream you information about that object and in fact the the beta version of google goggles does face detection but because of the ethical question marks about that they they actually haven't released that feature but what it can do is if you if you point it at me uh and it knows who i am which it probably does from my picture on the internet you can immediately tell that's Paul Golding so you could be on the tube you know or not the tube in London because we don't have uh coverage in Barcelona and i think we're going to get it to the olympics but you could be you know think someone you think you're someone thinks you're just tweeting or whatever you actually got to pick you you're looking at their face and you're streaming a live stream you know of their wiki page or whatever and so you know i'll let you think about what that can be used for maybe kids will be pointing phones at teachers and finding out what they're all about when they're not teaching which is often an interesting and kind of can be a shocking thing so um this is augmented reality alongside that is the internet of things this is what some people are calling web 2.0 is the internet of things all this stuff out there you can connect to the internet and there's really interesting stuff happening like with these Arduino boards these tiny little boards where all the hackers now their attention a lot of the the hacking community has moved away from kind of software stuff to hard stuff you know back to the whole we thought hardware was dead but it's come back alive because it turns out you can build all these interesting gadgets and then people hack into their cars like if you have got a Toyota Prius as i have people have hacked in and then they run software on it so you know where you're going you're going to the new starbucks it tweets a coffee for you and and then there's there's a machine which actually is in san francisco where there's a bagel oven and it will tweet you when the bagels are ready so you know you can you can imagine i'm not sure what the education potential is there but that's for you guys to figure out so the internet of things you can enable stuff physical hard stuff could be books and people still read books i don't know could be books in the library could be artifacts in the museum all these wonderful exhibits that i was looking at out out in the in the foyer here so let's talk about this right time web i think that this is really where it's at this is to me is the key slide if you're a techie i should have our how many of you are technologists or software type people okay so this slide is for you i hope the rest of you will appreciate it what we have with mobile is this idea i think of the right time computer which is means the right information at the right time delivered to the right person hopefully and what i'm advocating and what i think is going to happen is these excitement about android and iphone os and all these things web os now with the palm is it's not really where the thinking is going to be at these are just enablers i think where the thinking will be is in what is the layer on top of that are we at a stage now where we should think about a person operating system because a lot of what's driving computing now in the social computing era with facebook and things like this is what is it happening to me what are my interests and my friends interests and my family's interests and my teachers interests and all those these things so when you look at profile status intent which you can figure out people's intent by the way they're tweeting for example and there are experiments that demonstrate this very convincingly their context shared to the interests how they're tagging things photos and what have you it's possible to form a complete kind of alter ego of the person in the digital domain and i think that the person operating system is really where the innovation will be so that we get away from this kind of antiquated idea of computers with files and cap i mean my kids don't even know what a filing cabinet is or or you know these files and folders they've never used them i don't think so we're moving away from that and i think with on the on the ui side we see a lot more kind of 3d and virtual world type of interfaces but we're going to have a kind of person based operating system at the top and this the mobile phone will become the personalized computer we've had the pc the personal computer which mean just it was my own instead of some mainframe the mobile is already the first instance of a personalized computer everything about it is you and increasingly it would be the nexus to use google's trade name there of of your your digital life and what you're doing and what you're about and beneath that then is the web operating system the web is rapidly becoming like an operating system we're not interested anymore in the lower level staff like the http protocols and all this there's huge blobs of software sitting on top of that that we can build interesting things with and it's becoming increasingly real time in nature it's possible to find out second by second what's going on that's of interest to you and into your life and to what you want to achieve out of life so underneath that is this big infrastructure play which is essentially cloud the cloud computing platform and big data over there on the left is a huge component of that and in fact where most of the innovation is right now i'd say in the internet world is in these big data projects making economic value out of unthinkably large amounts of data is really where the play is that and that's what you need to think if you had all of your data in your fear of your fear of interest available to you that you could somehow query what could you do with that information so what does this all mean so just now get on to a kind of a few closing points what's the meaning of the all of this now one of my favorite authors is nil postman or was nil postman i mean he's passed away and he was a kind of media theorist and he talked about how technology is transformative and it's like you know once you put a drop of red ink he said in the water there's no pulling it back out it all mixes in and an example that he gave which i like is that europe plus the printing press when it came along didn't equal just europe plus a bunch of books it actually created a new europe it transformed the way we thought about the world in fact i like to think of this as the first augmented reality because your reality until that point was your experience of the world local to you your friends you know what what the village doctor told you or your your head of your family whatever and suddenly had this idea where you could receive knowledge from afar you know you could find out about the world in ways you never understood because your your world up until that point was just limited to your media experiences so i think this is the first augmented reality and then followed you know many centuries later by the telegraph and i had a profound impact and you know it's often interesting to reflect on this the fact that you could be sitting in one place and you could hear the news about what was happening in another town which we all take for granted and we've seen that we've even this has been transformed recently with things like twitter how twitter in fact there are so many stories of political activism and reporting being enabled by the fact that someone was able to tweet about the experience and people immediately able to to have some kind of connection and affinity with that experience in a totally different part of the world so what's the meaning in terms of mobile well personalized mobile is also transformative the a person plus a right time computer which is you know i think we should think about these things they're computers um i mean the the iphone has easily a hundred times the computing power of the first pentium um delp 60 machines p 60 machines if you add up all of the processing power on the iphone not just the cpu but the gpu and all these things the tremendous amount of computing power if you add these things together it's not just personalized computing you know it's an incidental fact it's actually i think we're arriving at a new person if you like and and what we're seeing i think is the advent or emergence of augmented cognition the fact that with the availability of real-time information sensory information about the world you're in it actually um changes your ability to think and understand the world around you in real time and you can imagine and i've done these experiments where you're wearing a set of glasses like this and you can project into them information in real time i could be doing face detection uh see who andy is what he's about what he's tweeting you could mention something and i could be looking at it in real time um we know whether or not you think that's a good idea or a bad idea um i i kind of love that stuff um but it changes it can change the way we think about the world and i think this is the opportunity in in m ed or m learning or whatever it's called is in augmenting augmented learning or the kind of right where learning keep putting all these new buzzwords in every talk has to have a buzzword right mike so this is my right where learning it's about education and learning at the right time and place and why does it have to be a set time in a set place the right information um you know that that person needs for them to learn and understand about the world they're trying to learn and even the right type of thinking you know we don't often stop to think about thinking uh in the kind of debono sense but with these if you have a personal computer and imagine it's a very powerful device you have on you all the time why can't it enhance how you perceive the world it can it's already possible and there are very interesting experiments um being done in this area of augmented cognition already so i think the edgyserv if you like innovation challenge um is to think about you know what is right where and what do we mean by right what is a right education if we can do it any time any place what is right thinking i mean these things need to be debated they need to be thought through because in the next three years with the ipads and all these kinds of devices there's no doubt that you can invent new modes of learning and some of the speakers later i'm sure are much more expert and have great insights into this and i encourage you to listen to them and how can uk learning institutions lead in this space this is really the future is education and it's m education there's already tons of experiments going on with smartphones and schools uh and the use of these technologies and universities what can we invent how can we invent a new future using these um uh technologies and possibilities i think that's the challenge that we need to debate uh today and and from here on out and how can we lead uh in this um charge so um that that's the end of my presentation thank you for listening and if there are any questions i think i've bombarded you with a lot of information so does anyone talk i thought it was an excellent overview and very very stimulating so um now over to you really any questions for paul there's a actually just hold on a minute we have got roving mics just because of the live streaming which i understand is back on is that right so we are live streaming now so that's good right it's a bit flaky paul um eric borris from edgysurf um a question you paint lots of possibilities but i'm wondering personally what's your moral ethical societal framework checklist which stops this technology pushing us to somewhere we don't want to go um that's a good question uh and um i think it's needs to be debated i mean there is no answer there are so many new possibilities for example um you know you can you can leave them information now pinned in the air i mean it's what people are effectively doing things like four square i could pin a note outside of the classroom outside someone could pin outside of my house saying this guy's a loser you know and don't live here or whatever don't so what's to say you know he has the right to do that does it become libelous and all these things there's there's no there's no answer i mean to a lot of these new questions but i think it's important to debate them um and hence why i made the point about what is right what is right thinking what is right i mean yeah yes um i'm not sure where my line is yet because um i haven't done anything that you know that where i've definitely said no i won't touch that but there are areas that i have some concerns about and doubts about but um i think the the the best response is to accept that as you know as new postman said the gene is out of the bottle really and once the technology is there it does transform so we need to make sure we're controlling that transformation in a way that's productive and creative and gets what we want uh and that's the benefit of having these kind of open forums at brian kelly creative commons license for question um i think that was a great great overview and you were talking about the huge take up of mobile technologies throughout the globe and you were just answering a question about the the ethical issues associated with this you didn't mention the um either the opportunities or the barriers for people with disabilities so i know there are some concerns that we might be driven by these great new iphone technologies but they are actually might we might be inventing new barriers for people who have difficulties accessing these mobile devices any comments on that um well uh there are you know with any technology there there are always you know the cutting edge if you like is is driven by whatever commercial innovation um typically you know commercial objectives um but um so it's not always going to be accessible to everyone um but i think that with mobile technology i mean i see a lot of examples where in fact enabling new types of behavior for people who need extra access to things so um you can use mobiles to have a sort of sixth sense about the world there's applications that enable blind people to see the world through the the detection in the camera of objects and turning visual stuff into sound um i think with some of the touch paradigms are much easier to use although you know we may find them clunky and i'm a great supporter of this type of innovation and um it's a good question and i i hope everyone heard that you know we should always be thinking about how we design for everyone especially when it comes to learning opportunities so thanks thanks for that question. Thank you. Bill Ashraf University of Sussex i i started using text messaging in my lectures in 2005 i think i find it really useful from the point of student engagement but i think the the main sort of barrier we face at the moment in institutions and universities is trying to get that technology out there and i think one of the key things while the technology is absolutely fantastic and i'm all for it i'm a bit sort of geeky in that way but it's how i how i can persuade and i guess how people in the audience can persuade our academic colleagues who tend to like probably at least one or two generation phones behind our students how we can actually get them engaged and also very very key to the universities talking about businesses what effect that's going to have on the business the student experience and and looking at the evidence to see whether it actually does actually make any difference other than just a waste bank toy and i think that's probably lacking in the literature and lacking in sort of large-scale studies. Yeah okay that's interesting so i mean there's two two parts there you know we definitely need to demonstrate that these technologies have an advantage and that they do produce results so you know any any studies and people with you know one thing some of you might want to take away is to think of a mobile use case where you actually do study it and see how mobile technology enhances the learning experience. The first one you know what happens what i'm used to in the kind of developer tech world is this idea of evangelism you know which sounds like a grand term but it really does work so what happens in the tech world is that people who have a passion for this technology who understand it they go out and they show people how it works and the new possibilities so i think that maybe this is a i don't know what edu serves remit is but maybe you need some evangelists to go out and actually show the academic staff you know what's possible and how this can improve your ability to to teach to do research because you know one thing i didn't mention is of course with sensors and mobiles there's a huge opportunity for data collection which helps with research lots of research programs so i think evangelism is it's the only way actually you know have to go out and teach people inform them and we should never it's a grind but we should never underestimate the the outputs of that and i think that's sounds like what we need in the in the in the universities i think i'm up next i'm slightly skeptical about the idea of mobile web and your biggest information helping all right thinking and for a long time many academics have worried about students being over lives in google there's kind of easy sources now if mobile web means you're saturated this kind of un peer-reviewed information out of your control it's going to make that situation worse and maybe it can be a risk as well as a benefit to learning yeah um that's a good question so uh where a lot of the innovation is happening now and the thinking is in um how you solve the data overload problem uh and so i think we've got to a point really with with web 2.0 where just everything is on the web i mean the data is available and for a lot of us there's too much too many emails too many tweets and what have you what is possible now with with the because basically because the huge amount of computing power in the cloud is to make sense of the data and and therefore to filter it and to deliver the right information that's why i talked about the right time web because that's where you now where the thinking is at we've got the data on the web how do we make sure it's the right information in the right place so so what is right thinking is kind of working backwards from really where you i think need to end up with your question which is you know what would constitute right thinking and and given like all this data how do i get back how do i connect the two and it's it's certainly possible and software it's so powerful now and with the amount of computing power you can use on demand in the cloud you can do new stuff i mean the idea of accessing getting new meaning from data is certainly a possibility and it's happening right now so so you know maybe you should look at some of the big data projects going on and i think you might be encouraged that there is i believe a way to enhance our thinking through mobile technologies it's not like we can do it now maybe but it's certainly it's possible okay i'm going to make this the last question christian independent consultant the the yet you touched on the difficulty in san francisco of now getting access to the infrastructure i mean i live in north oxford only martin center and i can't get a mobile signal in my home yeah um we've got for i the other thing is that i can of course have recently started getting to the point where they're finished allocating or very very close to finishing allocating the address space are you comfortable that we know how to build a wireless ip 6 network at scale it doesn't have latency problems because it seems to me that we may find two years down that the proliferation of always on devices means that we cannot actually build the infrastructure that will support these apps without massive deterioration in performance um so uh yeah that's a really good point um in fact the the growth of data is really exceeding the capacity of the wireless networks um and i'd say this is you know if you look on average across the board and in certain areas um it already has san francisco downtown london maybe all there's areas where there's patchiness where you well you live you can't get the signal um so uh the the real question is whether or not these new networks can be built and um in an economically viable fashion because one of the things that's happened in the industry is the huge amount of competition that's led to this kind of lower cost of mobile data is not really in sync with the economics of building these networks because for ltn things you've got to go out and build a new one um so um but the the technology um you know i think it is there um to to get us to that place i think the economics is is is the issue and um you know i i have to be careful what i say as i do so much work for o2 um so yeah i think it's going to work that's a nice place to end we now have a coffee break can we just briefly say thank you to paul once again