 Our first speaker is Professor Maciej Pilecki, who is working at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Aguila University Medical College here in Krakow. And he will give us a talk entitled COVID-19 in the Seek of Facts. Welcome, Professor Pilecki, and the screen is yours. Thank you very much. So we'll give you a moment to start the presentation. Could you see the presentation? Yes. OK, so thank you very much for inviting me for this meeting. And actually, this is not the topic of my scientific interest, but the question of misinformation, facts, and the consequences of the misinformation on everyday physician and psychiatrist's work becomes more and more important, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is a substantial global challenge. And what's very characteristic for this type of medical problems is that the decision of a single person can influence a life of a big population, or almost the whole population, because all pandemics would start with a patient zero. So the very patient that start the problem, and then you can observe how very often regarding to the decision of single humans, the virus can spread, or bacteria can spread. The misinformation could be an important problem then, because people can turn to look forward in the ineffective remedies, so that they are mislead and that they are receiving the guidance that something is going to help that actually is not going to help. That some of the remedies could be potentially harmful or danger, that they can overact, but also that they can underact. So all these issues would be due to the misinformation and would be due to lack of proper knowledge regarding the problems asked that COVID-19 pandemic is. And this seems to be a rather huge problem, because it seems that it is the research about the YouTube videos where 25 of them, and there were top videos about the COVID-19, they had some misleading information and there had been 62 million reviewers worldwide. So it shows how the lack of a proper information or the misinformation could be harmful and dangerous for the population, not exactly of one country, but internationally. The research about what the consequences of lack of a proper or false information are gives three areas that we have to be aware of. First one is that people that are under the influence of misinformation cannot want to vaccinate against COVID-19, that they will not recommend other to vaccinate. And what is especially important nowadays, they are not willing to comply or it decreased the willingness to comply with some guidance measures. So these are the three areas that what we find in the research would be important due to the misinformation that people are challenged with. And this is an example of misinformation on two levels, because first of all, I will show you what Donald Trump really said. But what is written here is close to his words, but there is not exactly Donald Trump willing people to drink Clorox. And it is always the question, is this kind of the meme only a kind of funny comment to his words? Or is it the information that people can use and can misunderstand? We are not going to go through the detailed description of what Donald Trump said on April 23. But it was rather his question, that recommendation, that people should use the substances like Clorox to deal with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. But as you can see, this is the USA Google trends that a few days after his talk about that issue, the questions about the use of disinfectants started to rapidly increase. And there were some risky behaviors of not very, it was the single cases. But it showed us how the misinformation can go around the world, go around one country. We don't have time to speak about that. But when we have an issue of medical populism, due to what politicians are doing, there are four areas. This is the simplification of pandemic, dramatization of the crisis. In contrary to the simplification, forging of divisions, we know it's also from our country. And what Trump did and what correlates with three-thirds dimensions is invocation of knowledge claims that has some political reasons. Who believes in fake news regarding the COVID-19 pandemic? All their citizens, people who are self-reported, they come from minorities. They have repeated exposure to fake news. The feeling of deprivation, lower trust in science and scientists, lower trust in journalists, lower trust in government, and conservatism in political beliefs. Well, we have some kind of a hopeful thinking that education can lead to the challenge the acceptance or believing in misinformation. But it is questionable. Even if it is a matter of life or death, as it is in the COVID-19 pandemic. So there is the idea of inoculation against fake news, like we have a medical inoculation. But there are some reasons why we can have doubt if it is really possible to do this kind of fake news inoculation in study about the agreement with aphorisms. And these aphorisms were having without the source attribution. It is quite high that people accept from a very different group or they agree with aphorism if they don't know who is the author of the aphorism. But when the author of the aphorism is someone they don't agree or they don't believe in, they don't really want. They don't really agree with the aphorism. And then their education has nothing to do this with that. And that these beliefs are quite often part of our social identity. And that the social identity, that we choose the leaders that express our aggression, not that the leaders who express aggressions have our submissive behaviors. So it was an old Chinese book about, and this is a sentence from this book, is the truth from facts. And the question is that if many thousand years later, we are in the sea of facts, not the truth. So in a situation of regression, we are looking for the miracle cures. We are looking for the gifted physicians. We even sometimes think about the physicians like almost gods or health workers like being as a god, someone very powerful because it could reduce our anxiety. But the question is what about the health care professionals and their beliefs in the false knowledge or false informations? This is an important issue due to the COVID-19 pandemic because we had been challenged with many informations that they were giving kind of opposite data. And that it had been a kind of a core traditional informations in the scientific journals. This is an example on March 14, French Health Minister Olivier Veran tweeted that talking anti-inflammatory drugs, for instance, ibuprofen could be risky for the patients having the COVID-19 infection. And in within 24 hours, over 43,000 people retweeted this advice. It was also an opinion from the World Health Organization, a leader, one of the leaders, Christian Liedemar, about that. In 24 hours, the authorities recognized that it seems to be not exactly true information, that it is based only at the single letter published online in the Lancet on March 11, not giving any research data, but rather the opinion of the authors about the reaction between ibuprofen and the increased expression of AC2 and facilitation of COVID-19 infection. And here you have the Google Waves in France, then in Poland, and probably being kind of a master in collecting or taking this data and changing this data into the graphic expression that we can create the wave, the Google Wave through all the world regarding the question, coronavirus ibuprofen, and we can see how this information can go all around the world. So a little bit about my department and the fake news issue that we deal with and the ways that we decided to challenge this problem, that at the beginning of the first wave of the pandemic, we were transferred into a COVID-19 unit for the psychiatric patients. And one of very important changes that we made into our functioning was that we started to have the team that was collecting, updating research-based knowledge and guidelines about the COVID-19. And important part of these reports is in Polish, because I'm not going to go to details with that. It is all kind of example of work of our colleagues, Dr. Marcin Siewek and Tim, that the important part of that reports were information about data that we can trust, the information that we can trust. And for us, it was something very important that there was someone who was a group of people who were searching, finding an exact sources, finding the information that we can rely on, and that it can reduce the level of our attention. So regarding, for instance, our fear that we are going to die and how risky is to work with the COVID-19 patients, we had nine reports that had been made on a weekly basis, changing also the information that had been in a prior reports, updating them and updating our knowledge. So what have you done to fight the first news? And I decided to end my presentation with my personal fight. And as you know, usually when we have the conference presentation about the drugs, it is the conflict of interest disclosure. And what I decided to do was to do the risk of misinformation disclosure in this presentation. And first of all, I'm not sure if on slide three information is taken from Pennycock paper or Rosenbeck paper. I miss it at the very beginning. And well, then I base off my memory, not double-check in the internet. Secondly, the information about the book of Chan was taken from Wikipedia. And the translation of the title of my presentation into English and Chinese was done by the Google translator. And what makes me a little bit afraid about that is that I haven't find a similar title in the internet. So it means that it is probably brilliant. And this is something that no one else think to do, or it is not very British English. So thank you very much.