 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my final Explore Education, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Assistant School of Girls to the College, University of Allahabad. And nowadays I am going, I am discussing the concept of guidance and counselling in which I have already discussed the types, techniques and approaches of counselling. This time I am going to discuss some of the tools for providing guidance in which this time I am going to discuss tools for measuring aptitude, achievement and interest. Okay, so let's start, this lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for all of you. It is quite obvious. So first of all, we are going to talk about your course or generally the guidance and counselling syllabus. Where does it come in? We have to provide guidance. If we want to give guidance to the students, then how will we know? First of all, what do you know? What does he think? How much power does he have? How capable is he? Then we will be able to give him educational and vocational guidance. So for that we have to do some test and administer. Generally in courses, intelligence, personality, creativity or aptitude or achievement or interest is asked. So in which intelligence, personality and creativity we have already talked about when we are studying psychology. In educational psychology, we have studied how to measure intelligence, how to measure personality and how to measure creativity. So I am not picking it up. I am taking what I have not discussed with you yet. So you will get a complete guidance to provide the necessary tools. Achievement, interest and aptitude. Share it here. Intelligence, personality, creativity. You know. So aptitude. So let's start with aptitude. The first thing is that in Hindi terms are different. But in English the name is aptitude or attitude. We get these and sometimes the students get confused about what it is. So the concept is what is aptitude and what is attitude. In Hindi the name is aptitude or aptitude. And aptitude is the age. So in Hindi it is clear that what is aptitude means. So what is aptitude? What is aptitude means that if we get proper environment provided, if we get proper training then we can do well in particular vocation. This is aptitude. This is one of your special qualities that you have. You have ability. If we give you motivation, training, environment, experience then you will do well. And what is aptitude? Now the age. If you look at it normally then you can see it. How do you think about that particular concept? This is aptitude. For example, it is a field. It is banking. So our aptitude is not good for it. No, that job is not good. There is a lot of work in it. It may be different from the manual. It may be difficult. So the attitude is wrong. So this or this attitude is good. So how is our view? So the attitude is the view. And aptitude is the strength. In Hindi it is the strength or strength. So aptitude, aptitude may be defined as a trait that characterizes an individual's ability to perform in a specific area or to acquire the learning necessary for performance in a given area. So this is the rule. It can be defined as a rule that the person's ability to perform in a specific area can perform well if he is given particular learning. If he is given that experience. So it presumes an inherent or natural ability. So it is naturally in you that you have an aptitude for a particular field. To be developed to its maximum through learning or other experiences. If you have the ability to provide more training for it then you can perform it well. An aptitude test is also an instrument used to determine and measure an individual's ability and skills to acquire through future training. So in the exam of aptitude we measure and determine that the person's ability to acquire skills can be improved in the future. So aptitude tests may potentially be used by counselors and others. Why is aptitude test used? What can it do? They may identify potential abilities of which the individual is not aware. We may not know that there is an aptitude for a particular field. So you can be aware of the test by counseling the individual who is a client. They may encourage the development of special and potential abilities of a given individual. That is to say, a particular field can be processed on the basis of aptitude test. They may provide information to assist an individual in making educational and career decisions. We will know which field is best for our aptitude. So you can tell us how you can choose which field. And they may serve as an aid in predicting the level of academic or vocational success an individual might anticipate a particular field. What should we take for academic, science, arts, commerce? Which vocation should we choose? We can predict from a futuristic point of view that if you take this, you will have aptitude for a particular field. And they may be useful in grouping individuals with similar aptitudes for development and other educational purposes. We can be aware that the aptitude of particular children is similar. So we can make a sample of them and use them for development and science. So this is the aptitude and aptitude test. What are the types? There are two types. There are aptitude tests may be classified into two groups. It can be divided into two categories. Multiple aptitude tests and specific aptitude tests. The name itself tells that the multiple aptitude test will be tested in many ways. And the specific aptitude test will be tested once in a time. Like multiple aptitude tests are those that intend to measure various areas of aptitude. There are many types of aptitude tests and independent sub-tests. There will be some sub-tests in one main test. Whereas the special aptitude test may be one specific aptitude like teaching, musical, etc. Whereas the special aptitude test will measure a specific field of aptitude. Like teaching aptitude. These are the entrance examinations of our B.Ed. These are the net examinations. These are the pressures of teaching aptitude. So that the person becomes a teacher, there is no aptitude for teaching. Special aptitude tests usually refer to those that seek to measure an individual's potential ability to perform or to acquire proficiency in a specific occupation or the type of activity. When we apply specific aptitude test we will get to know if there is any special occupation, job or vocation for you. Tests that measure special aptitude are sometimes called single aptitude tests. Sometimes they are called single aptitude tests because they measure only one aptitude. Counselors most frequently would standardize tests to measure a single aptitude in the areas of mechanical, clinical and artistic abilities. And the counselors generally use mental health tests to measure a particular aptitude. Then there may be vocational aptitude batteries. There are many tests called battery. For example, Bhatia Battery is very famous. Why Bhatia Battery is its name? Because there are many sub-tests. So you can understand what battery means in tests. I read this definition in 8th-9th class. But till today, it is the same. Cell's best aptitude test is called battery. So you can understand that the test made by many tests will be called battery. So multiple aptitude tests typically consist of a series of sub-tests that relate in varying combinations to a series of occupations or occupationally related activities. So there may be many in this such as general aptitude test battery, differential aptitude battery, the Flanagan aptitude classification test. So you have to know its name. Then there is a scholastic aptitude test which is called scholastic sample. If a person can excel in one's potential for performing in an academic situation, then aptitude tests are used to predict the future performance of students. We applied aptitude test to the student. We found out that there is a clerical aptitude or musical or academic. So we will give educational guidance to the student to work in that field. So we can make a futuristic plan from aptitude. Why? Because this is the definition that you have the chance if you are given training, you will do well in it. Okay? This is the meaning of it. Then achievement test. Achievement tests are administered to students to measure their learning outcome. Achievement test is called Uplabdi Parikshan. So Uplabdi Parikshan is generally in the school condition, in the school colleges, the teacher who takes the test of the student is called achievement test. So the main theme is what the student has learnt. We want to measure his learning outcome. These tests show what has been learned by the student. What the student has learnt rather than to predict future performances. We are not telling anything about future performances. We are telling that the course that you have covered, how much you have learnt. As in the case of aptitude. In school subjects, all unit, semester and terminal examination tests are nothing but achievement tests. That is, as in the case of Uplabdi Parikshan, we have to do all the tests. These tests focus on skills or abilities that are traditionally taught in the schools. Therefore, achievement tests may be defined as tools designed to measure the degree of student learning in specific curriculum areas common to most schools such as mathematics, English uses. Okay? So, we have done the teacher made test and standardized achievement test. That is, we said in the class that we have to take a surprise test. So, the teacher made test. And we have done the Uplabdi Parikshan. In which there will be norms, age norms, grade norms. You can tell from peer groups that how the student has performed. So, achievement tests are used as learning measures of what we will measure in the Uplabdi Parikshan. Comparison with others and with the achievement of self in other areas. Or you can tell from other things how you are doing. Or you can tell from other students. Level of learning in sub-areas. Strengths and weaknesses in a subject matter area. You will get to know in which you are doing good and bad. So, diagnostic test also comes in. So, this is all about achievement tests. Then, the types. There are general achievement tests and specific achievement tests. These are the general educational achievement of the students at different stages. Which includes the common subject areas taught at the school in a particular class. Generally, that is not happening in all the subjects you have done. And when it comes to special, selected areas will be selected. We will choose to do achievement tests in this area. These are two types. Diagnostic test and the standardized summative achievement test. So, we have to diagnose. There is terminology of teaching learning. So, what is done in diagnostics? In diagnostics, we check the areas where students show weakness. They are used to determine the areas of difficulties of the students. So, we get to know where the child is worried. And for that, we provide remedy. That is, we increase it. And the standardized summative achievement test. So, we will be able to tell about it in the second class. So, we will be able to tell about it in the second class. There are many types of it. So, we have to go into all the details. We just need to know the name of the achievement test. For example, California achievement test. We call it CAT, CAT. Metropolitan achievement test, MAD. Similarly, comprehensive test of basic skills, sequential test of educational progress. So, some Indian students have done it. For example, CIE, Hindi class 7, mother tongue test in Hindi, BK Shivastava achievement test, social science archivision. So, this is the achievement test. What is the need for achievement test? What did the child learn? What is the learning outcome? What are the limitations? Scores in the achievement test may not be the exact measure of achievement in the concerned field as the assessment is done in a subjective way. The long answer can be subjectivity. Who has made such a question? Who does marking? Who does strict marking? Who does general marking? So, these things make it weak. It is not necessary that the child has performed well. So, the learning is less. Then, how did the standard of teaching be taught to the students? Whether it was completed or not? If you ask without completing, the student will perform poorly. The testing condition was being tested in the evening. Prior information to the students, did you tell the students whether they are going to take the test? The general student will read it only when he tells them. Then, how much practice of the student is given to test? These all affect the student's development. So, these are all its limits. Now, we are taking interest. Now, we are taking interest. Now, there is a time. Now, there is a age. Now, there is a interest. Now, what is interest? What is the need of interest? Interest is a behavior orientation. It is an orientation of our business of which things we are interested in, in which tasks, in which concepts we are interested in. It is an expression of our likes and dislikes. We do not like someone, we are attracted to someone, we do not feel like doing it. So, interests are related to general abilities, special aptitudes and values in various ways. So, this is connected to our youth, our special powers and it is also connected to our principles. Linguistic and scientific interests are positively correlated with intelligence. If you are more intelligent then you will be interested in linguistic and scientific concepts. So, we do not have to have any interest. How can we have interest? For example, you can observe your student and your child. What is the interest in it? Or the claims of the councillor. The councillor himself tells you that he is interested in this area. Or the use of instrument. We can also find out from the instrument like the Michigan Vocabulary Test. What happens is that if you are interested in a particular area, you will know the most about that area. Then the use of inventories. Interest is not the most important in the inventory. That is why the interest in the inventory is said together. So, what is the inventory? We may determine the pattern of an individual's interest from his or her responses of occupations and activities. That is to say, we can know about a person's interest in such a way that we can see his response. What kind of occupation or activity is he giving? This is also made like a questionnaire. So, what we do is that inventories have been mostly used for measuring personality traits, interests, values and adjustment. What can you do with the inventory? What can you do with a person? What can you learn about his interest? What kind of emotion we have for the person? So, interest in the inventory is provided information about the students' preferences which are more stable than the verbally claimed interest. So, we have said verbally that we should be interested in this. We are saying that we should be interested in this. So, more than that, you can say that the inventory is reliable. So, what we do in this? We do it by saying that the third option is given and you do not have to choose which one you will choose. So, you have to give preference to that. We have given you three occupations. So, tell us what is the most and what is the least among them? So, this is how it is known that the person is interested in this. So, the Cooder Interest Inventory is most famous. There are many types like Cooder Vocational Preference Record, Cooder General Interest Survey, Cooder Occupational Interest Inventory. Apart from that, there is also Strong Vocational Interest Blank, SVIB, which is also very popular to know what is the interest for this business and what is the assumption that a person who has interest patterns is typical of successful people who in a given occupation will enjoy and find successful satisfaction in that occupation. So, let us check that the successful people of any particular business and their interest patterns if you get your interest pattern then you will do well in this particular field. So, in Cooder Interest Inventory, there is a forced choice tried i.e. from three options you have to choose one, two, three. What are the advantages and limitations of this? That it is well adapted, it is good a counselor knows it is good, it is a little reliable from the inventory and the counselor also knows that it is economical and you can perform it in a group and you get preliminary information for a group. If you are not able to understand then you are not able to respond properly or you can apply this test with a mature person or with small children and you should not over emphasize this test. The submission of Ruchi is made with yoga, education and resources. So, we cannot tell by applying Ruchi's test that what occupation of a person will have to go along with it we will have to achieve aptitude then you can give the right information. In this way for guidance which tools will be needed I have covered this for you because of interest, personality, creativity you know aptitude, achievement and interest I have told you so you have come to know how you can give sexual and sexual orientation to students with these tests. Okay, so in this way I have covered this very much topic too Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education I have done from my side