 Syphilis has been reemerging as a major public health concern in Brazil and globally, particularly among men who have sex with men, MSM, and transgender women, TRTGW. A recent study examined the prevalence of syphilis among MSM and TRTGW adolescents in Brazil, finding that it was significantly higher than expected for their age group. The study also found that those who reported having had an STI in the past year were more likely to be infected with syphilis, as well as those who identified as sex workers and those with less than 11 years of education. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to reduce syphilis transmission among MSM and TRTGW adolescents, including increased access to testing and treatment services, as well as educational campaigns aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination against LGBTQ plus individuals. This article was authored by Mateus Rodriguez-Weston, Yupio-Franmil Martinez, Ana Paula Silva, and others.