 efficiency center coordinate the research on buildings So I don't want to take a lot of time from our great panel You came to see them not me So we have three stories of three specific buildings from three different owners James Mackenzie from Swinerton then Swinerton builders Craig Naiman from Packard Foundation and then Stevens Sonets are from NASA Ames So they will be our first three speakers and then Steve Selkowitz from LB and L will wrap up the liberations from our Panelists with a bit of a broader perspective, but I've asked all of the speakers as much as possible to reflect on the best building that they know of and have experience with in their own portfolio and Then extrapolate to market and broader considerations from that experience Because personally I Sometimes stuck a little bit with this term zero for some people. It's exciting for others. It's downer So that's one of the things I'm interested to figure out today From the panelists, you know, how practical is net zero really? How desirable is it really? Is it truly the right goal for us to have how close are we to get in there? What have organizations done to get there? What are they planning to do? Those are some of the questions that I have in my mind that I hope we can get some answers to from the panelists So with that I want to turn it over to James McKenzie from Swinerton building So Swinerton builders who will share the story of their San Diego office with us and then Brought them from there. Thanks James Thank you, Martin's great to be back on campus actually before I joined Swinerton I worked here at Stanford on the operations side managing capital projects So and I've known Martin for a number of years. So it's great to see him. So James McKenzie director of center for excellence So let's just jump right in Assuming our slides will oops There we go As we continue rebuilding from the Great Recession to proverbial question is how are you doing? Did you survive? The big difference in this post-great recession world is not is that the question is not about you your family your company your country But your network your community. So what's going on? In this new world we're starting to exit our silos becoming an integrated network society Neuroscience teaches us that when we're part of our network our brains work and feel better our Connected world now understands the impact of the built environment and how it contributes a very large proportion of Energy consumption and the production of carbon dioxide. We are now at the point and I you know Steven she made this clear it we have sort of have I called it an ethical he calls it a moral responsibility to solve this global problem As an organization sooner than it's been answering the calls sustainability for over four decades, but our business model Also puts us in the position of being owners and from time to time we actually buy our own offices and build them out So we find ourselves being in this unique position of being the owner and the operator and the builder and designer Hmm the convergence of new technologies processes and human awareness of pioneering a new era in commercial Sustainability and with that is the introduction of net the net zero concept We achieve that on this project. We achieve net zero through a combination sophisticated project delivery technology and human collaboration and It was quite a journey every project has its own Characteristics problems and issues with truly this one was sort of epic at least for our organization Every journey has a starting point the product this starting point is that we had a business need for a new San Diego office an initial search Opportunity came up to actually buy an existing building and some surrounding land And when we did the analysis it actually was more cost-effective for us to buy and renovate this building rather than going out Leasing someone else's property and building it out So this story has several plots to it first of all collaboration that collaboration and integration a Multit and I mean multi-disciplinary integration. This project would have never been able to hit net zero our ability and our expertise in solar power design Was another subplot that made this happen? Adoptive reuse of existing buildings codes and regulations California is destined for net or net zero by 2030 for new commercial applications It's better for us as practitioners to be ahead of the curve and Of course our cultural commitment to sustainability So planning this is where the game is won or lost historically Project success has always been won and lost in the planning stage What made a difference for us here is that we were guided by our business drivers, which was set by our executive leadership Hmm. So our first strategy was to choose where we're gonna put our emphasis in is it gonna be in the exterior of the building or the interior we chose We did do some Enhancements to the front, but we decided at the end of the day it was better to put our money into the interior Because that's where we're frankly where we do all our work Our second strategy or kind of game-changing design Consideration was our HVAC system, you know when you look at the building. It's basically a Plain box it would have been very the first impression is to put in a rooftop package air system and call it a day But we did some extensive analysis and determined that a central plant Featuring a central chiller and boiler a four pipe Hydronic system actually had the payback that made sense over the long term use of the building So design this is sort of another where this was sort of a game-changer for us You're working with the design team You know a lot of our senior executives didn't grow up in the era of CAD or even building information modeling So they grew up in the area of blueprints But the things designs now are so complex and so intricate that you need sort of a new technologies We use 3d modeling to allow them allows to communicate this new visual communication method that actually Allowed senior-level people to make quick decisions and understand the project So the design definitely reflected our desire for a fresh progressive and modern space So since Construction was done using design build method. It was a seamless transition going in from Design and construction you know when you're in design build sometimes you don't know when the design Ends into the construction starts and vice versa. So it was a very fluid process, but it was very seamless Of course being able to do self-performing work since we are builders We actually have some wrong crews that perform some of the work in terms of wall partition Carpentry and such it also meant that we were heavily involved in the design and getting the details down to a science The details that not only made it easy to install but also gave long-term Performance which reduces our operating costs and maintenance cost So here's where it's a little difference when you have to pay the bills and you're the owner of the building and you're also paying the Bills for the payroll your perspective is radically different. So that was our perspective on this project So but our efforts and planning design were for truly from the viewpoint of an owner So when you look at the overall design features, it was designed to track younger smarter employees We all know now that if you look at your typical millennials They're into the green as a factor green is a factor where they want to go to college green is a factor where they want to Go to school design matterstone. They want that coolness. They all grew up in the the Apple iPad and iPod and Did I lose one pod out? They grew up in the eye world. So coolness is important to them, you know Swintern it is not a we're not McDonald's. We don't have this sort of corporate Worldwide look and feel it's very branded locally because we're living in those communities our employees live in that area They stay there. They don't we don't move them around all over the United States So the local brand was important, you know, we needed a lot of public versus private space You know, it's great to have open collaboration space but sometimes you just have these delicate conversations that require privacy so we needed that aspect and You know, we needed some event space not only for our own people We want to host a lot of different outside organizations to have conferences So this space a lot of so have indoor outdoor conference space And if you look at that area where our offices is kind of this classic Mesa Verde almost sort of like a southwestern look and feel to it That was reflected in design. Of course having 18 foot high ceilings is very striking architecturally But that also presents challenges in as far as energy usage so Get into specifics we we have this branded entrance that it's the most obvious feature It rises above the existing parapet You know to provide sort of a focal point to enter the building Here's where really we're make dramatic differences. We use a lot of natural light This is an existing concrete tilt up So we punched a lot of holes into the side of the concrete to lend the natural lighting During the daytime, there's actually enough Natural light provider for the majority of office spaces allow nearly 50% of the artificial lighting to be turned off And keep in mind that Natural light is just much more pleasant light, you know, the color temperature. It just puts you in a great mood You know, we call that sunny disposition. Well, that's important So an artificial lighting we consider less is more we took a multi-pronged collaborative approach That was needed to find a comprehensive lighting plan that was both functional and also saved as much as considerable amount of energy As I mentioned getting HVAC off the roof opened up new opportunities for us It allows to put a complete solar array panel on the roof It also allowed us to install GPS tracking skylights We use a lot of recycled Materials all over the place, you know, our heritage was in construction and carpentry So this it was sort of a theme but there was a lot of opportunity to take recycled woods Not only for wall decoration. I think our front entrance desk had it Also our conference room tables used recycled wood. They're actually Designed by artists and they end up being quite quite beautiful Here's an example of what I'm talking about. So the perimeter office is by punching holes in the exterior bringing a natural light We put glazing on the interior of the conference to allow that light to spill out into the open office area So here's where the game-changing event occurred Was our ability to put in a complete solar array on the rooftop 75 kilowatt Swearing does have a background we have a whole a complete renewable energy group So it allowed us to completely design fabricated and install this this on the roof So it's and that's really where the game-changing event our knowledge of that allowed us to do so We can confidently predict how much it was going to cost to design and build and install and monitor and maintain the system So sort of an added feature we Couple years ago, we developed a software called solve which allows The monitoring of solar panels on behalf of our clients you can monitor an entire solar power plant Remotely because we were finding that we were sending maintenance people out for problems that weren't really a serious problem This allows for remote Monitoring that's our clients are now realizing that it's a great sort of value add We actually sell the software to solar power plants that we didn't design and build so it's sort of opened up a whole new market for us So that was sort of another piece that we had in our toolbox that really kind of pushed us over the edge to get to net zero Sort of kind of making the story a little bit better is that you know in California? Electric vehicles really expected to increase so we wanted to be part of part of that So we put in a charging station. So we also use GPS tracks skylights. It's a new technology but he uses mirrors and a tracking motor to optimize the amount of Sun coming in and also reduces heat during peak times So the flooring was a big part of it usually you don't put a lot of that thought into flooring But really way finding is an issue in a lot of places, especially sort of newer places that don't have these classic 90 degree turns So that that was a big feature for us and we put a lot of effort in it But once again, there was a collaboration between the designer the installation and the carpet manufacturer so flexible work stations were a big part allows that collaboration and In summary, what did we learn well? We learned that our clients business drivers are critical high performance buildings can only be achieved through integration and collaboration and Advanced visualization is critical to so I have that common communication tool and you know what some of the outcomes Well, the building has become a model for adaptive reuse. We now have improved employee satisfaction and recruiting and we were seeking lead platinum so and To finish with Sustainable design can be beautiful. They're not, you know oxymoron so they there definitely could be a connection to them So with that I thank you Thank you, Craig. Well, I mean James while Craig Neiman from a pack of foundation is setting up So have you measured the energy performance and where you guys at? well, yeah, you know first The salt mark the software that we that I mentioned helps us monitor it in real time It actually gets down to the level they can in division monitor each individual solar panel So we have it to that level of detail and what about in the building in terms of the the loads from the building? How much of that are you able to offset and? Yeah, we are able to offset 100% of our energy usage using photo photo You know, we're still connected to the grid obviously for nighttime and and And selling back to the the utility company Thanks, we'll we'll go through all the presentations and then we'll have time for Q&A So I I'm sure you're all familiar with the cliche of think globally act locally. So now from the kind of Interstellar rhetoric of Carl Sagan to going a little bit closer to earth and one small structure And it's the story of that structure that I want to share with you today I'm Craig Neyman. I'm the CFO of the Packard Foundation. The Packard Foundation is a grant maker funding not for profits throughout the throughout the world We started in 1964 with four major grand areas. One of those grand areas was in conservation and while Words like sustainability and net zero weren't in the vernacular back then We were still giving to environmental issues even then and still due to this day. And so in the in that spirit When it came time to expand our resources Facilities and build a new building. We had to tackle the question of what does it mean to be build a green building? What would that look like? So we look focused on two major measures one was lead platinum certification And the second was net zero energy to find that As within the course of a 12 month period all your PG and e-bills struck strung together would indicate that you generated More than the amount of energy that you've actually utilized now from a lead platinum perspective We're aware that there's probably about 70 to even a hundred buildings in the state of California alone that have achieved Leave platinum. So you're in fairly good company there. We got we got our 94 lead certified points and We're set to go on the net zero side. However, it's a little more challenging terrain the new building Institute In a March 2012 study indicated that there was as few as 21 buildings with credibly modeled. That's their terms net zero results in in the entire country and Of those 21 Our research indicated that there's a as few as to that are actually certified as net zero though That number could be growing one an ideas building right here in San Jose and another is a community center outside of Salem Salem, Oregon, so there's very few that I've been certified the certifier It's not a big business international living Futures Institute Is it was ones that are performing that service? so our objective was We got to build This net zero oh and another feature that I want to point out was of the 21 buildings Only two of them were in excess of 15,000 square feet So most of the net zero that has been done thus far is on a much significantly smaller scale So the scale the building that we're talking about here for our headquarters office is 50,000 square feet It's in two predominant wings with connectors in between allowing for a very pleasant courtyard in the center It has capacity for 124 persons. That's about 400 square feet of office space to get the the Productive power on the net zero Objective we installed some 915 solar panels 405 on each of those two wings It generates as expected less 300 kilowatts of Generating capacity and it's expected to generate between 250 to 300 megawatt hours of electricity per year took us Less than two million dollars for costs of planning design and purchase of the solar panels and installation And we expect the payback period to be about 10 years or so So we're we're going to generate 250 to 300 megawatt hours of electricity a year The challenge is in the 50,000 square foot foot building Conventionally built the utilization of energy might be somewhere in the neighborhood of 600 to 800 megawatt hours So while we can generate to 250 to 300 we had to reduce by some two-thirds from a typical office building our Energy use and there's you know as most of you are I'm sure aware There's three major areas of a building's energy use typically about 40% in HVAC Another 30% and plug load another 30% in lighting So we had to take each of those three areas and try to reduce our energy utilization by as much as two-thirds The first strategy that we did was to we're working with integral systems engineering we put together Chilled beam construction which serves as our heating and cooling now chilled beam are very predominant in Europe But very very much less so here the basic concept is throughout the building You have a small little piece of ductwork. It's about a quarter of size of typical ductwork and well beneath it you have two beams a beam of chilled water and a beam of heated water and basically you float air through the ductwork it comes and Sprays out over the chilled beam to actually give you some some cooling That allowed us to take advantage of some of the natural cycles here in the Silicon Valley area So for example and that we have a large diurnal temperature range In the summers in Palo Alto where you can get as 80 85 during the day 50 55 at night What we actually do is we have a compressor for each hill or that sits aside our building It allows us the cool of the water during the during the night Store it in to 25,000 gallon storage tanks underneath our main conference room during the day Then pump it throughout the building to allow this chilled beam construction to Cool the building with significantly less energy than a typical system We have a hundred percent naturally vented air This slide is intending to depict the operable windows that we have in all of our offices the Reduced ductwork in a chilled beam construction allows that we only have three main air handlers in the entire building and With those three air handlers, but we it's about a quarter of what we expect in a conventionally operated building So a lot less energy expended You can see here There's kind of a California lifestyle that we tried to put into the office environment Something Dave Packard was pretty fond of himself You can see here. There's large sliders glass windows that open up in our connector is allowing a significant amount of airflow when the temperatures are such that allow us to do so and Perhaps a little less obvious in the ceilings. You see what appears to be a little lamps Those aren't lamps is actually a manifestation of our chilled beam in open area So we have all these Operable windows and operable doors the question is well How do you get staff to know what to do when to open and close your windows? So we have on the on the left is a little indicator in our connector areas If you probably can't read that but the yellowish bar says outdoor conditions are suitable for opening windows The challenge we found was this little Feature was only in our connector area So if you sat at your desk all day answering emails like myself, you didn't actually see it's time to open windows So we actually engineered a little pop-up icon that's depicted on the right that shows up and on everyone's computer screen I said you can open your windows now, or it's more efficient to do so what we're trying to do here I mean right now we have this moral expectation if you dirty a dish in the lunchroom You're supposed to take that and put it in the dishwasher similarly the idea is to participate with the building when this pop-up icon shows Your your behavior is expected now to open or close the window so far We're getting a lot of participation much greater participation than on putting your dirty dishes away Some of the increased efficiency in the design come from our basement so this is low pressure drop design pipes So instead of being a typical 90 degree angle that you'd see in most basements It's like a hundred thirty degree angle big slopes the diameter of the piping is significantly larger Meaning you need less pressure to push the fluids through the pipes And there's variable speed pumping as opposed to non variable I guess or on off a pumping all that saves a significant amount of energy Another helpful factor is the thermal envelope that we actually created So here's a depiction trying to get at one aspect of that thermal envelope Which is very important in this well-lit building is are the windows themselves so you can all you can't really make it out But these are inch-and-a-half argon gas filled triple element windows triple element two panes of glass And then there's a reflective barrier that suspended in between that actually pushes out Thermal gains for the energy Let's see you're running through here. Here's I'm running out of time So here's external blinds that protect protect us against for the thermal game Thermal gain they're deployed in accord with a solar calendar. So we don't really have to worry too much about that oops Here is another Aesthetically pleasing way to reduce thermal gain One area of our roof not color covered by solar panels is covered by this living roof In terms of lighting reductions. Here's one light neighborhood that we have We have narrow 40 foot footprint that maximizes natural daylighting and then Second-story and first-story windows allow a tremendous amount of light to come in There's a light shelf there actually doubles as a heating element because there's actually copper tubing closer to windows to Increase the comfort of those occupants near the windows At the time we built the building LEDs weren't up to the task. So these are fluorescent lights T8s that Detect the amount of lumens in the room and allow the sufficient amount of lighting in accord with what natural light provides Significant amount of plug-low reductions from occupancy sensors that we have for video display screens We do have LED task lighting On the desk and whatnot another shot of our courtyard area. I'll just wrap up by saying I think the idea here is You know We're hopefully going to achieve our net zero status upon the year our occupancy mark Which is coming up in the middle of July But the real magic here is not our achievement of it But if others out there like many of you can replicate this technology elsewhere, I think there's a significant amount of Momentum we can achieve on our small blue speck of earth Thank you, Craig and Thanks for sharing some of those specific measures you did very helpful, so third case study we have from Steven Sonets or from NASA Ames Good morning everybody still morning You know NASA contributed the picture of the pale blue dot It's the first picture of planet Earth taken off the planet They gave us the kind of perspective that We heard Steven shoe talk about before so We had an opportunity at NASA Ames a few years ago to build the first new building that we've built on our campus in 25 years So we have a much older infrastructure Buildings that go back to the 1940s in some cases last building we built was in the late 60s So this was an opportunity to do something special I Wasn't involved in the project in the beginning But I went to the 30% design review of the new building that we were going to build And I looked at a building that could have been built in 1990. It was a very uninteresting building a building that did not embrace sustainability and energy efficiency and I just stood up at this meeting and called time out and I said no we are not going to build that building We're going to build a building That should be built in the 21st century in the heart of Silicon Valley by NASA And we're going to make a statement and the building that we decided to build at the time was we had a lot of intentions for this building The we intended this building to be one of the highest performing buildings in the federal government We intended it to be a lead platinum building and we intended it to embrace And embody and incorporate NASA technology that has been used and tested and developed for aerospace applications and bring those technologies back to a building on Planet Earth, so that's what we've done and I'll tell you in the eight or nine minutes I have left. I'll tell you the story of that building as quickly as I can So we call it sustainability base and we gave it that name to honor the astronauts the Apollo astronauts that landed at Tranquility base and when we gave it the name it was the 40th anniversary of that Apollo 11 landing So in honor of them, we thought we'd call it sustainability base here back on planet Earth It's a 50,000 square foot building It's an office building primarily no server rooms and no wet labs about 220 occupants And it is lead platinum certified. We got our lead platinum certification last April in 2012 You can see some of the design features of the building It's got an exoskeleton. I won't go into all the reasons and benefits of the choice for that But it actually affords us a great many cost-free benefits It's got a very narrow Footplate 52 foot foot plate We want to bring it as much natural light as possible. You'll hear a lot of the same themes across all of these These high-performance buildings today So the architect was William McDonough and partners you probably have heard of William McDonough He really did a great job for us AECOM was the architect of record and Swinerton actually built the building. They were the general contractor So we had a great experience with Sun with Swinerton See in the audience here. So it was a it was a great project. I really enjoyed working on it I'm a neurobiologist. I know nothing about building buildings, but I sure learned a hell of a lot It's a beautiful building. We're very proud of it You can see the vast array of photovoltaics on the roof. We'll talk a little bit more about that It's a it's a very it's a very pretty building and the occupants actually love it So again, we had a lot of objectives and intentions from the very beginning We wanted to reduce the impact on the environment We wanted to minimize energy and energy use our goal from the very beginning was to Create a building that was such hot with that was so high in performance that we could get to about 1.1 watts per square foot of energy consumption and we're I'll tell you a little bit about where we are with respect to that goal We're getting close to it right now, and we haven't yet optimized the building We also had another objective of minimizing potable water Use our goal was to reduce potable water use in the building by 90% compared to what a conventional building of equivalent size Would use and we're very close to that goal And also we wanted to create an an evolving sustainability Research test bed. We wanted to use this as a living laboratory, and we are doing that And the last goal which we are also doing as I mentioned before was bringing Unique NASA technologies back to a building on planet Earth for the benefit of the people of planet Earth And we're doing that So some of the features of the building I'll bring in a lot of natural lighting and outdoor views again We've heard that from other speakers bring in a lot of fresh air Operable windows and floor events a lot of workplace flexibility you can see some of the workspaces here The top picture shows you on the second floor down the central spine of each wing of the building We have skylights that bring in tremendous amount of natural light We've done we did a lot of modeling and simulation prior to and as we evolved the design of this building The modeling and simulation informed us on many design decisions With our lighting decisions the modeling the models that we did Predict that we will have to turn on the overhead lights in the building the equivalent of 40 days per year Now I don't know if we're going to achieve that that objective or not We're still collecting data on that the building has really been occupied for only a year So we're still working through that and we are collecting the data But these are all the lights are on our automated lights Lutron light lighting system with light sensors that are controllable in terms of their intensity of output We have mecha shades that are computer controlled that do sunsensing and detect glare on the outside of the building that Lower and raise as a function of the angle of the Sun and the direction of the Sun is Impinging on the building. So all of these features Worked in our design to work together and if we have a chance in discussion later I'll talk a little bit more about some of the problems there Architecture you'll see some of the features you see the operable upper-tier windows You see the from the roof. You can see this is before the photovoltaics were installed. You can see the skylights there a Lot of passive shading was designed to be part of the exoskeleton of the building to make sure we could let in as much Natural light as possible but minimize glare and heat gain In certain regions of the building relative to the angle of the Sun Electrical so we have as you can see 432 panels of high performance photovoltaics on the roof about 30% of the annual building energy demand is provided by these photovoltaics and We actually leased these through PG&E on a 20-year lease so it wasn't part of the actual building construction cost What I I want to I want to say that Our goal here is to was to create a building site That produced more energy than it consumed now the strict the strict definition of a net zero energy building is Is not being met by this building? so And that's something we can talk about is just how do we define these things so our building is connected to the grid and Receives all of its power from our local grid at NASA Ames We put all of the energy that we generate on site back into our grid So the photovoltaics are putting all of their power output back into our local grid and we have a second energy producing element on the building site, which is a solid oxide fuel cell which is Manufactured by bloom energy Which is their first installation on planet earth of their second generation fuel cell now? Just one word about this the the fuel cell itself and the technology that was developed here to Produce these bloom boxes actually was a spin-out of NASA technology the K. R. Sidhar who's a CEO of bloom energy used to work for NASA and he developed this technology for a Mars Rover back In the late 90s that mission was canceled never flew And he just got fed up with NASA Understandably and took his technology and created bloom energy So part of our intention remember was to bring NASA technology back to this building So we thought it was fitting to bring bloom energy back to the to the site so This is a this system normally was supposed to produce 200 kilowatts Constant output it's producing a little less than that But nonetheless, it's it's the combination of the power produced by the bloom energy Fuel cells and the photovoltaics is actually producing about twice as much energy right now That then the building consumes It's a completely hydronic building with one exception. There's one room that it actually has us an HVAC system I can explain that but the rest of the building is all hydronic we put in a geothermal well field and a closed-loop system right near the building and We use 57 degree constant temperature water cooled by mother earth And pump it through these copper tubes that you can see Oh, I don't know that guess there isn't a picture of that here But that in this the center panel on the bottom are there are Chill panels there on the ceilings throughout the building the backside of those chill panels There's a just a labyrinth of copper tubes through which this 57 degree water flows on hot days cooling the air Around it to that cooler air is denser than warm air and it that cool air simply floats down passively on the occupants below No fans No filters no freon Fairly low energy compared to an HVAC system to operate The occupants of the building have been very comfortable. There have been no complaints about thermal management in the building Either summer or winter and we've we've got one year's worth of experience now behind our belts We have a solar thermal system on the roof that heats hot hot water That we can use for radiated radiant heat during the winter when we need it and we have In the main lobby of the building you can see we have a Hydronic system as well and under the floor I mentioned we wanted to bring NASA technology back into the building. This is one of those technologies. This is a Water purification system that currently is being developed by our scientists and engineers at NASA Ames That currently is used on the International Space Station to purify all of the water gray water and black water For the six astronauts on the International Station space station We took a Updated upgraded and larger version of this system and put it at sustainability base and we're using it to Recycle reclaim and reuse all of the gray water in the building not the black water because we don't have to but the gray water So all the hygiene water in the building is through a separate plumbing system is recaptured and cleaned up by this Water purification system sent back into the building and used for toilet and urinal flushing So we do not have to waste potable water for that purpose also all of our irrigation is with reclaimed water from on-site and the combination of those things plus very efficient Plumbing fixtures inside the building is putting us very close to that 90% Figure that we were trying to achieve with respect to the reduction in the total potable water use Mention the landscaping Here's the second NASA technology that we're embedding in the building and this is a work in progress right now We're building our own internal control system For the building This will be an intelligent adaptive control system that will take sensor data from a distributed network of sensors throughout the building including the occupants of the building incorporate those data in with data mining algorithms that go out and Capture the weather forecast from the web for example Capture the building occupants schedule so they know when a conference room is going to be used by 50 people that knows what the temperature is supposed to be outside at that particular time and Adjusts and and operates the building accordingly. So this is a system that's designed to learn from its own performance And improve its performance over time So when we put in all of these software modules exist We've flown all of these different modules is about five different software modules that are have been flown in for aerospace applications That we're combining in a unique way and and demonstrating in this building. We expect this system will be finished in about a year or so It will ride on top of the current operating system control system for the building, which is an off-the-shelf seaman system So we're looking forward to learning a lot as we do this Our goal here is like in ten years that you could go to Home Depot and you could buy one of these water Purification systems for your house or you could buy a system like this and have your electrician install it In your house to control your house to save water in your house This could be both for retrofits or for new construction. So that's our goal We want to bring those technologies back to the people of planet Earth since you paid for it in the first place We pay for it in the first place We've won a number of awards. I won't go through any of these but you can just see that we've had a lot of recognition for the building and so We're very proud of it. We're learning a lot from it. We invite partnerships we want to do partnerships with with companies that have new technologies that can increase our energy efficiency and We use sustainability base as a platform that they can learn about their product We can learn about their product and test it objectively in a living laboratory. So that's our story on sustainability base. Thank you Thank You Steven So you have seen quite a few parallel themes in strategies used in these different buildings So think about questions you want to ask them in terms of Well, what's next? What didn't work? We heard a lot of things that seemed to work But I'll leave that up to you, but start to think about the questions Before that Steven Selkowitz from LBNL will give us a bit of a broader perspective on the concept of net zero energy buildings Thanks. Pleasure to be here. So I'm going to start a little bit more from the applied research side and it's great to see more and more examples of these kinds of buildings coming along We've been involved in working with the people that supply the technology for them that supply the tools for them and Ultimately also monitoring and measuring what goes on and there's a kind of a good news bad news story here The good news is that there are some innovators out there that you've seen this morning doing some good work In general, this is a harder challenge and I think some people think it is and that's going to be part of my Message this morning. So I just want to put this in context the issue of do we do we need net zero buildings? This is a plot of energy use over time from 50s to the mid 70s And then it the blue line. This is let's see do I have a Yeah, the blue line is total energy use what people are talking about now or goals California goals national goals that go down 2050 even 80% out to the 20 20 30 25 time range If you're going to achieve these kinds of goals, then you have to be perfect then buildings have to be performing at the level of net zero Approximately if your goal was to keep this going at a slower rate save 10 20% There's lots of simple things you could do but since buildings are 40% of all energy use There's 71% 72% of all the the electricity use you've got to do something Dramatic in buildings if you're going to make this kind of a change So the vision is net zero and but by net zero we could spend a full session talking about it means For for me It means driving the intrinsic use of the building down 60 to 80% from what it would normally be and then providing the rest With onsite renewables now It's a dirty little secret that you really can't get and if you talk about buildings being net zero on their footprint You simply can't do it for a good part of the nation's building stock any building more than about five or ten stories Any building in an urban area a building with a data center restaurants hospitals You're never going to get those net zero by the definition on the site But the definition isn't sacrosanct. You could put PV on the parking lot You could put the PV on the building next door You could have bloom cells with methane that comes from some other source So I think it's actually a mistake to get caught up in the details of the definition and think more about where we're going so my my main point here is that I Circulate in lots of different worlds and part of that world. It's let's just go do it That's the dream part here and the part on the bottom is the reality of actually making it work takes hard work It takes innovation it takes leaders and you've seen a few of them here this morning to try it There's an expression out there that if it exists, it must be possible So the fact that there's several hundred examples of these buildings is great It means we can do it the fact is there are five million Commercial buildings and the fact that we've got several hundred of them built means we have an awful long way to go So if I were to spend an hour with you I'd walk through this long list of things that I think are our parts of what I'm calling the grand challenge for buildings And I'm gonna have a slide or two on a couple of them on life cycle on measuring performance on integrated smart systems You just heard about the relation to the grid people and technology and policy And and I don't know what Stanford will do But I'm perfectly happy to make all these slides available later because we're not gonna go through them in great detail So this is my my theme from before that if our goal is simply to improve buildings by five or 20 percent five 20 percent there's lots of simple things we can do we don't need R&D We we don't need complex sort of systems in place But if we're gonna get 50% plus or minus then we then we need to go to Integrated building systems and again you saw Three examples every one of the last case studies here talked about integration as a major theme So that's gonna be critically important and from a different type of integration. There's no silver bullet here There's not a magic light bulb. There's not a magic window There's not a magic heat pump that's gonna do this and policy for example by its own won't do it You can implement any policy you want. I mean I said before California has a net zero every building net zero by 2030 policy That's a great policy because it's aspirational and puts a stake in the sand But it simply isn't physically going to happen because you simply can't technically do it So I think you need this whole combination of things working in sync in order to make the world change now to put a little more Quantitative data to I'm gonna phrase it this way. How bad the problem is this is an interesting study done a few years ago 120 buildings what the Design energy use was and the measured energy use and the first thing you see is there's lots of scattered if every building Performed exactly as designed all the points would be on the diagonal. They aren't right They're all over the map the part that worries me is the buildings down here That were supposed to be in the left-hand side that were the most efficient buildings These are the net zero or could be net zero buildings a few of them met the goal Many of them were a hundred percent more some of them were 200% So, you know as a scientist curious about data, I would say there's a there's a big big red flag What why is that and the reason is because of sort of some of the issues I talked about in the slide before A few slides before so if you think about a framework, how would we if we redid that slide five years from now How would we get all the points to be in the line? We've been talking to architects and engineers about the the goal ought to be to guarantee the performance of the buildings I almost don't care and I'm saying almost because I actually do care I almost don't care what the target numbers are what's more important is you put a process in place That delivers what you expect and again each of the three prior speakers said that in slightly different words And so I would almost argue here to gotten a little bit of a limb that it's more important to be thinking about Building and operating buildings that way rather than explicitly what the actual Technical goal is in order to do that you need to then do a whole bunch of stuff in the area of design in terms of Tools and and you need to build build better buildings you need to operate better buildings And then the other issue here is scale Again in a research environment. We love to do one-off kinds of things but to solve the National problem we're going to have to do better than that So I'm going to flash one slide per topic for a few things Life cycle a huge problem today is that all the great effort that goes Into design five years later three years later five years later in operations No one knows what the hell the building was supposed to do or how it was supposed to operate and it's important more sophisticated This is the real world right and I think my friends here At least over beers would probably agree with me right and maybe in public discussion So one of the areas information model bim Scythe at stanford has been a leader in pushing this forward We need to protect preserve and promulgate the information share it and make it much more useful And there's a lot of activity in this area now Um, we're one of the things we do is develop simulation tools for energy And one of the breakthroughs here isn't so much the algorithms although they're improved a bit But it's that the input to these tools now can come from an i of c bim import So this is the architect works in the bim environment and rather than having the engineer recreate all the stuff You import the drawing and hopefully it actually works. That's the challenge here This is a new tool that is being developed. There's a big push now in part of energy on data So tools are important But tools are only part of it and how do buildings really perform It turned out that when steven chou asked this question a few years ago at doe There wasn't a lot of data available And so there's been a big project now at doe the building performance database It now has 70 000 buildings in it and the criteria to put your data into that database are pretty Pretty reasonable pretty tough And then the ideas of people will build tools on top of that energy iq is a benchmarking tool That operates off of a database so you can see where your your buildings are relative to others Another thing that's happening. I think it's really important disclosure laws in california now When you sell a lease a building you have to disclose its performance So it may have a great rating or lead plaque in the lobby and you may have made claims And you may have been written up in the architectural magazine But you now have to actually tell what it does new york city every building over 50 000 square feet has to publicly disclose its performance And it may not be shocking to hear that there are some buildings that have gotten a lot of press And there are probably good buildings in some ways whose energy performance isn't nearly what they claimed it would be Now it's public information people are starting to do something about it So this is important to me because it's a motivation that people will actually act on things So i wanted to pick for five or six slides. I want to drill down one level and talk about technology I run a windows and daylighting r&d group at the lab as well And so here's an example and I think again you saw in almost in every presentation They're doing innovative stuff with windows So the windows world has been bounced back and forth between They're lousy don't use them on the left to the iconic image of a green building is an all glass building And I will say parenthetically except for james's which was a retrofit of a tilt up concrete There's a lot of glass in the last two buildings, which is fine as long as it's the right glass So there's all kinds of innovation going on here. These are switchable windows smart windows You apply a small current to the coating and it changes So blinds and shades and shutters are great to control sunlight But wouldn't it be great if we could do this? This is a nasa type technology These coatings were used in military aircraft and spacecraft many many years ago when Cost per square foot didn't matter and performance was different But now we're bringing them down to the point where they could be deployed in buildings Dynamic control of the sunlight coming is critically important The the peak load that that a building sees and therefore the utility sees on a hot summer afternoon 50% or so is lighting in ac and we can control quite a bit of that between The smart glass and dimmable lighting We can actually control more than 50% of the net electric load on a hot summer afternoon in a building So that adds an important Or that that's an important add on so this gets into the controls world. How do we deal with controls? and This is an opportunity and a challenge. I guess is the polite way to put it So conceptually we want a smart controller and I think us Stephen talked about the systems they're developing now at nasa It looks at all these different inputs and maybe more and figures out what to do And then operates the the the windows the lighting the hvc and so on now That's smart controller could be a person if you can motivate and train people and they have access and so on You can open the window But in lots of conditions people are not going to dim lights and open windows I mean my office right now may have the sun pouring in it I'm not there to open the window or pull the shades right and that impacts the cooling in in the building I'm working so conceptually I've I've drunk the kool aid I buy into the idea that we should go for high high performance integrated systems with smart controllers Making it work is another story So my last piece here is some work that we're doing now to try to figure out how to make that work And we've done a lot of work with test beds test beds combine theory and practice and the real world and you're building stuff At a scale where you can find out what works and what doesn't work And we've done this with electrochromic glass with exterior shading with daylight redirecting glass And then the question is okay You can show that it works at a couple hundred square feet But cannot work in a building So we were brought in by the new york times as an owner of this million square foot building To see if we could make these things work at that scale and they actually built a 5000 square foot test bed Just for their building We did a lot of modeling a lot of measurement And results of the building was built in 2000 and occupied 2007. We did a poe study last year 40 percent or 50 lighting energy savings compared to code 25 electrical savings compared to code and and the occupancy studies said people were very happy So the stuff can work it can be done at scale and it can be done in sort of an environment like this As well as the smaller buildings you saw this morning. So making these systems work Um not just at the level of the space But the whole building and ultimately the grid is critically important and looking at where you make investments I don't have time to go into the details here, but you know, if you invest In smart glass and better lighting you can reduce chiller size you can reduce the size of the pv So so there's an optimization here piece. It's important. I'm just going to show you a facility We're building now. This is a reconfigurable kit of parts facility This is what it will look like in front of our existing building for these chambers. One of them can rotate All the pieces and parts can be plugged in and plugged out and tested So this will allow us to test all the kinds of systems since you've seen this morning things yet to be done Either in the r&d stage sort of over here on the left or all the way through The use by early adopters and scalable deployment So these are this is designed to be used by manufacturers and researchers But also to be used by architects and owners as well to prove things out So this is what 25 miles from here people complain It's only in the berkeley climate, which is a dull uninteresting climate But actually what we'll do is we combine it with all the simulation models and we can extrapolate the results But i'm guessing many of you are from the bay area. So it might be appropriate as is So this is a win-win-win if we can make these systems operate properly We keep people happy which is the most important thing It's the most important cost, but it's most important for other reasons as well We can make building owners and operators happy in terms of saving energy and managing the grid And ultimately we contribute to solving the global greenhouse gas problem. Thank you Thank you steve for this broader perspective So if we stick with the late stalt If you're okay with letting others go through the food line first We have time for a few questions So if you have a questions, please come to the microphone Uh, there's some significant issues with that and Seems to that it seems that it would really require an industry transformation in terms of architects and builders and even owners Collaborating on that relationship or a great type of guarantee to be made. So I think it's a great idea I'd recognize there's some real challenges as well as opportunities there My second part is a question for the three gentlemen that presented actual buildings And i'm wondering if you can comment on the cost per square foot Of the construction of your projects, obviously we had a renovation in two new office buildings And again as an architect working on large-scale commercial projects in california That's the sticking point for many of our clients is What's the added cost and when are we going to start to see a payback for this if it's not within a very short time frame? Usually a lot of these ideas these technologies are not end up not being feasible in projects So i'm wondering if you can comment on that uh So direct answer four hundred seventy five dollars a square foot for a replicable warm shell So you can have everything you see there except for the fine fits and finishes, you know The western red cedar applied on the outside recycled copper and all that So that's kind of a Kind of direct answer our estimates are there's as much as as a 20 increase for the sustainable features of the building Versus a building that didn't have the sustainable features, you know from a hard-nosed cfo perspective the net zero improvements Are easily justifiable to me in terms of cost recovery some of the other things have less of a discernible roi It's more of a moral roi roi when you look at You know Reutilized we use Reutilized or recycled 95 of the building material that was on site for the buildings we tore down to put our building in What's the roi on that didn't go to landfill. It's it's tougher math, but Our case is a little bit unique in that we purchased the land the building So that that's one cost there, you know all the permitting and everything that goes with it And then the other aspect was the design construction and you know the long-term energy cost So we had a factor all that in so I don't have the square foot cost But I know roughly to purchase the land was about one and a half million Including it's a good size piece of land and there's also an opportunity to build another building on it in the future So that was part of the equation that looked good for us But I do know between buying the land and doing the design and construction That if we had gone out and leased some property and did a classic tenant improvement The payback was under five years or that's why I think we got executive approval So I think we got to change our mindset of and I know you'd probably struggle with this because you're trying to guide clients And look at the bigger picture of a lot of them just are locked into this So what's how much can you design the initial cost and that's it? So I think you're I'm with you 100% we got to change our industry's mindset into Take a more holistic or integrated approach to all this but it's tough so In our case it's also a very different model than you're probably used to because this is a federal building That you paid for And the total cost this is 50,000 square foot building. I'll let you do the math. It's just Close to 27 million dollars total We calculated it was interesting to hear your number just now about 20 percent um cost premium for the All of the sustainable features of the building and energy saving features We did a back of the envelope calculation on our building and now some of our Stuff was basically free because it was passive energy savings and on on our exoskeleton, which didn't really cost us very much But our back of the envelope calculation was we paid about six percent over Premium over what the building would have cost us for an equivalent building And our back of the envelope calculation is about nine years for payback So we think for the american taxpayer. This is a good deal We think our building will require a lower maintenance. Certainly lower utility costs, etc So over the long haul over a 40 year lifespan or so of the building We think the american taxpayer is actually getting a good deal Plus we're going to learn a lot and we want to bring these technologies back to the american taxpayer That so they can benefit in the future. So in some ways, we're willing to take that upfront cost So we can reduce risk for consumers in the future if these products can it can be licensed and made available commercially Stephen did you want to comment on the issue the Comment on guaranteeing performance Well, one of the reasons for phrasing that way is to get people's attention is to you know Because and it does and so I would only say be happy to talk about it more offline, but The guarantee is like the EPA mileage guarantee The fine print says, you know, it's 34 miles per gallon and the fine print says But if you go uphill all the time when you go downhill or whatever it'll change And so the main thing is accountability is to get people thinking about it and more important to connect design construction and operations So I don't again actually care about the guarantee part of it We use different words as well, but it does wake people up It does get the lawyers kind of interested which we don't want to spend too much money there But but but it is a game changer and that's what we're trying to do I mean turning it around I do see some Design and construction firms who say hey We can guarantee a certain performance to the owner on a certain condition So I mean you can turn it around as well as a business opportunity And I I have to believe I mean it's it's well known unless you can keep the car between the lines You can't learn to go fast And I think that's what Steve's comment was about Yeah, we need to learn to set a target and actually meet it Not to have a scatterplot like we saw So it is an absolute game changer in the in the building world. That's for sure And just to add this is something short of a guarantee But it's indicative of changing business processes One of the things that we did after building our building is we established a year long Post occupancy services team at which table sat us as the operator along with dpr our contractor and ehdd Who designed the building so we all sat together so at the end of the year We don't point to them and say if you didn't build us a net zero building and they point back to us You didn't operate a net zero we sat there the whole time working together through items and that might get us closer to a Guarantee If I could add to that I mean one I think sort of martin alluded to this so the top Industry firms and I we're seeing this particular with builders is this whole idea becoming an integrated firm That we predict in the future we're going to have to be able to deliver what we call performance based contracts Not just simply on price but on performance So we are gearing up our whole organizations to move in that direction And we're doing that now in our renewable energy group when we build a solar power plant our you know developer like a Expect a certain amount of output and we have to produce that so we're already in that game You know we're just sort of broadened it now So it's it's going to require a big reorganization in industry So I'd say however you get into the integrated game is you're going to be your ticket into that All right, I suggest we formally close the panel Thank the speakers and I'm sure they're happy to talk to you Right here or over lunch and thank you for attending this panel and enjoy the rest of the conference You