 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the descent patterns of family diversity. When we talk about the descent patterns, we are actually talking about their ancestral lineage through which they identify themselves. So descent patterns refer to the ways in which kinship and family ties are traced and passed down through different generations. When we look at the identity of a family, it is important to know what their ancestral lineage is. Because family identities, especially in traditional societies, are identified with a special lineage. And there are many lineages in the world, most of which are attributed to the father's ancestral lineage. There are very few societies in which the lineage is attributed to the mother's ancestral lineage. And there are societies in which individuals attribute their lineage to their father's or mother's ancestral lineage. So let's see what the difference is between these three types of lineage patterns. So in some societies, descent is traced through the father's side, which is called the patrilineal descent. Whereas in other societies, the lineage is traced through the mother's side, which is called the matrilineal descent. Where the both lineage can be traced from either father or mother, it is called the bilateral descent. If we talk in Pakistan, predominantly, this is a patrilineal descent because these patterns do not vary across different regions and ethnic groups. So these are not, these are rather unanimously patrilineal and father is considered the head of the household. So for you, food for thought is that you observe different patterns of patrilineal in the global world. And you see that in the world, where, where, in which societies the descent is matrilineal, it can be possible or where the identity is attributed to the mother's lineage. And similarly, what are the other societies in the world, what are the descent patterns and how are they attributed to the father's lineage. And then let's see what are the consequences of this on your identity and on your possible life opportunities.