 Hello everyone, welcome back to Dentistry and more. So we have our continuation of Dental Auxiliaries. So last session we have covered non-operating Dental Auxiliary. So today's video is about operating Dental Auxiliary. The first one is New Zealand School Dental Nurse. So it was started in New Zealand so it was called as New Zealand School Dental Nurse. In 1921 the first training school for dental nurse that is Dominion Training School for Dental Nurse was opened in Wellington, New Zealand. So it was Thomas Hunter, a founder of the New Zealand Dental Association and pioneer in establishment of a dental school in New Zealand. So he is the father of school dental nurse and training is for two years and they will be after training they will be assigned to school by the government and they are expected to provide care for children and nearly every six months. So what are the duties? So New Zealand School Dental Nurse is the only dental auxiliary where they can independently diagnose the patient and do treatment. No other auxiliary, especially operating auxiliary can do diagnosis. Only New Zealand School Dental Nurse is allowed to do a diagnosis. So they can do diagnosis, they can do screening, disorder profile access, they can do a fluoride application and they can perform local anesthetics injection. So this we have seen in our fluoride if the drinking water amount, fluoride and drinking water amount what should be the supplement of fluoride we should give. So this table we have covered in detail about our fluoride chapter that is topical fluoride chapter. So other duties are filling up restorations, direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, tooth extraction and dental health education of school children and motivating children and helping them to adopt a healthy oral hygiene practices. So that was dental school nurse, they are specialized in diagnosis. So dental therapist is another form, it is operating auxiliary. It was permitted to carry out the prescription of supervising dentists. So they cannot do work independently but they need a prescription of a supervising dentist about the preventive and treatment measures including preparation of cavities and restoration of teeth. They cannot do anything by their own decision, they have to wait for the supervising dentist decision. So they are like school dental nurse but their role is quite different, they are not permitted to diagnose and plan dental care. They are permitted to work based on the written treatment planned by the dentist. So this course duration is also 2 years. So these two operating dental auxiliary dental therapist and school dental nurse is not available in our country. So what is available is dental hygienist. So these type of operating auxiliaries courses are available in dental colleges. So dental hygienist is operating auxiliary, registered to practice dental hygiene under the laws of appropriate state or whatever it is. So usual functions are scaling, flora application, pit and fissure sealants, screening and oral hygiene instruction. They basically do profile access work and patient health education. And let's see what does expanded function dental auxiliary or EFDA. It is very important, it is commonly asked question. EFDA is an expanded function. So already some duties are there for certain dental auxiliary but we are expanding their functions or they are expanding dental duties. So EFDA are applying on to dental assistant and dental hygienist. So once EFDA training is given to dental assistant they will become preventive dental assistant. Usually dental assistant cannot work on any patient. So once the extra training that is expanded function training they are getting they will become preventive dental assistant. And if dental hygienist if you are giving extra duties they will become expanded duties or dental hygienist with expanded duties. So this is from non-operating and this is from operating. So one non-operating and one non-operating auxiliary is provided or given extra duties that is expanded function dental auxiliary. So it is a dental assistant or a dental hygienist in some cases who has received further training in duties related to para treatment of patients. So they will be getting further training for treating the patient. Still they work under the supervision of dentist. So levels of supervision are we covering in my next video. So American Dental Association advocated careful examination of values of delegating to expanded functioning of personal. Those duties which were reversible that is did not include cutting of soft and hard tissue. So such duties are not given to EFDA. So remember that one non-operating and one operating auxiliary given expanded functions and they become expanded function dental auxiliaries. So what are the duties? For a dental assistant in expanded function they can do retraction of Geneva, impression taking, space maintenance, orthodontic appliances, etching of teeth, determining tooth length, armpit and fissure sealants. For dental hygienist they can do the same thing along with temporary stabilization, suture placement and de-breadment of periodontal surgical site. So these were the duties which was not there when they were just hygienist or when they were just dental assistant. When they were provided with expanded training. So they can do all these works. So let's see what is a dental license sheet. So these we have seen the WHO's new types of auxiliaries. So dental license sheet is a semi-independent. So if you have, so let me go back and show you the classification so we'll have a better idea. So in operating auxiliary after expanded function dental auxiliaries, we have new types of dental auxiliaries. The first one is dental license sheet. So dental license sheet is a semi-independent operator trained to perform dental profile access, cavity preparation and filling, extraction under relay, drainage of dental abscesses and early recognition of more serious dental problems. So that is dental license sheet. Whereas dental aid they as the name suggests just perform first aid procedures including extraction of teeth under relay and control of hemorrhage. So these do recognition of dental diseases which require the transfer of patient to dental offices. So these dental aid and dental license sheet are new type of dental auxiliary where the dentist are very less in number. So these auxiliaries can help the people in basic treatment procedures. So let's see what is frontier auxiliaries. Frontier auxiliaries is nothing but the lay people like nurses and former dental assistants and they will be provided with minimal training like dental profile access, health education, relief of pain, referral, fluoride rinse programs and simple denture repairs. So these frontier auxiliaries will be deployed to countryside areas where the dentist are very short in number so they can help the people in providing basic treatments. So that is frontier auxiliaries. So that's all about operating dental auxiliaries. So I have just to recap frontier auxiliaries dental aid and dental license sheet. So EFDA dental hygienist, dental therapist and school dental nurse. So it was just a brief description of the operating dental auxiliaries. So remember this name Thomas Hunder. So the next session will be of levels of supervision. So how a dentist is supervising his dental auxiliaries. So I'll come up with levels of supervision in my next session. Thank you.