 All right, let's start, so building an open source hardware manufacturing world it's quite a catchy title I think. We are building this project, we've been building this project for about five years and we are nowhere near finishing at all. So let's go through where we're at and I'll welcome any questions at the end. So first of all who am I? I'm a game developer for PC, that's what I do most of the time. I've also worked in fab labs in France which is where I'm from and now I'm also building makernet.org with a team and I've been active in open source hardware since I read the culture books because this seems to me like the most plausible and desirable future we could want for humanity. And as I am a game developer you will see very nice sci-fi pictures throughout the whole presentation but we are very serious about what we are building and it's just to give a sense of bigger picture which I think building anything without having a bigger picture in mind is not really worth I mean as a research why not but I also believe that the best way to predict the future is to build it and so the first picture on the right is my future house and garden open source of course which I will invite all of you to join when it's built. Okay so I'm not alone in building this there is Andrew Lamp from Field Ready and Pierre-Alexis Yavaldini which is who's my co-founder at makernet.org as well as a lot of other people who help us and also challenge us. A quick thanks to the Shettleworth Foundation, Standards Repo, the CERN Open Open Hardware License, Field Ready of course and Dassault Systems for their funding, hosting, advising, connecting, sharing and all other helps they provide us. So the summary of this presentation we are building a marketplace for open source hardware manufacturing this is makernet.org we are also developing a lot of open standards some of them are called Open Know How which you can find on the website openknowhow.org and Open Nowhere which doesn't have a website yet and I will also invite you to join us by uploading your designs to sell them. So let's start with explaining a bit what makernet.org is we want to build an open source hardware manufacturing world and for that we think that the designers as well as the manufacturers should be paid and we don't see open source hardware as not being equal to getting paid too many too many conditions in this sentence. So well we think we think people should get paid for their work and being open source is not getting in the way of that. So the website is a big assembly of a lot of things to gather three type of people in there. One we have designers who will build the blueprints the designs the files and update them and this is hosted on a github repository we have manufacturers who will receive manufacturing orders and we have clients like people who browse amazon or lazada or whatever marketplace you can find online. To make all of this work we want to have as much to include as much as we can so we have we are using Dasol systems spatial library which allows to convert between all 3d file formats and 2d as well so the library is not free but it's we make it free of use on the website so anybody can use it and there's no no payment required and we think this is a very important piece of making everything work is that there's an interchangeability between all the file formats that people are used to we don't want to impose things on people we want to include as much as we can and another the last part is the storefront like amazon so this is where we're barely getting into that so we have a very rough one it works but i think this is a yet another huge thing to to manage and one one quick thing before before i continue so we're we're doing that maker net is a company so for profit open open know how and open nowhere are non-profit things and we do not think that we have the right answers what what we are trying to do is to find them so if we are wrong of or if another company is doing a better job than us we'll be very happy because our end goal once again is to build a world not to make just a single website better than the rest although if we achieve our our goals it should be better should provide more value and a more resilient way of manufacturing and having a new world we'll go into the into the details of what benefits this open source hardware manufacturing world brings so then the open standards that we need to to make this marketplace work and we are also perfectly fine with other marketplaces using these standards and some are actually we are collaborating for example with wiki factory to build these standards so we want to have a standard for step by step industry standard yeah standard open hardware recipes to be able to in the future make them machine readable as well as human readable we want to have a standard for contracts and we'll see later an example of why it's not as easy as it seems because we want to we want people not to worry about contracts while having full transparency and also the power let's say you place an order for a thousand pieces and the workload is divided among many manufacturers we want the contract to handle that not the person who orders and of course the last but very very important and we are barely scratching the surface is quality control all of this does not make any sense if what is manufactured does not is not reliable and is not up to the expectations of the buyer by the way the three parties I mentioned manufacturer designer and buyers they could be any two or three at the same time there is no separation it's just a separation in where you're at on the website then we have open databases this is open no open nowhere we want to have maps of machines and tools around the world and and this this needs to be open because it is it is something that will never be complete and needs to be updated all the time and I don't see why we should not make it available to everybody and everybody can take part of it in it we also need to have skills and people this would come at us at the second time it's not vital to make things work but it will be vital because the more we computerize the more we can do later and I'm sure once this database is start growing we'll see a lot of unexpected uses of them and as of course we need a materials database because the manufacturing world we are suggesting is also very good at doing local manufacturing and let's say you want you had to have your designer chair from Italy but you live in Japan and you'd rather have local wood used we need to make sure that the woods match in terms of physical properties otherwise you wouldn't really get the same quality of a chair and I'm talking about less visual qualities and more about just making sure the product works as intended of course the example of a chair is a very straightforward one but the same the same can be thought of for electronics or more intricate and complex pieces that are assembled some parts could be replaced and we need to know where how so now I can pretty much think that a lot of a lot of you might think it is an ambitious project yes it is and the thing that is nice is that it's already working it's at a tiny tiny tiny scale but we have all the required elements of the chain to make it work we are currently having a little trouble with our payment providers but we are just switching we were using PayPal and we have to change so let's go through the benefits for the designers I think from speaking with a lot of designers they're first they're worried about not getting paid because they associate open source hardware with many fallacies they think it's for learning they think it's you do that as a hobby and you deliver it to the community or you don't finish a project so you just put it on open and you see what happens and never do they think that they can be paid or even make more money by going open meaning releasing their their blueprints to everyone under any license but we recommend a CERN open hardware license and they would benefit from improved design designs by global collaboration exactly like what we see in the software world I think the only reason why open hardware hasn't picked up is the ease of use and the speed of iteration of modifying and manufacturing hardware in software you can just download things run it I mean it's a matter of seconds hardware is a little bit slower so it's and there are many more tools less standards because it involves more steps you need to get out of the computer involve many skill sets but we are clearly seeing a trend towards simplification I can just just in on top of my mind I'm thinking of the SketchUp software I mean it's so easy that anybody can use it and I think it's important to think of speed and ease of use so more people can take part then we have manufacturers the thing is that manufacturers in the way we are thinking things would be like Uber drivers they would get jobs sent to them and they can decide to take them or not and this this also scales to more things like we've been talking with an airplane company in Located in France I cannot disclose which one it is but they have recently bought a lot of small manufacturers around the world and what they intend to do is to unify these small manufacturers around the world as a big manufacturer controlled online so this is another thing that could could be considered a benefit it's quite far away I think to be something real but it's to keep an eye on as I think the future will be much more distributed and we'll see less like huge chains who repeat the same motion or it's not it's not like a hundred percent it's we'll see a transition and it will be like a gradient more smaller manufacturers in addition to to the ones that are quite big and mass produced then the benefits for customers I think this is the most obvious one this is what I what I got from reading the culture books we have we want to have locally built on demand customized repairable products because if if you think of it why not have the products that you exactly want instead of what the market offers you we're not there yet of course these are all future wishes the customized part can be can be done but yeah so it's a lot of it's a lot of tiny pieces that change completely the way we think of it and I think once we have most of it in place we'll find it hard to go back to having standardized products and one of the things that is very important is full transparent manufacturing information so on the on the right this is a this is a just a label that we would make per product generated automatically because we have all the information from the open standards and the open databases we can exactly like nutrition facts you know the us nutrition fact sticker I think it's very important to display the same on hardware this way you know where the money goes you know what materials it's made of and you have ideally this qr code who would link you to through all the informations of the build when it was built who built what following what version of the plan so if you want to repair just a part of a machine you know which version it was you know you have access to the file as it's a git repository so you have the full history you have the license you have everything so this this is just a dummy product it doesn't doesn't make any sense but we would also have this cute picture I think it's important to to make it look interesting and to appeal to people to look at this information so why are we building this the main reason is to promote knowledge sharing we think that knowledge sharing in hardware is is is not sufficient compared to what we can see in software I've mentioned why hardware is slower but I think we can see a trend in more and more sharing of hardware and it's important to develop better hardware because software relies on hardware we want to make collaboration easy for hardware all the most of the designers we talk to they have no standards they still name their files version one final final one final two they use google drives or dropbox which is okay it works it's not bad and we also will you can also import google drive into makernet in in a few clicks because we want to make it easy for people we don't want to impose new ways of working that are that don't don't make sense so collaboration is very important we want to make it easy to manufacture and sell products the story of my co-founders that he was designing an adaptation to a 3d printer and he wanted to to sell this improvement he made but then he had to go through the hassle of incorporating understanding tax laws how to sell in different countries how to contact manufacturers so as a beginner in the in the hardware world you get a lot more barriers to entry than again software and again we don't see why in the future it shouldn't be as easy they will it will never it will never be the same software and hardware will never be the same but hardware could learn a lot from from where software has been I think it's a great inspiration transparency in the production chain as I said I think this is important as well databases for people skills machines tools and materials having you know if you start if you start to learn about anything I think you have to measure it you have at some point to start measuring it and you cannot measure it if you don't have the right units and all these databases are and standards are units of measurement and once we can measure things we can improve things otherwise you're just aiming in the dark and hoping that you get better and also customize products so for the end users I'm again talking talking using a furniture example but you can think of much more advanced but did you ever like you have a new place you want a table that is exactly this length and you go to whatever store and it's not exact so then you have a small gap or it's slightly too big or you have to adjust and there's not there's no real reason why the future could not provide you with exactly what you need again furniture a simple example but you can apply that to many more things and yes because we think it's how manufacturing should be I think where manufacturing is at right now is just a side effect of where society has been and understanding like this global connecting everything then I'm not going into into into globalization and stuff like that but we see trends in in the US in Europe to go back to local smaller things let's let's talk us let's take a small example that is related to the virus in France there are there are only two factories who are able to produce masks and they ran out in the first weeks they sent them all to China so France is relying on other countries to get masks although they have manufacturers in France but not enough so I think this is a clear example where the governments and the and the and the states are seeing that there is a lot of weakness and a lot of the vulnerability in having everything manufactured in one place and also we see a loss a clear loss of knowledge in I mean I'm talking for the countries that I know so US and Europe but I think it's the same everywhere and they also realized that the economy of the country still relies heavily on manufacturer for the US I think it's been going down and I think a lot of I forgot the name of an institute who later research and they and they were showing that decreasing manufacturer locally weakens the whole economy because of relying on other countries so at some point you become at the mercy of what happens somewhere else and you just respond instead of initiate then let's go through a simple example very simple so there we let's take a designer who uploads yeah question or you're the designer okay we have a designer there so he uploads a design I'm going with furniture again five minutes five minutes okay he sets he builds a he builds the blueprints for a new chair he uploads the chair online under the CERN license and he sets a designer fee so for every chair that will be sold he will get paid 100 US dollars for example then this design must be built at least once to validate it this is this is where we're at we're welcoming any suggestions or improvement of course but so the design has to be built at least once so we know it's something that can be built maybe in the future there will be ways to simulate and skip this step then this this build the designer can keep it it's not kept as a stock somewhere we just now are able we are now able to list the product on the marketplace so clients will just browse the marketplace see the chair and they can order let's say they order 20 of these chairs for their huge house and let's say the designer is in Singapore and the client is in Canada so we will match the order with a manufacturer whose whose skills match what is required and the local manufacturer or manufacturers receives the order and builds them once the quality is approved the manufacturers send the product to the client and the the money that the client put online to buy these is distributed to the designer and the manufacturer of course actually the manufacturer get paid gets paid before building so he's able to get the materials here's a here's a use case that we that we did in Iraq with field ready to have 3d printed animals in soap to incentivize children to wash their hands and this is one of the examples of one too many contracts here the challenge is having a contract between one buyer which is field ready and many small manufacturers who just have a 3d printer and know how to make soap which is very basic you just melt soap that already exists and there's no there's no easy solution to have this one too many contracts so this is one of the things where we we work to make it easy again the summary exactly the same slide as earlier but as a recap we have a marketplace for open source hardware manufacturing makernet.org we have open standards open know how.org and open nowhere which will be built shortly and I want to invite you to join us by uploading your designs and sell them or take part in developing the standards that's all thank you that is fascinating I have at least half a dozen of my own questions obviously as more of our yield to everybody else's first but before I do that I would point out that unfortunately we started a bit late and we've actually now run into the break and so if people want to take a tea break at this moment it's there's 15 minutes left so we're gonna sort of hanging out for that so I think I'll invite questions but those who want to go for the break please go now Harish yeah we are so what works oh sorry please please repeat the question yeah so how many people have gone through the process and what type of products so we two people have been through the process one is us of course to test what we built and the other is field ready the type of products are very simple we only do 3d printing laser cutting and cnc like the basics that you can find in fab labs because we rely on the the most distributed manufacturers we can find our fab labs and they usually have these three pieces of equipment so we already have a network of a thousand plus small manufacturers around the world this is our test case and if we make it work with that I think we can start thinking bigger so it's usually like one step processes and we haven't gone into electronics or computer stuff yet you mentioned the CERN open hardware license in fact that's three licenses do you mean any of the three or do you mean one in particular CERN OHL 2.1 I think now yeah or 2.0 that's three licenses okay they are cold hang on sorry I've gone and lost the page basically it's degrees of permissivity strongly reciprocal with reciprocal and permissive CERN OHLS CERN OHLW and CERN OHLP so on the website exactly like on github you can choose which license when you start a repository and you can change so the guy here is Andrew Katz he's the he's the person who who wrote these licenses and we've been talking with him to to make sure we're not experts in licensing so we wanted to have his opinion if things match if there's a problem with us being a company or how does it work if the blueprints get out and everything seems to be in order we are perfectly okay with having people getting all the design all the designs out of maker nets as long as they follow the the licensing which is just keep the trail of who and what improvements have been made and what you've talked about designer fees yes in an open context isn't that somewhat voluntary sorry isn't that somewhat voluntary what's what what prevents another designer simply picking it up and making a derived work available yes there's no easy answer for that I think that's that's the risks of of doing open things so we would not in the future we would not I don't know honestly I don't know we would try to avoid files that are that are copies compute in terms of computation we can easily check that other than that yes it's a challenge and we I think we rely on human honesty and intelligence which might be a flow in the design I think I think just try it and see what works and what doesn't because branding I think becomes part of it you can certainly readily require that licensees get licenses to the design but not to the use of any branding and this is more or less what goes on with high-end textile manufacturer where the knockoffs are not just similar they're made in the same factories by the same people using the same materials the same tools off shift yep so there really isn't a difference but then you then get into a branding thing so it's not really limited to open open source hardware it's actually already the case yes sort of at least high-end branded stuff any other questions in the room cool I might want to ask one more of my long list you mentioned the culture books at the beginning of the talk as part of the rationale but don't haven't identified what they are sorry you give us more information about what those books are these talks the titles authors so my the authors iron m banks he's Scottish I think he's dead now sadly and there were no adaptation of his books on TV or cinema but I think it should arrive quite soon as they are great he wrote at least a dozen of the culture books I haven't read them all and it's a it's a super advanced future where humans I mean they're it's not clear if they come from earth or not but they they do yeah they're human but yep so it's super advanced and you have ai's everywhere humans are enhanced to a point where they can basically do whatever they like and there's no risk and no death death threat and they can have anything they want at any time provided by these super ai's and some of them are ships spaceships and they're very funny you know in a quite in a british way of funny cool I just wanted to identify them and so yeah we keep it calls it culture series but yeah yes you're right I could have provided more information all right well let's wrap